Unsupervised Anomaly Detection from Time-of-Flight Depth Images
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Video anomaly detection (VAD) addresses the problem of automatically finding anomalous events in video data. The primary data modalities on which current VAD systems work on are monochrome or RGB images. Using depth data in this context instead is still hardly explored in spite of depth images being a popular choice in many other computer vision research areas and the increasing availability of inexpensive depth camera hardware. We evaluate the application of existing autoencoder-based methods on depth video and propose how the advantages of using depth data can be leveraged by integration into the loss function. Training is done unsupervised using normal sequences without need for any additional annotations. We show that depth allows easy extraction of auxiliary information for scene analysis in the form of a foreground mask and demonstrate its beneficial effect on the anomaly detection performance through evaluation on a large public dataset, for which we are also the first ones to present results on.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Mar 2022.
Builds on
16 of 39 references.
References · 16
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2015Convolutional LSTM Network: A Machine Learning Approach for Precipitation Nowcastingcited by 1,428
- 2017Future Frame Prediction for Anomaly Detection -- A New Baselinecited by 391
- 2016Learning Temporal Regularity in Video Sequencescited by 254
- 2020Anomaly Detection in Video via Self-Supervised and Multi-Task Learningcited by 147
- 2018Deep Autoencoding Models for Unsupervised Anomaly Segmentation in Brain MR Imagescited by 146
- 2018Object-centric Auto-encoders and Dummy Anomalies for Abnormal Event Detection in Videocited by 110
- 2019Learning Regularity in Skeleton Trajectories for Anomaly Detection in Videoscited by 103
- 2021SiT: Self-supervised vIsion Transformercited by 99
- 2018An overview of deep learning based methods for unsupervised and semi-supervised anomaly detection in videoscited by 45
- 2020Driver Anomaly Detection: A Dataset and Contrastive Learning Approachcited by 41
- 2020Any-Shot Sequential Anomaly Detection in Surveillance Videoscited by 34
4 more
- 2019Background Subtraction in Real Applications: Challenges, Current Models and Future Directionscited by 29
- 2021TIMo -- A Dataset for Indoor Building Monitoring with a Time-of-Flight Cameracited by 9
- 2021Using Visual Anomaly Detection for Task Execution Monitoringcited by 7
- 2018Benchmark data and method for real-time people counting in cluttered scenes using depth sensorscited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 3; 2024: 1; 2025: 1.
6 papers.
- 2023Exploring Diffusion Models for Unsupervised Video Anomaly Detectioncited by 23
- 2022Skeletal Video Anomaly Detection using Deep Learning: Survey, Challenges and Future Directionscited by 14
- 2024Privacy-Preserving Video Anomaly Detection: A Surveycited by 11
- 2023Point Cloud Video Anomaly Detection Based on Point Spatio-Temporal Auto-Encodercited by 1
- 2025HyPCV-Former: Hyperbolic Spatio-Temporal Transformer for 3D Point Cloud Video Anomaly Detectioncited by 1
- 2023Achieving RGB-D level Segmentation Performance from a Single ToF Cameracited by 0
- 2025HyPCV-Former: Hyperbolic Spatio-Temporal Transformer for 3D Point Cloud Video Anomaly Detection1 Aug 2025
- 2024Privacy-Preserving Video Anomaly Detection: A Survey21 Nov 2024
- 2023Achieving RGB-D level Segmentation Performance from a Single ToF Camera30 Jun 2023
- 2023Point Cloud Video Anomaly Detection Based on Point Spatio-Temporal Auto-Encoder4 Jun 2023
- 2023Exploring Diffusion Models for Unsupervised Video Anomaly Detection12 Apr 2023
- 2022Skeletal Video Anomaly Detection using Deep Learning: Survey, Challenges and Future Directions31 Dec 2022