mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Identifying Morality Frames in Political Tweets using Relational Learning

arXiv 2109.04535 ↗First posted 9 Sep 2021cs.CL cs.AI cs.CYcited by 26

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Extracting moral sentiment from text is a vital component in understanding public opinion, social movements, and policy decisions. The Moral Foundation Theory identifies five moral foundations, each associated with a positive and negative polarity. However, moral sentiment is often motivated by its targets, which can correspond to individuals or collective entities. In this paper, we introduce morality frames, a representation framework for organizing moral attitudes directed at different entities, and come up with a novel and high-quality annotated dataset of tweets written by US politicians. Then, we propose a relational learning model to predict moral attitudes towards entities and moral foundations jointly. We do qualitative and quantitative evaluations, showing that moral sentiment towards entities differs highly across political ideologies.

Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Sep 2021.

Builds on

21 of 56 references.

References · 21

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2020Don't Stop Pretraining: Adapt Language Models to Domains and Taskscited by 1,548
  3. 2016Neural Architectures for Named Entity Recognitioncited by 548
  4. 2015Bidirectional LSTM-CRF Models for Sequence Taggingcited by 544
  5. 2016End-to-end Sequence Labeling via Bi-directional LSTM-CNNs-CRFcited by 341
  6. 2019In Plain Sight: Media Bias Through the Lens of Factual Reportingcited by 68
  7. 2019Analyzing Polarization in Social Media: Method and Application to Tweets on 21 Mass Shootingscited by 67
  8. 2015Hinge-Loss Markov Random Fields and Probabilistic Soft Logiccited by 63
  9. 2019Joint Event and Temporal Relation Extraction with Shared Representations and Structured Predictioncited by 52
  10. 2018Framing and Agenda-setting in Russian News: a Computational Analysis of Intricate Political Strategiescited by 47
  11. 2017Argument Mining with Structured SVMs and RNNscited by 37
  12. 2020Weakly Supervised Learning of Nuanced Frames for Analyzing Polarization in News Mediacited by 27
9 more
  1. 2016Globally Normalized Transition-Based Neural Networkscited by 26
  2. 2017Acquiring Background Knowledge to Improve Moral Value Predictioncited by 22
  3. 2020Modeling Content and Context with Deep Relational Learningcited by 16
  4. 2015Structured Training for Neural Network Transition-Based Parsingcited by 11
  5. 2019Entity-Centric Contextual Affective Analysiscited by 11
  6. 2020Text-based inference of moral sentiment changecited by 11
  7. 2020Multilingual Contextual Affective Analysis of LGBT People Portrayals in Wikipediacited by 9
  8. 2018Hierarchical Structured Model for Fine-to-coarse Manifesto Text Analysiscited by 5
  9. 2021Randomized Deep Structured Prediction for Discourse-Level Processingcited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 5; 2024: 7; 2025: 7; 2026: 2.

26 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2022Probing Pre-Trained Language Models for Cross-Cultural Differences in Valuescited by 147
  2. 2022A Holistic Framework for Analyzing the COVID-19 Vaccine Debatecited by 18
  3. 2023Interactive Concept Learning for Uncovering Latent Themes in Large Text Collectionscited by 15
  4. 2025Are Rules Meant to be Broken? Understanding Multilingual Moral Reasoning as a Computational Pipeline with UniMoralcited by 14
  5. 2023Values, Ethics, Morals? On the Use of Moral Concepts in NLP Researchcited by 13
  6. 2022Learning to Adapt Domain Shifts of Moral Values via Instance Weightingcited by 11
  7. 2022Challenges and Opportunities in Information Manipulation Detection: An Examination of Wartime Russian Mediacited by 10
  8. 2022Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Campaign on Facebook using Minimal Supervisioncited by 9
  9. 2023MOKA: Moral Knowledge Augmentation for Moral Event Extractioncited by 7
  10. 2023Towards Few-Shot Identification of Morality Frames using In-Context Learningcited by 6
  11. 2024EMONA: Event-level Moral Opinions in News Articlescited by 5
  12. 2024Defining and Detecting Vulnerability in Human Evaluation Guidelines: A Preliminary Study Towards Reliable NLG Evaluationcited by 5
14 more
  1. 2023"A Tale of Two Movements": Identifying and Comparing Perspectives in #BlackLivesMatter and #BlueLivesMatter Movements-related Tweets using Weakly Supervised Graph-based Structured Predictioncited by 4
  2. 2025Talking Point based Ideological Discourse Analysis in News Eventscited by 4
  3. 2024Beyond Dataset Creation: Critical View of Annotation Variation and Bias Probing of a Dataset for Online Radical Content Detectioncited by 3
  4. 2024Framing in the Presence of Supporting Data: A Case Study in U.S. Economic Newscited by 2
  5. 2024Facilitating Opinion Diversity through Hybrid NLP Approachescited by 2
  6. 2025The Moralization Corpus: Frame-Based Annotation and Analysis of Moralizing Speech Acts across Diverse Text Genrescited by 2
  7. 2025Can LLMs Assist Annotators in Identifying Morality Frames? -- Case Study on Vaccination Debate on Social Mediacited by 1
  8. 2025News is More than a Collection of Facts: Moral Frame Preserving News Summarizationcited by 1
  9. 2025Mapping the Course for Prompt-based Structured Predictioncited by 1
  10. 2025Iterative Topic Taxonomy Induction with LLMs: A Case Study of Electoral Advertisingcited by 1
  11. 2026Structuring the Space of Perspectivescited by 1
  12. 2024Effects of Collaboration on the Performance of Interactive Theme Discovery Systemscited by 0
  13. 2024Paired Completion: Flexible Quantification of Issue-framing at Scale with LLMscited by 0
  14. 2026Discourse-Aware Policy Analysis with Argumentation: A Hybrid LLM-Symbolic Framework for Disaster Governancecited by 0