NTU VIRAL: A Visual-Inertial-Ranging-Lidar Dataset, From an Aerial Vehicle Viewpoint
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Abstract (arXiv)
In recent years, autonomous robots have become ubiquitous in research and daily life. Among many factors, public datasets play an important role in the progress of this field, as they waive the tall order of initial investment in hardware and manpower. However, for research on autonomous aerial systems, there appears to be a relative lack of public datasets on par with those used for autonomous driving and ground robots. Thus, to fill in this gap, we conduct a data collection exercise on an aerial platform equipped with an extensive and unique set of sensors: two 3D lidars, two hardware-synchronized global-shutter cameras, multiple Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), and especially, multiple Ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging units. The comprehensive sensor suite resembles that of an autonomous driving car, but features distinct and challenging characteristics of aerial operations. We record multiple datasets in several challenging indoor and outdoor conditions. Calibration results and ground truth from a high-accuracy laser tracker are also included in each package. All resources can be accessed via our webpage https://ntu-aris.github.io/ntu_viral_dataset.
Key facts. Cited by 29 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 1 Feb 2022.
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 6; 2024: 10; 2025: 5; 2026: 5.
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- 2024FAST-LIVO2: Fast, Direct LiDAR-Inertial-Visual Odometrycited by 44
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Modelscited by 29
- 2025UAVScenes: A Multi-Modal Dataset for UAVscited by 27
- 2024MMAUD: A Comprehensive Multi-Modal Anti-UAV Dataset for Modern Miniature Drone Threatscited by 18
- 2024MCD: Diverse Large-Scale Multi-Campus Dataset for Robot Perceptioncited by 16
- 2026iWorld-Bench: A Benchmark for Interactive World Models with a Unified Action Generation Frameworkcited by 14
- 2023ImMesh: An Immediate LiDAR Localization and Meshing Frameworkcited by 11
- 2025MCN-SLAM: Multi-Agent Collaborative Neural SLAM with Hybrid Implicit Neural Scene Representationcited by 11
- 2022Visual SLAM: What are the Current Trends and What to Expect?cited by 10
- 2023SR-LIVO: LiDAR-Inertial-Visual Odometry and Mapping with Sweep Reconstructioncited by 7
- 2024BeautyMap: Binary-Encoded Adaptable Ground Matrix for Dynamic Points Removal in Global Mapscited by 6
- 2023Traj-LO: In Defense of LiDAR-Only Odometry Using an Effective Continuous-Time Trajectorycited by 5
17 more
- 2024Jacquard V2: Refining Datasets using the Human In the Loop Data Correction Methodcited by 3
- 2026AerialMetric: Benchmarking and Adapting UAV Monocular Metric Depth Estimation in the Real Worldcited by 3
- 2023Towards a Robust Sensor Fusion Step for 3D Object Detection on Corrupted Datacited by 2
- 2024Traj-LIO: A Resilient Multi-LiDAR Multi-IMU State Estimator Through Sparse Gaussian Processcited by 2
- 2024Multiple and Gyro-Free Inertial Datasetscited by 2
- 2024Salient Sparse Visual Odometry With Pose-Only Supervisioncited by 2
- 2024ULOC: Learning to Localize in Complex Large-Scale Environments with Ultra-Wideband Rangescited by 2
- 2022PolyU-BPCoMa: A Dataset and Benchmark Towards Mobile Colorized Mapping Using a Backpack Multisensorial Systemcited by 1
- 2022Lossless SIMD Compression of LiDAR Range and Attribute Scan Sequencescited by 1
- 2023USTC FLICAR: A Sensors Fusion Dataset of LiDAR-Inertial-Camera for Heavy-duty Autonomous Aerial Work Robotscited by 1
- 2026Feasibility of Indoor Frame-Wise Lidar Semantic Segmentation via Distillation from Visual Foundation Modelcited by 1
- 2023Revisiting Stereo Triangulation in UAV Distance Estimationcited by 0
- 2024Multi-Robot Relative Pose Estimation in SE(2) with Observability Analysis: A Comparison of Extended Kalman Filtering and Robust Pose Graph Optimizationcited by 0
- 2025L2Calib: SE(3)-Manifold Reinforcement Learning for Robust Extrinsic Calibration with Degenerate Motion Resiliencecited by 0
- 2025Beyond a Single Light: A Large-Scale Aerial Dataset for Urban Scene Reconstruction Under Varying Illuminationcited by 0
- 2026SOAR: Regression-based LiDAR Relocalization for UAVscited by 0
- 2026DL-VINS-Factory: A Modular Framework for Learned Visual Front-Ends in Visual-Inertial SLAMcited by 0
- 2026DL-VINS-Factory: A Modular Framework for Learned Visual Front-Ends in Visual-Inertial SLAM2 Jul 2026
- 2026AerialMetric: Benchmarking and Adapting UAV Monocular Metric Depth Estimation in the Real World29 Jun 2026
- 2026iWorld-Bench: A Benchmark for Interactive World Models with a Unified Action Generation Framework5 May 2026
- 2026Feasibility of Indoor Frame-Wise Lidar Semantic Segmentation via Distillation from Visual Foundation Model20 Apr 2026
- 2026SOAR: Regression-based LiDAR Relocalization for UAVs4 Feb 2026
- 2025Beyond a Single Light: A Large-Scale Aerial Dataset for Urban Scene Reconstruction Under Varying Illumination16 Dec 2025
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Models3 Dec 2025
- 2025L2Calib: SE(3)-Manifold Reinforcement Learning for Robust Extrinsic Calibration with Degenerate Motion Resilience8 Aug 2025
- 2025UAVScenes: A Multi-Modal Dataset for UAVs30 Jul 2025
- 2025MCN-SLAM: Multi-Agent Collaborative Neural SLAM with Hybrid Implicit Neural Scene Representation23 Jun 2025
- 2024ULOC: Learning to Localize in Complex Large-Scale Environments with Ultra-Wideband Ranges17 Sep 2024
- 2024FAST-LIVO2: Fast, Direct LiDAR-Inertial-Visual Odometry26 Aug 2024
17 more
- 2024BeautyMap: Binary-Encoded Adaptable Ground Matrix for Dynamic Points Removal in Global Maps12 May 2024
- 2024Salient Sparse Visual Odometry With Pose-Only Supervision6 Apr 2024
- 2024Multiple and Gyro-Free Inertial Datasets21 Mar 2024
- 2024MCD: Diverse Large-Scale Multi-Campus Dataset for Robot Perception18 Mar 2024
- 2024Traj-LIO: A Resilient Multi-LiDAR Multi-IMU State Estimator Through Sparse Gaussian Process14 Feb 2024
- 2024Jacquard V2: Refining Datasets using the Human In the Loop Data Correction Method8 Feb 2024
- 2024MMAUD: A Comprehensive Multi-Modal Anti-UAV Dataset for Modern Miniature Drone Threats6 Feb 2024
- 2024Multi-Robot Relative Pose Estimation in SE(2) with Observability Analysis: A Comparison of Extended Kalman Filtering and Robust Pose Graph Optimization27 Jan 2024
- 2023SR-LIVO: LiDAR-Inertial-Visual Odometry and Mapping with Sweep Reconstruction28 Dec 2023
- 2023Traj-LO: In Defense of LiDAR-Only Odometry Using an Effective Continuous-Time Trajectory25 Sep 2023
- 2023Revisiting Stereo Triangulation in UAV Distance Estimation15 Jun 2023
- 2023Towards a Robust Sensor Fusion Step for 3D Object Detection on Corrupted Data12 Jun 2023
- 2023USTC FLICAR: A Sensors Fusion Dataset of LiDAR-Inertial-Camera for Heavy-duty Autonomous Aerial Work Robots4 Apr 2023
- 2023ImMesh: An Immediate LiDAR Localization and Meshing Framework12 Jan 2023
- 2022Visual SLAM: What are the Current Trends and What to Expect?19 Oct 2022
- 2022Lossless SIMD Compression of LiDAR Range and Attribute Scan Sequences16 Sep 2022
- 2022PolyU-BPCoMa: A Dataset and Benchmark Towards Mobile Colorized Mapping Using a Backpack Multisensorial System15 Jun 2022
- 2024FAST-LIVO2: Fast, Direct LiDAR-Inertial-Visual Odometrycited by 44
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Modelscited by 29
- 2025UAVScenes: A Multi-Modal Dataset for UAVscited by 27
- 2024MMAUD: A Comprehensive Multi-Modal Anti-UAV Dataset for Modern Miniature Drone Threatscited by 18
- 2024MCD: Diverse Large-Scale Multi-Campus Dataset for Robot Perceptioncited by 16
- 2023ImMesh: An Immediate LiDAR Localization and Meshing Frameworkcited by 11
- 2025MCN-SLAM: Multi-Agent Collaborative Neural SLAM with Hybrid Implicit Neural Scene Representationcited by 11
- 2022Visual SLAM: What are the Current Trends and What to Expect?cited by 10
- 2023SR-LIVO: LiDAR-Inertial-Visual Odometry and Mapping with Sweep Reconstructioncited by 7
- 2024BeautyMap: Binary-Encoded Adaptable Ground Matrix for Dynamic Points Removal in Global Mapscited by 6
- 2023Traj-LO: In Defense of LiDAR-Only Odometry Using an Effective Continuous-Time Trajectorycited by 5
- 2024Jacquard V2: Refining Datasets using the Human In the Loop Data Correction Methodcited by 3
12 most cited of 27 All 27 (JSON)
- 2026DL-VINS-Factory: A Modular Framework for Learned Visual Front-Ends in Visual-Inertial SLAM2 Jul 2026
- 2026AerialMetric: Benchmarking and Adapting UAV Monocular Metric Depth Estimation in the Real World29 Jun 2026
- 2026Feasibility of Indoor Frame-Wise Lidar Semantic Segmentation via Distillation from Visual Foundation Model20 Apr 2026
- 2026SOAR: Regression-based LiDAR Relocalization for UAVs4 Feb 2026
- 2025Beyond a Single Light: A Large-Scale Aerial Dataset for Urban Scene Reconstruction Under Varying Illumination16 Dec 2025
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Models3 Dec 2025
- 2025UAVScenes: A Multi-Modal Dataset for UAVs30 Jul 2025
- 2025MCN-SLAM: Multi-Agent Collaborative Neural SLAM with Hybrid Implicit Neural Scene Representation23 Jun 2025
- 2024ULOC: Learning to Localize in Complex Large-Scale Environments with Ultra-Wideband Ranges17 Sep 2024
- 2024FAST-LIVO2: Fast, Direct LiDAR-Inertial-Visual Odometry26 Aug 2024
- 2024BeautyMap: Binary-Encoded Adaptable Ground Matrix for Dynamic Points Removal in Global Maps12 May 2024
- 2024Salient Sparse Visual Odometry With Pose-Only Supervision6 Apr 2024
12 newest of 27 All 27 (JSON)