Logic Traps in Evaluating Attribution Scores
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Abstract (arXiv)
Modern deep learning models are notoriously opaque, which has motivated the development of methods for interpreting how deep models predict. This goal is usually approached with attribution method, which assesses the influence of features on model predictions. As an explanation method, the evaluation criteria of attribution methods is how accurately it re-reflects the actual reasoning process of the model (faithfulness). Meanwhile, since the reasoning process of deep models is inaccessible, researchers design various evaluation methods to demonstrate their arguments. However, some crucial logic traps in these evaluation methods are ignored in most works, causing inaccurate evaluation and unfair comparison. This paper systematically reviews existing methods for evaluating attribution scores and summarizes the logic traps in these methods. We further conduct experiments to demonstrate the existence of each logic trap. Through both the theoretical and experimental analysis, we hope to increase attention on the inaccurate evaluation of attribution scores. Moreover, with this paper, we suggest stopping focusing on improving performance under unreliable evaluation systems and starting efforts on reducing the impact of proposed logic traps
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Sep 2021.
Builds on
39 of 56 references.
References · 39
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 3; 2024: 8; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
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- 2022Towards Faithful Model Explanation in NLP: A Surveycited by 129
- 2024F-Fidelity: A Robust Framework for Faithfulness Evaluation of Explainable AIcited by 17
- 2023Towards Explainable Evaluation Metrics for Machine Translationcited by 15
- 2023Incorporating Attribution Importance for Improving Faithfulness Metricscited by 14
- 2025Why and How LLMs Hallucinate: Connecting the Dots with Subsequence Associationscited by 14
- 2022The Solvability of Interpretability Evaluation Metricscited by 11
- 2024Normalized AOPC: Fixing Misleading Faithfulness Metrics for Feature Attribution Explainabilitycited by 10
- 2022Analyzing Explainer Robustness via Probabilistic Lipschitzness of Prediction Functionscited by 6
- 2023Towards Faithful Explanations for Text Classification with Robustness Improvement and Explanation Guided Trainingcited by 4
- 2024Investigating the Impact of Model Instability on Explanations and Uncertaintycited by 3
- 2024Explanations that reveal all through the definition of encodingcited by 3
- 2024Faithfulness and the Notion of Adversarial Sensitivity in NLP Explanationscited by 2
6 more
- 2025Attribution Explanations for Deep Neural Networks: A Theoretical Perspectivecited by 2
- 2022Generating Hierarchical Explanations on Text Classification Without Connecting Rulescited by 1
- 2024Advancing Attribution-Based Neural Network Explainability through Relative Absolute Magnitude Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation and Multi-Component Evaluationcited by 1
- 2024Reconciling Privacy and Explainability in High-Stakes: A Systematic Inquirycited by 1
- 2024Saliency Methods are Encoders: Analysing Logical Relations Towards Interpretationcited by 0
- 2026Measuring Explainer Stability via Attribution Separabilitycited by 0
- 2026Measuring Explainer Stability via Attribution Separability3 Aug 2026
- 2025Attribution Explanations for Deep Neural Networks: A Theoretical Perspective11 Aug 2025
- 2025Why and How LLMs Hallucinate: Connecting the Dots with Subsequence Associations17 Apr 2025
- 2024Reconciling Privacy and Explainability in High-Stakes: A Systematic Inquiry30 Dec 2024
- 2024Saliency Methods are Encoders: Analysing Logical Relations Towards Interpretation17 Dec 2024
- 2024Advancing Attribution-Based Neural Network Explainability through Relative Absolute Magnitude Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation and Multi-Component Evaluation12 Dec 2024
- 2024Explanations that reveal all through the definition of encoding4 Nov 2024
- 2024F-Fidelity: A Robust Framework for Faithfulness Evaluation of Explainable AI3 Oct 2024
- 2024Faithfulness and the Notion of Adversarial Sensitivity in NLP Explanations26 Sep 2024
- 2024Normalized AOPC: Fixing Misleading Faithfulness Metrics for Feature Attribution Explainability15 Aug 2024
- 2024Investigating the Impact of Model Instability on Explanations and Uncertainty20 Feb 2024
- 2023Towards Faithful Explanations for Text Classification with Robustness Improvement and Explanation Guided Training29 Dec 2023
6 more
- 2023Towards Explainable Evaluation Metrics for Machine Translation22 Jun 2023
- 2023Incorporating Attribution Importance for Improving Faithfulness Metrics17 May 2023
- 2022Generating Hierarchical Explanations on Text Classification Without Connecting Rules24 Oct 2022
- 2022Towards Faithful Model Explanation in NLP: A Survey22 Sep 2022
- 2022Analyzing Explainer Robustness via Probabilistic Lipschitzness of Prediction Functions24 Jun 2022
- 2022The Solvability of Interpretability Evaluation Metrics18 May 2022
- 2022Towards Faithful Model Explanation in NLP: A Surveycited by 129
- 2024F-Fidelity: A Robust Framework for Faithfulness Evaluation of Explainable AIcited by 17
- 2023Towards Explainable Evaluation Metrics for Machine Translationcited by 15
- 2025Why and How LLMs Hallucinate: Connecting the Dots with Subsequence Associationscited by 14
- 2022The Solvability of Interpretability Evaluation Metricscited by 11
- 2024Normalized AOPC: Fixing Misleading Faithfulness Metrics for Feature Attribution Explainabilitycited by 10
- 2022Analyzing Explainer Robustness via Probabilistic Lipschitzness of Prediction Functionscited by 6
- 2023Towards Faithful Explanations for Text Classification with Robustness Improvement and Explanation Guided Trainingcited by 4
- 2024Investigating the Impact of Model Instability on Explanations and Uncertaintycited by 3
- 2024Explanations that reveal all through the definition of encodingcited by 3
- 2024Faithfulness and the Notion of Adversarial Sensitivity in NLP Explanationscited by 2
- 2025Attribution Explanations for Deep Neural Networks: A Theoretical Perspectivecited by 2
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026Measuring Explainer Stability via Attribution Separability3 Aug 2026
- 2025Attribution Explanations for Deep Neural Networks: A Theoretical Perspective11 Aug 2025
- 2025Why and How LLMs Hallucinate: Connecting the Dots with Subsequence Associations17 Apr 2025
- 2024Reconciling Privacy and Explainability in High-Stakes: A Systematic Inquiry30 Dec 2024
- 2024Saliency Methods are Encoders: Analysing Logical Relations Towards Interpretation17 Dec 2024
- 2024Advancing Attribution-Based Neural Network Explainability through Relative Absolute Magnitude Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation and Multi-Component Evaluation12 Dec 2024
- 2024Explanations that reveal all through the definition of encoding4 Nov 2024
- 2024F-Fidelity: A Robust Framework for Faithfulness Evaluation of Explainable AI3 Oct 2024
- 2024Faithfulness and the Notion of Adversarial Sensitivity in NLP Explanations26 Sep 2024
- 2024Normalized AOPC: Fixing Misleading Faithfulness Metrics for Feature Attribution Explainability15 Aug 2024
- 2024Investigating the Impact of Model Instability on Explanations and Uncertainty20 Feb 2024
- 2023Towards Faithful Explanations for Text Classification with Robustness Improvement and Explanation Guided Training29 Dec 2023
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)