mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Leveraging Approximate Symbolic Models for Reinforcement Learning via Skill Diversity

arXiv 2202.02886 ↗First posted 6 Feb 2022cs.AIcited by 22

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Abstract (arXiv)

Creating reinforcement learning (RL) agents that are capable of accepting and leveraging task-specific knowledge from humans has been long identified as a possible strategy for developing scalable approaches for solving long-horizon problems. While previous works have looked at the possibility of using symbolic models along with RL approaches, they tend to assume that the high-level action models are executable at low level and the fluents can exclusively characterize all desirable MDP states. Symbolic models of real world tasks are however often incomplete. To this end, we introduce Approximate Symbolic-Model Guided Reinforcement Learning, wherein we will formalize the relationship between the symbolic model and the underlying MDP that will allow us to characterize the incompleteness of the symbolic model. We will use these models to extract high-level landmarks that will be used to decompose the task. At the low level, we learn a set of diverse policies for each possible task subgoal identified by the landmark, which are then stitched together. We evaluate our system by testing on three different benchmark domains and show how even with incomplete symbolic model information, our approach is able to discover the task structure and efficiently guide the RL agent towards the goal.

Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Feb 2022.

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26 of 51 references.

References · 26

  1. 2017Explanation in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Social Sciencescited by 1,201
  2. 2015Prioritized Experience Replaycited by 1,070
  3. 2018Diversity is All You Need: Learning Skills without a Reward Functioncited by 734
  4. 2017Reinforcement Learning with Deep Energy-Based Policiescited by 659
  5. 2016Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning: Integrating Temporal Abstraction and Intrinsic Motivationcited by 282
  6. 2017Inverse Reward Designcited by 246
  7. 2016Modular Multitask Reinforcement Learning with Policy Sketchescited by 200
  8. 2019Efficient Exploration via State Marginal Matchingcited by 186
  9. 2018Self-Imitation Learningcited by 135
  10. 2017Stochastic Neural Networks for Hierarchical Reinforcement Learningcited by 124
  11. 2018Variational Option Discovery Algorithmscited by 121
  12. 2019Using Natural Language for Reward Shaping in Reinforcement Learningcited by 114
14 more
  1. 2020One Solution is Not All You Need: Few-Shot Extrapolation via Structured MaxEnt RLcited by 79
  2. 2018SDRL: Interpretable and Data-efficient Deep Reinforcement Learning Leveraging Symbolic Planningcited by 77
  3. 2018Foundations for Restraining Bolts: Reinforcement Learning with LTLf/LDLf restraining specificationscited by 69
  4. 2021Compositional Reinforcement Learning from Logical Specificationscited by 65
  5. 2018PEORL: Integrating Symbolic Planning and Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Robust Decision-Makingcited by 51
  6. 2019Leveraging Human Guidance for Deep Reinforcement Learning Taskscited by 42
  7. 2020Widening the Pipeline in Human-Guided Reinforcement Learning with Explanation and Context-Aware Data Augmentationcited by 42
  8. 2021Symbols as a Lingua Franca for Bridging Human-AI Chasm for Explainable and Advisable AI Systemscited by 36
  9. 2021GPT3-to-plan: Extracting plans from text using GPT-3cited by 26
  10. 2018Composable Planning with Attributescited by 21
  11. 2018Learning from Richer Human Guidance: Augmenting Comparison-Based Learning with Feature Queriescited by 16
  12. 2018Extracting Action Sequences from Texts Based on Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 12
  13. 2020Planning and Execution using Inaccurate Models with Provable Guaranteescited by 5
  14. 2020CMAX++ : Leveraging Experience in Planning and Execution using Inaccurate Modelscited by 3

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Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 4; 2024: 6; 2025: 3; 2026: 4.

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  1. 2023Leveraging Pre-trained Large Language Models to Construct and Utilize World Models for Model-based Task Planningcited by 204
  2. 2024LLMs Can't Plan, But Can Help Planning in LLM-Modulo Frameworkscited by 178
  3. 2022Learning Neuro-Symbolic Skills for Bilevel Planningcited by 55
  4. 2023AlignDiff: Aligning Diverse Human Preferences via Behavior-Customisable Diffusion Modelcited by 37
  5. 2022LEAGUE: Guided Skill Learning and Abstraction for Long-Horizon Manipulationcited by 32
  6. 2024Task Success is not Enough: Investigating the Use of Video-Language Models as Behavior Critics for Catching Undesirable Agent Behaviorscited by 23
  7. 2024ACE : Off-Policy Actor-Critic with Causality-Aware Entropy Regularizationcited by 16
  8. 2024NAVIX: Scaling MiniGrid Environments with JAXcited by 16
  9. 2022Relative Behavioral Attributes: Filling the Gap between Symbolic Goal Specification and Reward Learning from Human Preferencescited by 7
  10. 2024Extracting Heuristics from Large Language Models for Reward Shaping in Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
  11. 2024MAPLE: A Framework for Active Preference Learning Guided by Large Language Modelscited by 6
  12. 2023Reinforcement Learning with Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: A Brief Surveycited by 5
10 more
  1. 2022Towards customizable reinforcement learning agents: Enabling preference specification through online vocabulary expansioncited by 4
  2. 2025Neuro-Symbolic Imitation Learning: Discovering Symbolic Abstractions for Skill Learningcited by 4
  3. 2022Learning Temporally Extended Skills in Continuous Domains as Symbolic Actions for Planningcited by 3
  4. 2025Curiosity-Driven Imagination: Discovering Plan Operators and Learning Associated Policies for Open-World Adaptationcited by 3
  5. 2025Few-Shot Neuro-Symbolic Imitation Learning for Long-Horizon Planning and Actingcited by 2
  6. 2023Program Machine Policy: Addressing Long-Horizon Tasks by Integrating Program Synthesis and State Machinescited by 1
  7. 2026The Price Is Not Right: Neuro-Symbolic Methods Outperform VLAs on Structured Long-Horizon Manipulation Tasks with Significantly Lower Energy Consumptioncited by 1
  8. 2026Novelty Adaptation Through Hybrid Large Language Model (LLM)-Symbolic Planning and LLM-guided Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
  9. 2026Build on Priors: Vision--Language--Guided Neuro-Symbolic Imitation Learning for Data-Efficient Real-World Robot Manipulationcited by 0
  10. 2026Neurosymbolic Reasoning with Incremental Knowledge for Sample Efficient Hierarchical Reinforcement Learningcited by 0