Weakly-supervised Text Classification Based on Keyword Graph
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Abstract (arXiv)
Weakly-supervised text classification has received much attention in recent years for it can alleviate the heavy burden of annotating massive data. Among them, keyword-driven methods are the mainstream where user-provided keywords are exploited to generate pseudo-labels for unlabeled texts. However, existing methods treat keywords independently, thus ignore the correlation among them, which should be useful if properly exploited. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called ClassKG to explore keyword-keyword correlation on keyword graph by GNN. Our framework is an iterative process. In each iteration, we first construct a keyword graph, so the task of assigning pseudo labels is transformed to annotating keyword subgraphs. To improve the annotation quality, we introduce a self-supervised task to pretrain a subgraph annotator, and then finetune it. With the pseudo labels generated by the subgraph annotator, we then train a text classifier to classify the unlabeled texts. Finally, we re-extract keywords from the classified texts. Extensive experiments on both long-text and short-text datasets show that our method substantially outperforms the existing ones
Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Oct 2021.
Builds on
23 of 41 references.
References · 23
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 8; 2023: 12; 2024: 3; 2025: 1.
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- 2022Zero-Shot Text Classification with Self-Trainingcited by 26
- 2024TELEClass: Taxonomy Enrichment and LLM-Enhanced Hierarchical Text Classification with Minimal Supervisioncited by 25
- 2021DP-SSL: Towards Robust Semi-supervised Learning with A Few Labeled Samplescited by 18
- 2023The ACL OCL Corpus: Advancing Open Science in Computational Linguisticscited by 16
- 2022Beyond Prompting: Making Pre-trained Language Models Better Zero-shot Learners by Clustering Representationscited by 11
- 2023Generation-driven Contrastive Self-training for Zero-shot Text Classification with Instruction-following LLMcited by 11
- 2022LogLG: Weakly Supervised Log Anomaly Detection via Log-Event Graph Constructioncited by 8
- 2025A Survey on Retrieval And Structuring Augmented Generation with Large Language Modelscited by 8
- 2022EPiDA: An Easy Plug-in Data Augmentation Framework for High Performance Text Classificationcited by 7
- 2023A Benchmark on Extremely Weakly Supervised Text Classification: Reconcile Seed Matching and Prompting Approachescited by 6
- 2023PIEClass: Weakly-Supervised Text Classification with Prompting and Noise-Robust Iterative Ensemble Trainingcited by 6
- 2022Graph Learning and Its Advancements on Large Language Models: A Holistic Surveycited by 4
13 more
- 2023MEGClass: Extremely Weakly Supervised Text Classification via Mutually-Enhancing Text Granularitiescited by 4
- 2023Weakly Supervised Multi-Label Classification of Full-Text Scientific Paperscited by 4
- 2023Less than One-shot: Named Entity Recognition via Extremely Weak Supervisioncited by 4
- 2023Debiasing Made State-of-the-art: Revisiting the Simple Seed-based Weak Supervision for Text Classificationcited by 3
- 2023XAI-CLASS: Explanation-Enhanced Text Classification with Extremely Weak Supervisioncited by 3
- 2023CELDA: Leveraging Black-box Language Model as Enhanced Classifier without Labelscited by 2
- 2024RulePrompt: Weakly Supervised Text Classification with Prompting PLMs and Self-Iterative Logical Rulescited by 2
- 2022Are We Really Making Much Progress in Text Classification? A Comparative Reviewcited by 1
- 2022Low-resource Personal Attribute Prediction from Conversationcited by 1
- 2022FastClass: A Time-Efficient Approach to Weakly-Supervised Text Classificationcited by 1
- 2023Weakly Supervised Text Classification on Free Text Comments in Patient-Reported Outcome Measurescited by 1
- 2023Substituting Data Annotation with Balanced Updates and Collective Loss in Multi-label Text Classificationcited by 0
- 2024CrossTune: Black-Box Few-Shot Classification with Label Enhancementcited by 0
- 2025A Survey on Retrieval And Structuring Augmented Generation with Large Language Models12 Sep 2025
- 2024CrossTune: Black-Box Few-Shot Classification with Label Enhancement19 Mar 2024
- 2024RulePrompt: Weakly Supervised Text Classification with Prompting PLMs and Self-Iterative Logical Rules5 Mar 2024
- 2024TELEClass: Taxonomy Enrichment and LLM-Enhanced Hierarchical Text Classification with Minimal Supervision29 Feb 2024
- 2023Less than One-shot: Named Entity Recognition via Extremely Weak Supervision6 Nov 2023
- 2023XAI-CLASS: Explanation-Enhanced Text Classification with Extremely Weak Supervision31 Oct 2023
- 2023Substituting Data Annotation with Balanced Updates and Collective Loss in Multi-label Text Classification24 Sep 2023
- 2023Weakly Supervised Text Classification on Free Text Comments in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures11 Aug 2023
- 2023Weakly Supervised Multi-Label Classification of Full-Text Scientific Papers24 Jun 2023
- 2023CELDA: Leveraging Black-box Language Model as Enhanced Classifier without Labels5 Jun 2023
- 2023The ACL OCL Corpus: Advancing Open Science in Computational Linguistics24 May 2023
- 2023Debiasing Made State-of-the-art: Revisiting the Simple Seed-based Weak Supervision for Text Classification24 May 2023
13 more
- 2023PIEClass: Weakly-Supervised Text Classification with Prompting and Noise-Robust Iterative Ensemble Training23 May 2023
- 2023A Benchmark on Extremely Weakly Supervised Text Classification: Reconcile Seed Matching and Prompting Approaches22 May 2023
- 2023Generation-driven Contrastive Self-training for Zero-shot Text Classification with Instruction-following LLM24 Apr 2023
- 2023MEGClass: Extremely Weakly Supervised Text Classification via Mutually-Enhancing Text Granularities4 Apr 2023
- 2022Graph Learning and Its Advancements on Large Language Models: A Holistic Survey17 Dec 2022
- 2022FastClass: A Time-Efficient Approach to Weakly-Supervised Text Classification11 Dec 2022
- 2022Low-resource Personal Attribute Prediction from Conversation28 Nov 2022
- 2022Zero-Shot Text Classification with Self-Training31 Oct 2022
- 2022Beyond Prompting: Making Pre-trained Language Models Better Zero-shot Learners by Clustering Representations29 Oct 2022
- 2022LogLG: Weakly Supervised Log Anomaly Detection via Log-Event Graph Construction23 Aug 2022
- 2022EPiDA: An Easy Plug-in Data Augmentation Framework for High Performance Text Classification24 Apr 2022
- 2022Are We Really Making Much Progress in Text Classification? A Comparative Review8 Apr 2022
- 2021DP-SSL: Towards Robust Semi-supervised Learning with A Few Labeled Samples26 Oct 2021
- 2024TELEClass: Taxonomy Enrichment and LLM-Enhanced Hierarchical Text Classification with Minimal Supervisioncited by 25
- 2021DP-SSL: Towards Robust Semi-supervised Learning with A Few Labeled Samplescited by 18
- 2023The ACL OCL Corpus: Advancing Open Science in Computational Linguisticscited by 16
- 2022Beyond Prompting: Making Pre-trained Language Models Better Zero-shot Learners by Clustering Representationscited by 11
- 2022LogLG: Weakly Supervised Log Anomaly Detection via Log-Event Graph Constructioncited by 8
- 2025A Survey on Retrieval And Structuring Augmented Generation with Large Language Modelscited by 8
- 2022EPiDA: An Easy Plug-in Data Augmentation Framework for High Performance Text Classificationcited by 7
- 2023A Benchmark on Extremely Weakly Supervised Text Classification: Reconcile Seed Matching and Prompting Approachescited by 6
- 2023PIEClass: Weakly-Supervised Text Classification with Prompting and Noise-Robust Iterative Ensemble Trainingcited by 6
- 2022Graph Learning and Its Advancements on Large Language Models: A Holistic Surveycited by 4
- 2023MEGClass: Extremely Weakly Supervised Text Classification via Mutually-Enhancing Text Granularitiescited by 4
- 2023Weakly Supervised Multi-Label Classification of Full-Text Scientific Paperscited by 4
12 most cited of 23 All 23 (JSON)
- 2025A Survey on Retrieval And Structuring Augmented Generation with Large Language Models12 Sep 2025
- 2024CrossTune: Black-Box Few-Shot Classification with Label Enhancement19 Mar 2024
- 2024RulePrompt: Weakly Supervised Text Classification with Prompting PLMs and Self-Iterative Logical Rules5 Mar 2024
- 2024TELEClass: Taxonomy Enrichment and LLM-Enhanced Hierarchical Text Classification with Minimal Supervision29 Feb 2024
- 2023Less than One-shot: Named Entity Recognition via Extremely Weak Supervision6 Nov 2023
- 2023XAI-CLASS: Explanation-Enhanced Text Classification with Extremely Weak Supervision31 Oct 2023
- 2023Substituting Data Annotation with Balanced Updates and Collective Loss in Multi-label Text Classification24 Sep 2023
- 2023Weakly Supervised Text Classification on Free Text Comments in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures11 Aug 2023
- 2023Weakly Supervised Multi-Label Classification of Full-Text Scientific Papers24 Jun 2023
- 2023CELDA: Leveraging Black-box Language Model as Enhanced Classifier without Labels5 Jun 2023
- 2023The ACL OCL Corpus: Advancing Open Science in Computational Linguistics24 May 2023
- 2023Debiasing Made State-of-the-art: Revisiting the Simple Seed-based Weak Supervision for Text Classification24 May 2023
12 newest of 23 All 23 (JSON)