mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Weakly-supervised Text Classification Based on Keyword Graph

arXiv 2110.02591 ↗First posted 6 Oct 2021cs.CLcited by 25

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Weakly-supervised text classification has received much attention in recent years for it can alleviate the heavy burden of annotating massive data. Among them, keyword-driven methods are the mainstream where user-provided keywords are exploited to generate pseudo-labels for unlabeled texts. However, existing methods treat keywords independently, thus ignore the correlation among them, which should be useful if properly exploited. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called ClassKG to explore keyword-keyword correlation on keyword graph by GNN. Our framework is an iterative process. In each iteration, we first construct a keyword graph, so the task of assigning pseudo labels is transformed to annotating keyword subgraphs. To improve the annotation quality, we introduce a self-supervised task to pretrain a subgraph annotator, and then finetune it. With the pseudo labels generated by the subgraph annotator, we then train a text classifier to classify the unlabeled texts. Finally, we re-extract keywords from the classified texts. Extensive experiments on both long-text and short-text datasets show that our method substantially outperforms the existing ones

Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Oct 2021.

Builds on

23 of 41 references.

References · 23

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2016Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 11,282
  3. 2017Graph Attention Networkscited by 8,854
  4. 2019Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learningcited by 7,482
  5. 2019BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehensioncited by 5,874
  6. 2018How Powerful are Graph Neural Networks?cited by 4,355
  7. 2013Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Spacecited by 4,346
  8. 2020Longformer: The Long-Document Transformercited by 3,362
  9. 2019ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representationscited by 2,772
  10. 2015Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classificationcited by 2,293
  11. 2016Context Encoders: Feature Learning by Inpaintingcited by 1,424
  12. 2016Unsupervised Learning of Visual Representations by Solving Jigsaw Puzzlescited by 1,379
11 more
  1. 2019Strategies for Pre-training Graph Neural Networkscited by 964
  2. 2020GCC: Graph Contrastive Coding for Graph Neural Network Pre-Trainingcited by 461
  3. 2020GPT-GNN: Generative Pre-Training of Graph Neural Networkscited by 302
  4. 2019Benchmarking Zero-shot Text Classification: Datasets, Evaluation and Entailment Approachcited by 299
  5. 2016Data Programming: Creating Large Training Sets, Quicklycited by 246
  6. 2020Sub-graph Contrast for Scalable Self-Supervised Graph Representation Learningcited by 90
  7. 2018Weakly-Supervised Neural Text Classificationcited by 66
  8. 2020X-Class: Text Classification with Extremely Weak Supervisioncited by 45
  9. 2018Weakly-Supervised Hierarchical Text Classificationcited by 42
  10. 2020Learning with Weak Supervision for Email Intent Detectioncited by 17
  11. 2017Multilingual Hierarchical Attention Networks for Document Classificationcited by 9

Built on by

Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 8; 2023: 12; 2024: 3; 2025: 1.

25 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2022Zero-Shot Text Classification with Self-Trainingcited by 26
  2. 2024TELEClass: Taxonomy Enrichment and LLM-Enhanced Hierarchical Text Classification with Minimal Supervisioncited by 25
  3. 2021DP-SSL: Towards Robust Semi-supervised Learning with A Few Labeled Samplescited by 18
  4. 2023The ACL OCL Corpus: Advancing Open Science in Computational Linguisticscited by 16
  5. 2022Beyond Prompting: Making Pre-trained Language Models Better Zero-shot Learners by Clustering Representationscited by 11
  6. 2023Generation-driven Contrastive Self-training for Zero-shot Text Classification with Instruction-following LLMcited by 11
  7. 2022LogLG: Weakly Supervised Log Anomaly Detection via Log-Event Graph Constructioncited by 8
  8. 2025A Survey on Retrieval And Structuring Augmented Generation with Large Language Modelscited by 8
  9. 2022EPiDA: An Easy Plug-in Data Augmentation Framework for High Performance Text Classificationcited by 7
  10. 2023A Benchmark on Extremely Weakly Supervised Text Classification: Reconcile Seed Matching and Prompting Approachescited by 6
  11. 2023PIEClass: Weakly-Supervised Text Classification with Prompting and Noise-Robust Iterative Ensemble Trainingcited by 6
  12. 2022Graph Learning and Its Advancements on Large Language Models: A Holistic Surveycited by 4
13 more
  1. 2023MEGClass: Extremely Weakly Supervised Text Classification via Mutually-Enhancing Text Granularitiescited by 4
  2. 2023Weakly Supervised Multi-Label Classification of Full-Text Scientific Paperscited by 4
  3. 2023Less than One-shot: Named Entity Recognition via Extremely Weak Supervisioncited by 4
  4. 2023Debiasing Made State-of-the-art: Revisiting the Simple Seed-based Weak Supervision for Text Classificationcited by 3
  5. 2023XAI-CLASS: Explanation-Enhanced Text Classification with Extremely Weak Supervisioncited by 3
  6. 2023CELDA: Leveraging Black-box Language Model as Enhanced Classifier without Labelscited by 2
  7. 2024RulePrompt: Weakly Supervised Text Classification with Prompting PLMs and Self-Iterative Logical Rulescited by 2
  8. 2022Are We Really Making Much Progress in Text Classification? A Comparative Reviewcited by 1
  9. 2022Low-resource Personal Attribute Prediction from Conversationcited by 1
  10. 2022FastClass: A Time-Efficient Approach to Weakly-Supervised Text Classificationcited by 1
  11. 2023Weakly Supervised Text Classification on Free Text Comments in Patient-Reported Outcome Measurescited by 1
  12. 2023Substituting Data Annotation with Balanced Updates and Collective Loss in Multi-label Text Classificationcited by 0
  13. 2024CrossTune: Black-Box Few-Shot Classification with Label Enhancementcited by 0