A Melody-Unsupervision Model for Singing Voice Synthesis
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent studies in singing voice synthesis have achieved high-quality results leveraging advances in text-to-speech models based on deep neural networks. One of the main issues in training singing voice synthesis models is that they require melody and lyric labels to be temporally aligned with audio data. The temporal alignment is a time-exhausting manual work in preparing for the training data. To address the issue, we propose a melody-unsupervision model that requires only audio-and-lyrics pairs without temporal alignment in training time but generates singing voice audio given a melody and lyrics input in inference time. The proposed model is composed of a phoneme classifier and a singing voice generator jointly trained in an end-to-end manner. The model can be fine-tuned by adjusting the amount of supervision with temporally aligned melody labels. Through experiments in melody-unsupervision and semi-supervision settings, we compare the audio quality of synthesized singing voice. We also show that the proposed model is capable of being trained with speech audio and text labels but can generate singing voice in inference time.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Oct 2021.
Builds on
20 of 27 references.
References · 20
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8 more
- 2019Adversarially Trained End-to-end Korean Singing Voice Synthesis Systemcited by 22
- 2019Sequence-to-sequence Singing Synthesis Using the Feed-forward Transformercited by 17
- 2017A Neural Parametric Singing Synthesizercited by 14
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- 2020DurIAN-SC: Duration Informed Attention Network based Singing Voice Conversion Systemcited by 14
- 2019Singing voice synthesis based on convolutional neural networkscited by 7
- 2021N-Singer: A Non-Autoregressive Korean Singing Voice Synthesis System for Pronunciation Enhancementcited by 7
- 2019Disentangling Timbre and Singing Style with Multi-singer Singing Synthesis Systemcited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 3; 2024: 2; 2025: 2.
8 papers.
- 2023StyleSinger: Style Transfer for Out-of-Domain Singing Voice Synthesiscited by 21
- 2024TCSinger: Zero-Shot Singing Voice Synthesis with Style Transfer and Multi-Level Style Controlcited by 20
- 2023HiddenSinger: High-Quality Singing Voice Synthesis via Neural Audio Codec and Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 9
- 2025TCSinger 2: Customizable Multilingual Zero-shot Singing Voice Synthesiscited by 5
- 2025Versatile Framework for Song Generation with Prompt-based Controlcited by 4
- 2024MakeSinger: A Semi-Supervised Training Method for Data-Efficient Singing Voice Synthesis via Classifier-free Diffusion Guidancecited by 3
- 2022Karaoker: Alignment-free singing voice synthesis with speech training datacited by 1
- 2023Enhancing the vocal range of single-speaker singing voice synthesis with melody-unsupervised pre-trainingcited by 0
- 2025TCSinger 2: Customizable Multilingual Zero-shot Singing Voice Synthesis20 May 2025
- 2025Versatile Framework for Song Generation with Prompt-based Control27 Apr 2025
- 2024TCSinger: Zero-Shot Singing Voice Synthesis with Style Transfer and Multi-Level Style Control24 Sep 2024
- 2024MakeSinger: A Semi-Supervised Training Method for Data-Efficient Singing Voice Synthesis via Classifier-free Diffusion Guidance10 Jun 2024
- 2023StyleSinger: Style Transfer for Out-of-Domain Singing Voice Synthesis17 Dec 2023
- 2023Enhancing the vocal range of single-speaker singing voice synthesis with melody-unsupervised pre-training1 Sep 2023
- 2023HiddenSinger: High-Quality Singing Voice Synthesis via Neural Audio Codec and Latent Diffusion Models12 Jun 2023
- 2022Karaoker: Alignment-free singing voice synthesis with speech training data8 Apr 2022