Graph Neural Network with Curriculum Learning for Imbalanced Node Classification
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Abstract (arXiv)
Graph Neural Network (GNN) is an emerging technique for graph-based learning tasks such as node classification. In this work, we reveal the vulnerability of GNN to the imbalance of node labels. Traditional solutions for imbalanced classification (e.g. resampling) are ineffective in node classification without considering the graph structure. Worse still, they may even bring overfitting or underfitting results due to lack of sufficient prior knowledge. To solve these problems, we propose a novel graph neural network framework with curriculum learning (GNN-CL) consisting of two modules. For one thing, we hope to acquire certain reliable interpolation nodes and edges through the novel graph-based oversampling based on smoothness and homophily. For another, we combine graph classification loss and metric learning loss which adjust the distance between different nodes associated with minority class in feature space. Inspired by curriculum learning, we dynamically adjust the weights of different modules during training process to achieve better ability of generalization and discrimination. The proposed framework is evaluated via several widely used graph datasets, showing that our proposed model consistently outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 21 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Feb 2022.
Builds on
9 of 21 references.
References · 9
- 2016Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 11,282
- 2017Graph Attention Networkscited by 8,854
- 2017Inductive Representation Learning on Large Graphscited by 6,284
- 2016Convolutional Neural Networks on Graphs with Fast Localized Spectral Filteringcited by 2,085
- 2013Spectral Networks and Locally Connected Networks on Graphscited by 1,097
- 2019Measuring and Relieving the Over-smoothing Problem for Graph Neural Networks from the Topological Viewcited by 544
- 2021GraphSMOTE: Imbalanced Node Classification on Graphs with Graph Neural Networkscited by 147
- 2019Dynamic Curriculum Learning for Imbalanced Data Classificationcited by 93
- 2018Imbalanced Deep Learning by Minority Class Incremental Rectificationcited by 65
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 6; 2024: 2; 2025: 6; 2026: 1.
19 papers.
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- 2022Data Augmentation for Deep Graph Learning: A Surveycited by 132
- 2022Graph Data Augmentation for Graph Machine Learning: A Surveycited by 61
- 2024A Survey of Graph Neural Networks in Real world: Imbalance, Noise, Privacy and OOD Challengescited by 54
- 2022HiURE: Hierarchical Exemplar Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Relation Extractioncited by 32
- 2023Class-Imbalanced Graph Learning without Class Rebalancingcited by 29
- 2023Class-Imbalanced Learning on Graphs: A Surveycited by 24
- 2023Data-centric Graph Learning: A Surveycited by 22
- 2023Curriculum Graph Machine Learning: A Surveycited by 15
- 2022TopoImb: Toward Topology-level Imbalance in Learning from Graphscited by 12
- 2023Cost Sensitive GNN-based Imbalanced Learning for Mobile Social Network Fraud Detectioncited by 12
- 2023Curriculum Learning for Graph Neural Networks: Which Edges Should We Learn Firstcited by 10
- 2025CEGA: A Cost-Effective Approach for Graph-Based Model Extraction and Acquisitioncited by 9
7 more
- 2024AGSOA:Graph Neural Network Targeted Attack Based on Average Gradient and Structure Optimizationcited by 1
- 2025Heterogeneous Graph Prompt Learning via Adaptive Weight Pruningcited by 1
- 2025GraphIFE: Rethinking Graph Imbalance Node Classification via Invariant Learningcited by 1
- 2026Rel-MOSS: Towards Imbalanced Relational Deep Learning on Relational Databasescited by 1
- 2025UPL: Uncertainty-aware Pseudo-labeling for Imbalance Transductive Node Classificationcited by 0
- 2025Adversarial Curriculum Graph-Free Knowledge Distillation for Graph Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2025Cooperative Causal GraphSAGEcited by 0
- 2026Rel-MOSS: Towards Imbalanced Relational Deep Learning on Relational Databases9 Mar 2026
- 2025GraphIFE: Rethinking Graph Imbalance Node Classification via Invariant Learning28 Sep 2025
- 2025Heterogeneous Graph Prompt Learning via Adaptive Weight Pruning12 Jul 2025
- 2025CEGA: A Cost-Effective Approach for Graph-Based Model Extraction and Acquisition21 Jun 2025
- 2025Cooperative Causal GraphSAGE20 May 2025
- 2025Adversarial Curriculum Graph-Free Knowledge Distillation for Graph Neural Networks1 Apr 2025
- 2025UPL: Uncertainty-aware Pseudo-labeling for Imbalance Transductive Node Classification2 Feb 2025
- 2024AGSOA:Graph Neural Network Targeted Attack Based on Average Gradient and Structure Optimization19 Jun 2024
- 2024A Survey of Graph Neural Networks in Real world: Imbalance, Noise, Privacy and OOD Challenges7 Mar 2024
- 2023Curriculum Learning for Graph Neural Networks: Which Edges Should We Learn First28 Oct 2023
- 2023Data-centric Graph Learning: A Survey8 Oct 2023
- 2023Class-Imbalanced Graph Learning without Class Rebalancing27 Aug 2023
7 more
- 2023Class-Imbalanced Learning on Graphs: A Survey9 Apr 2023
- 2023Cost Sensitive GNN-based Imbalanced Learning for Mobile Social Network Fraud Detection28 Mar 2023
- 2023Curriculum Graph Machine Learning: A Survey6 Feb 2023
- 2022TopoImb: Toward Topology-level Imbalance in Learning from Graphs16 Dec 2022
- 2022HiURE: Hierarchical Exemplar Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Relation Extraction4 May 2022
- 2022Graph Data Augmentation for Graph Machine Learning: A Survey17 Feb 2022
- 2022Data Augmentation for Deep Graph Learning: A Survey16 Feb 2022
- 2022Data Augmentation for Deep Graph Learning: A Surveycited by 132
- 2022Graph Data Augmentation for Graph Machine Learning: A Surveycited by 61
- 2024A Survey of Graph Neural Networks in Real world: Imbalance, Noise, Privacy and OOD Challengescited by 54
- 2022HiURE: Hierarchical Exemplar Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Relation Extractioncited by 32
- 2023Class-Imbalanced Graph Learning without Class Rebalancingcited by 29
- 2023Class-Imbalanced Learning on Graphs: A Surveycited by 24
- 2023Data-centric Graph Learning: A Surveycited by 22
- 2023Curriculum Graph Machine Learning: A Surveycited by 15
- 2022TopoImb: Toward Topology-level Imbalance in Learning from Graphscited by 12
- 2023Cost Sensitive GNN-based Imbalanced Learning for Mobile Social Network Fraud Detectioncited by 12
- 2023Curriculum Learning for Graph Neural Networks: Which Edges Should We Learn Firstcited by 10
- 2025CEGA: A Cost-Effective Approach for Graph-Based Model Extraction and Acquisitioncited by 9
12 most cited of 19 All 19 (JSON)
- 2026Rel-MOSS: Towards Imbalanced Relational Deep Learning on Relational Databases9 Mar 2026
- 2025GraphIFE: Rethinking Graph Imbalance Node Classification via Invariant Learning28 Sep 2025
- 2025Heterogeneous Graph Prompt Learning via Adaptive Weight Pruning12 Jul 2025
- 2025CEGA: A Cost-Effective Approach for Graph-Based Model Extraction and Acquisition21 Jun 2025
- 2025Cooperative Causal GraphSAGE20 May 2025
- 2025Adversarial Curriculum Graph-Free Knowledge Distillation for Graph Neural Networks1 Apr 2025
- 2025UPL: Uncertainty-aware Pseudo-labeling for Imbalance Transductive Node Classification2 Feb 2025
- 2024AGSOA:Graph Neural Network Targeted Attack Based on Average Gradient and Structure Optimization19 Jun 2024
- 2024A Survey of Graph Neural Networks in Real world: Imbalance, Noise, Privacy and OOD Challenges7 Mar 2024
- 2023Curriculum Learning for Graph Neural Networks: Which Edges Should We Learn First28 Oct 2023
- 2023Data-centric Graph Learning: A Survey8 Oct 2023
- 2023Class-Imbalanced Graph Learning without Class Rebalancing27 Aug 2023
12 newest of 19 All 19 (JSON)