Explainability-Aware One Point Attack for Point Cloud Neural Networks
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
With the proposition of neural networks for point clouds, deep learning has started to shine in the field of 3D object recognition while researchers have shown an increased interest to investigate the reliability of point cloud networks by adversarial attacks. However, most of the existing studies aim to deceive humans or defense algorithms, while the few that address the operation principles of the models themselves remain flawed in terms of critical point selection. In this work, we propose two adversarial methods: One Point Attack (OPA) and Critical Traversal Attack (CTA), which incorporate the explainability technologies and aim to explore the intrinsic operating principle of point cloud networks and their sensitivity against critical points perturbations. Our results show that popular point cloud networks can be deceived with almost 100% success rate by shifting only one point from the input instance. In addition, we show the interesting impact of different point attribution distributions on the adversarial robustness of point cloud networks. Finally, we discuss how our approaches facilitate the explainability study for point cloud networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first point-cloud-based adversarial approach concerning explainability. Our code is available at https://github.com/Explain3D/Exp-One-Point-Atk-PC.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Oct 2021.
Builds on
44 of 59 references.
References · 44
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
- 2014Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examplescited by 7,364
- 2017A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictionscited by 6,555
- 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,248
- 2013Intriguing properties of neural networkscited by 5,155
- 2016"Why Should I Trust You?": Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifiercited by 5,070
- 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,401
- 2017Axiomatic Attribution for Deep Networkscited by 3,384
- 2016Towards Evaluating the Robustness of Neural Networkscited by 2,998
- 2015ShapeNet: An Information-Rich 3D Model Repositorycited by 2,897
- 2013Deep Inside Convolutional Networks: Visualising Image Classification Models and Saliency Mapscited by 2,371
- 2018Dynamic Graph CNN for Learning on Point Cloudscited by 2,223
32 more
- 2016Adversarial examples in the physical worldcited by 1,769
- 2017Learning Important Features Through Propagating Activation Differencescited by 1,458
- 2015DeepFool: a simple and accurate method to fool deep neural networkscited by 1,318
- 2018Sanity Checks for Saliency Mapscited by 1,156
- 2017SmoothGrad: removing noise by adding noisecited by 1,109
- 2014Striving for Simplicity: The All Convolutional Netcited by 990
- 2016Practical Black-Box Attacks against Machine Learningcited by 903
- 2017One pixel attack for fooling deep neural networkscited by 582
- 2018Threat of Adversarial Attacks on Deep Learning in Computer Vision: A Surveycited by 460
- 2019Counterfactual Visual Explanationscited by 313
- 2020A Survey on the Explainability of Supervised Machine Learningcited by 227
- 2020Multi-Objective Counterfactual Explanationscited by 157
- 2018Generating 3D Adversarial Point Cloudscited by 144
- 2018PointCloud Saliency Mapscited by 112
- 2016Multifaceted Feature Visualization: Uncovering the Different Types of Features Learned By Each Neuron in Deep Neural Networkscited by 106
- 2019Extending Adversarial Attacks and Defenses to Deep 3D Point Cloud Classifierscited by 92
- 2019AdvPC: Transferable Adversarial Perturbations on 3D Point Cloudscited by 84
- 2020Good Counterfactuals and Where to Find Them: A Case-Based Technique for Generating Counterfactuals for Explainable AI (XAI)cited by 79
- 2019Understanding Neural Networks via Feature Visualization: A surveycited by 65
- 2019Adversarial Attack and Defense on Point Setscited by 63
- 2019Robustness of 3D Deep Learning in an Adversarial Settingcited by 55
- 2020LG-GAN: Label Guided Adversarial Network for Flexible Targeted Attack of Point Cloud-based Deep Networkscited by 55
- 2020On Isometry Robustness of Deep 3D Point Cloud Models under Adversarial Attackscited by 46
- 2020Minimal Adversarial Examples for Deep Learning on 3D Point Cloudscited by 41
- 2021PointBA: Towards Backdoor Attacks in 3D Point Cloudcited by 35
- 2016Gradients of Counterfactualscited by 31
- 20213D Adversarial Attacks Beyond Point Cloudcited by 26
- 2020Semantics and explanation: why counterfactual explanations produce adversarial examples in deep neural networkscited by 24
- 2020ShapeAdv: Generating Shape-Aware Adversarial 3D Point Cloudscited by 20
- 2021Surrogate Model-Based Explainability Methods for Point Cloud NNscited by 18
- 20203D Point Cloud Feature Explanations Using Gradient-Based Methodscited by 14
- 2020On Adversarial Robustness of 3D Point Cloud Classification under Adaptive Attackscited by 10
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 3; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
7 papers.
- 2023Adversarial Attacks and Defenses on 3D Point Cloud Classification: A Surveycited by 5
- 2023Robustifying Point Cloud Networks by Refocusingcited by 2
- 2024DAM: Diffusion Activation Maximization for 3D Global Explanationscited by 1
- 2024Flow AM: Generating Point Cloud Global Explanations by Latent Alignmentcited by 1
- 2024Adversarial 3D Virtual Patches using Integrated Gradientscited by 1
- 2025XAI for Point Cloud Data using Perturbations based on Meaningful Segmentationcited by 1
- 2026Explainability-Aware Frustum Attack: Exposing Structural Vulnerabilities in LiDAR-Based 3D Object Detectorscited by 0
- 2026Explainability-Aware Frustum Attack: Exposing Structural Vulnerabilities in LiDAR-Based 3D Object Detectors29 Jun 2026
- 2025XAI for Point Cloud Data using Perturbations based on Meaningful Segmentation29 Jul 2025
- 2024Adversarial 3D Virtual Patches using Integrated Gradients1 Jun 2024
- 2024Flow AM: Generating Point Cloud Global Explanations by Latent Alignment29 Apr 2024
- 2024DAM: Diffusion Activation Maximization for 3D Global Explanations26 Jan 2024
- 2023Robustifying Point Cloud Networks by Refocusing10 Aug 2023
- 2023Adversarial Attacks and Defenses on 3D Point Cloud Classification: A Survey1 Jul 2023