APEACH: Attacking Pejorative Expressions with Analysis on Crowd-Generated Hate Speech Evaluation Datasets
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Abstract (arXiv)
In hate speech detection, developing training and evaluation datasets across various domains is the critical issue. Whereas, major approaches crawl social media texts and hire crowd-workers to annotate the data. Following this convention often restricts the scope of pejorative expressions to a single domain lacking generalization. Sometimes domain overlap between training corpus and evaluation set overestimate the prediction performance when pretraining language models on low-data language. To alleviate these problems in Korean, we propose APEACH that asks unspecified users to generate hate speech examples followed by minimal post-labeling. We find that APEACH can collect useful datasets that are less sensitive to the lexical overlaps between the pretraining corpus and the evaluation set, thereby properly measuring the model performance.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 10 of its 17 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Feb 2022.
Builds on
10 of 17 references.
References · 10
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 5; 2024: 2; 2025: 1.
8 papers.
- 2023KoSBi: A Dataset for Mitigating Social Bias Risks Towards Safer Large Language Model Applicationcited by 24
- 2024SLM as Guardian: Pioneering AI Safety with Small Language Modelscited by 7
- 2023BAN-PL: a Novel Polish Dataset of Banned Harmful and Offensive Content from Wykop.pl web servicecited by 6
- 2023When Crowd Meets Persona: Creating a Large-Scale Open-Domain Persona Dialogue Corpuscited by 5
- 2023K-HATERS: A Hate Speech Detection Corpus in Korean with Target-Specific Ratingscited by 5
- 2023Automatic Construction of a Korean Toxic Instruction Dataset for Ethical Tuning of Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2024Revealing Trends in Datasets from the 2022 ACL and EMNLP Conferencescited by 0
- 2025Can NLP Tackle Hate Speech in the Real World? Stakeholder-Informed Feedback and Survey on Counterspeechcited by 0
- 2025Can NLP Tackle Hate Speech in the Real World? Stakeholder-Informed Feedback and Survey on Counterspeech6 Aug 2025
- 2024SLM as Guardian: Pioneering AI Safety with Small Language Models30 May 2024
- 2024Revealing Trends in Datasets from the 2022 ACL and EMNLP Conferences31 Mar 2024
- 2023Automatic Construction of a Korean Toxic Instruction Dataset for Ethical Tuning of Large Language Models30 Nov 2023
- 2023K-HATERS: A Hate Speech Detection Corpus in Korean with Target-Specific Ratings24 Oct 2023
- 2023BAN-PL: a Novel Polish Dataset of Banned Harmful and Offensive Content from Wykop.pl web service21 Aug 2023
- 2023KoSBi: A Dataset for Mitigating Social Bias Risks Towards Safer Large Language Model Application28 May 2023
- 2023When Crowd Meets Persona: Creating a Large-Scale Open-Domain Persona Dialogue Corpus1 Apr 2023