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Math Word Problem Generation with Mathematical Consistency and Problem Context Constraints

arXiv 2109.04546 ↗First posted 9 Sep 2021cs.CLcited by 27

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Abstract (arXiv)

We study the problem of generating arithmetic math word problems (MWPs) given a math equation that specifies the mathematical computation and a context that specifies the problem scenario. Existing approaches are prone to generating MWPs that are either mathematically invalid or have unsatisfactory language quality. They also either ignore the context or require manual specification of a problem template, which compromises the diversity of the generated MWPs. In this paper, we develop a novel MWP generation approach that leverages i) pre-trained language models and a context keyword selection model to improve the language quality of the generated MWPs and ii) an equation consistency constraint for math equations to improve the mathematical validity of the generated MWPs. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments on three real-world MWP datasets demonstrate the superior performance of our approach compared to various baselines.

Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 73 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Sep 2021.

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28 of 73 references.

References · 28

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16 more
  1. 2018Tree-to-tree Neural Networks for Program Translationcited by 93
  2. 2018Translating a Math Word Problem to an Expression Treecited by 57
  3. 2020Exploring Controllable Text Generation Techniquescited by 55
  4. 2018Disentangling Factors of Variation with Cycle-Consistent Variational Auto-Encoderscited by 49
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  6. 2016GANS for Sequences of Discrete Elements with the Gumbel-softmax Distributioncited by 47
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 8; 2024: 8; 2025: 8; 2026: 2.

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  1. 2024Large Language Models for Mathematical Reasoning: Progresses and Challengescited by 283
  2. 2023Adaptive and Personalized Exercise Generation for Online Language Learningcited by 18
  3. 2023Learning by Analogy: Diverse Questions Generation in Math Word Problemcited by 18
  4. 2024Improving Socratic Question Generation using Data Augmentation and Preference Optimizationcited by 15
  5. 2024Exploring Automated Distractor Generation for Math Multiple-choice Questions via Large Language Modelscited by 15
  6. 2023Tree-Based Representation and Generation of Natural and Mathematical Languagecited by 12
  7. 2023Improving Reading Comprehension Question Generation with Data Augmentation and Overgenerate-and-rankcited by 12
  8. 2024cPAPERS: A Dataset of Situated and Multimodal Interactive Conversations in Scientific Paperscited by 10
  9. 2023ChatGPT as a Math Questioner? Evaluating ChatGPT on Generating Pre-university Math Questionscited by 8
  10. 2024MATHWELL: Generating Educational Math Word Problems Using Teacher Annotationscited by 7
  11. 2024Solving for X and Beyond: Can Large Language Models Solve Complex Math Problems with More-Than-Two Unknowns?cited by 7
  12. 2023MultiQG-TI: Towards Question Generation from Multi-modal Sourcescited by 6
15 more
  1. 2023Diversifying Question Generation over Knowledge Base via External Natural Questionscited by 6
  2. 2024SGSH: Stimulate Large Language Models with Skeleton Heuristics for Knowledge Base Question Generationcited by 6
  3. 2023Proactive and Reactive Engagement of Artificial Intelligence Methods for Education: A Reviewcited by 5
  4. 2025Multi-Agent Collaborative Framework For Math Problem Generationcited by 5
  5. 2024Synthetic Context Generation for Question Generationcited by 4
  6. 2025From Objectives to Questions: A Planning-based Framework for Educational Mathematical Question Generationcited by 3
  7. 2025Enhancing Diversity of LLM-Generated Educational Taskscited by 2
  8. 2022DISK: Domain-constrained Instance Sketch for Math Word Problem Generationcited by 1
  9. 2025Towards Generating Controllable and Solvable Geometry Problem by Leveraging Symbolic Deduction Enginecited by 1
  10. 2025EDUMATH: Generating Standards-aligned Educational Math Word Problemscited by 1
  11. 2025Elementary Math Word Problem Generation using Large Language Modelscited by 0
  12. 2025Computational Blueprints: Generating Isomorphic Mathematics Problems with Large Language Modelscited by 0
  13. 2025EduAgentQG: Multi-Agent Personalized Mathematics Question Generation with Explicit Diversity and Objective-Aware Evaluationcited by 0
  14. 2026A self-evolving multi-role collaborative framework with fine-grained difficulty guidance for innovative mathematical problem generationcited by 0
  15. 2026Agentic Retrieval and Reinforcement Learned Equation Chains: A Controlled Generation Framework for Complex and Novel Physics Word Problemscited by 0