CREAK: A Dataset for Commonsense Reasoning over Entity Knowledge
Not on the map. Why?
Cited by 35 in LLM reasoning, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.
Abstract (arXiv)
Most benchmark datasets targeting commonsense reasoning focus on everyday scenarios: physical knowledge like knowing that you could fill a cup under a waterfall [Talmor et al., 2019], social knowledge like bumping into someone is awkward [Sap et al., 2019], and other generic situations. However, there is a rich space of commonsense inferences anchored to knowledge about specific entities: for example, deciding the truthfulness of a claim "Harry Potter can teach classes on how to fly on a broomstick." Can models learn to combine entity knowledge with commonsense reasoning in this fashion? We introduce CREAK, a testbed for commonsense reasoning about entity knowledge, bridging fact-checking about entities (Harry Potter is a wizard and is skilled at riding a broomstick) with commonsense inferences (if you're good at a skill you can teach others how to do it). Our dataset consists of 13k human-authored English claims about entities that are either true or false, in addition to a small contrast set. Crowdworkers can easily come up with these statements and human performance on the dataset is high (high 90s); we argue that models should be able to blend entity knowledge and commonsense reasoning to do well here. In our experiments, we focus on the closed-book setting and observe that a baseline model finetuned on existing fact verification benchmark struggles on CREAK. Training a model on CREAK improves accuracy by a substantial margin, but still falls short of human performance. Our benchmark provides a unique probe into natural language understanding models, testing both its ability to retrieve facts (e.g., who teaches at the University of Chicago?) and unstated commonsense knowledge (e.g., butlers do not yell at guests).
Key facts. Cited by 88 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 33 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Sep 2021.
Builds on
33 of 45 references.
References · 33
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
- 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,018
- 2020Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 3,779
- 2019BoolQ: Exploring the Surprising Difficulty of Natural Yes/No Questionscited by 2,140
- 2019Language Models as Knowledge Bases?cited by 1,922
- 2018CommonsenseQA: A Question Answering Challenge Targeting Commonsense Knowledgecited by 1,793
- 2018FEVER: a large-scale dataset for Fact Extraction and VERificationcited by 1,362
- 2019Adversarial NLI: A New Benchmark for Natural Language Understandingcited by 798
- 2021Did Aristotle Use a Laptop? A Question Answering Benchmark with Implicit Reasoning Strategiescited by 736
- 2018Annotation Artifacts in Natural Language Inference Datacited by 656
- 2020KILT: a Benchmark for Knowledge Intensive Language Taskscited by 571
21 more
- 2019ELI5: Long Form Question Answeringcited by 567
- 2019Learning the Difference that Makes a Difference with Counterfactually-Augmented Datacited by 428
- 2020Dataset Cartography: Mapping and Diagnosing Datasets with Training Dynamicscited by 423
- 2020AmbigQA: Answering Ambiguous Open-domain Questionscited by 385
- 2017"Liar, Liar Pants on Fire": A New Benchmark Dataset for Fake News Detectioncited by 361
- 2018SWAG: A Large-Scale Adversarial Dataset for Grounded Commonsense Inferencecited by 333
- 2018Hypothesis Only Baselines in Natural Language Inferencecited by 291
- 2021What Will it Take to Fix Benchmarking in Natural Language Understanding?cited by 200
- 2019Are We Modeling the Task or the Annotator? An Investigation of Annotator Bias in Natural Language Understanding Datasetscited by 173
- 2020Adversarial Filters of Dataset Biasescited by 159
- 2020Birds have four legs?! NumerSense: Probing Numerical Commonsense Knowledge of Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 110
- 2020Entities as Experts: Sparse Memory Access with Entity Supervisioncited by 100
- 2021UNICORN on RAINBOW: A Universal Commonsense Reasoning Model on a New Multitask Benchmarkcited by 98
- 2021Competency Problems: On Finding and Removing Artifacts in Language Datacited by 91
- 2021Fool Me Twice: Entailment from Wikipedia Gamificationcited by 50
- 2021FaVIQ: FAct Verification from Information-seeking Questionscited by 36
- 2020Differentiable Open-Ended Commonsense Reasoningcited by 29
- 2017Verb Physics: Relative Physical Knowledge of Actions and Objectscited by 26
- 2018Modeling Semantic Plausibility by Injecting World Knowledgecited by 24
- 2021What Ingredients Make for an Effective Crowdsourcing Protocol for Difficult NLU Data Collection Tasks?cited by 23
- 2020Interpretable Entity Representations through Large-Scale Typingcited by 19
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 9; 2023: 28; 2024: 29; 2025: 16; 2026: 6.
88 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 2,997
- 2023The Geometry of Truth: Emergent Linear Structure in Large Language Model Representations of True/False Datasetscited by 673
- 2024Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Surveycited by 320
- 2022OPT-IML: Scaling Language Model Instruction Meta Learning through the Lens of Generalizationcited by 235
- 2023Think-on-Graph: Deep and Responsible Reasoning of Large Language Model on Knowledge Graphcited by 235
- 2022Maieutic Prompting: Logically Consistent Reasoning with Recursive Explanationscited by 159
- 2023Explore, Establish, Exploit: Red Teaming Language Models from Scratchcited by 111
- 2023The CoT Collection: Improving Zero-shot and Few-shot Learning of Language Models via Chain-of-Thought Fine-Tuningcited by 106
- 2023SCOTT: Self-Consistent Chain-of-Thought Distillationcited by 103
- 2024The Art of Saying No: Contextual Noncompliance in Language Modelscited by 100
- 2023Can ChatGPT Defend its Belief in Truth? Evaluating LLM Reasoning via Debatecited by 92
- 2024MEDEC: A Benchmark for Medical Error Detection and Correction in Clinical Notescited by 77
38 more
- 2024Can LLMs Learn from Previous Mistakes? Investigating LLMs' Errors to Boost for Reasoningcited by 69
- 2024Think-on-Graph 2.0: Deep and Faithful Large Language Model Reasoning with Knowledge-guided Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 63
- 2023Cognitive Dissonance: Why Do Language Model Outputs Disagree with Internal Representations of Truthfulness?cited by 62
- 2023Natural Language Reasoning, A Surveycited by 61
- 2025The MASK Benchmark: Disentangling Honesty From Accuracy in AI Systemscited by 57
- 2022Entity Cloze By Date: What LMs Know About Unseen Entitiescited by 55
- 2024Survey on Knowledge Distillation for Large Language Models: Methods, Evaluation, and Applicationcited by 55
- 2024A Survey of Prompt Engineering Methods in Large Language Models for Different NLP Taskscited by 46
- 2023Vera: A General-Purpose Plausibility Estimation Model for Commonsense Statementscited by 44
- 2023Benchmarks for Automated Commonsense Reasoning: A Surveycited by 40
- 2025Towards Agentic RAG with Deep Reasoning: A Survey of RAG-Reasoning Systems in LLMscited by 40
- 2024Benchmarking Language Model Creativity: A Case Study on Code Generationcited by 38
- 2024Benchmarking Knowledge Boundary for Large Language Models: A Different Perspective on Model Evaluationcited by 37
- 2023ALCUNA: Large Language Models Meet New Knowledgecited by 35
- 2024What Happened in LLMs Layers when Trained for Fast vs. Slow Thinking: A Gradient Perspectivecited by 29
- 2023Assessing Hidden Risks of LLMs: An Empirical Study on Robustness, Consistency, and Credibilitycited by 28
- 2023Making Large Language Models Better Data Creatorscited by 28
- 2023Large Language Models are Built-in Autoregressive Search Enginescited by 26
- 2023FACTIFY-5WQA: 5W Aspect-based Fact Verification through Question Answeringcited by 24
- 2023Explanation-based Finetuning Makes Models More Robust to Spurious Cuescited by 24
- 2025Demystifying Domain-adaptive Post-training for Financial LLMscited by 24
- 2024On the Universal Truthfulness Hyperplane Inside LLMscited by 23
- 2024Deductive Closure Training of Language Models for Coherence, Accuracy, and Updatabilitycited by 22
- 2023Mitigating Temporal Misalignment by Discarding Outdated Factscited by 21
- 2024LogicGame: Benchmarking Rule-Based Reasoning Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 19
- 2024Bayesian scaling laws for in-context learningcited by 18
- 2025Graph-based Approaches and Functionalities in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 18
- 2025Emergent Response Planning in LLMscited by 17
- 2024An Enhanced Prompt-Based LLM Reasoning Scheme via Knowledge Graph-Integrated Collaborationcited by 16
- 2023FACTIFY3M: A Benchmark for Multimodal Fact Verification with Explainability through 5W Question-Answeringcited by 15
- 2023TeacherLM: Teaching to Fish Rather Than Giving the Fish, Language Modeling Likewisecited by 15
- 2024Optimizing Language Model's Reasoning Abilities with Weak Supervisioncited by 15
- 2022Retrieval Augmentation for Commonsense Reasoning: A Unified Approachcited by 14
- 2023TempEL: Linking Dynamically Evolving and Newly Emerging Entitiescited by 14
- 2025Don't Let It Hallucinate: Premise Verification via Retrieval-Augmented Logical Reasoningcited by 14
- 2024A Survey on Human-Centric LLMscited by 13
- 2023Generalizable Chain-of-Thought Prompting in Mixed-task Scenarios with Large Language Modelscited by 11
- 2024Right for Right Reasons: Large Language Models for Verifiable Commonsense Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 11
50 most cited of 88 All 88 (JSON)
- 2026JuryProbe: An Empirical Consensus-Risk Diagnostic for Routing Reference-Free Factuality Judge Panels to Grounded Verification20 Aug 2026
- 2026Riemannian Geometry for Pre-trained Language Model Embeddings8 Jul 2026
- 2026Are Large Language Models Reliable Reviewers? A Benchmark for Error Detection in Financial Documents3 Jun 2026
- 2026Judge Circuits Explain Format-Induced Inconsistency in LLM-as-a-Judge15 May 2026
- 2026Probing Persona-Dependent Preferences in Language Models13 May 2026
- 2026CommonWhy: A Dataset for Evaluating Entity-Based Causal Commonsense Reasoning in Large Language Models13 May 2026
- 2025Cognitive Mirrors: Exploring the Diverse Functional Roles of Attention Heads in LLM Reasoning3 Dec 2025
- 2025The PLLuM Instruction Corpus21 Nov 2025
- 2025Train Once, Reuse Everywhere: Generalizable Implicit In-Context Learning by Routing Attention26 Sep 2025
- 2025ARK-V1: An LLM-Agent for Knowledge Graph Question Answering Requiring Commonsense Reasoning22 Sep 2025
- 2025Towards Agentic RAG with Deep Reasoning: A Survey of RAG-Reasoning Systems in LLMs13 Jul 2025
- 2025Reliable Reasoning Path: Distilling Effective Guidance for LLM Reasoning with Knowledge Graphs12 Jun 2025
38 more
- 2025Rationales Are Not Silver Bullets: Measuring the Impact of Rationales on Model Performance and Reliability30 May 2025
- 2025Always Tell Me The Odds: Fine-grained Conditional Probability Estimation2 May 2025
- 2025CoLoTa: A Dataset for Entity-based Commonsense Reasoning over Long-Tail Knowledge20 Apr 2025
- 2025Graph-based Approaches and Functionalities in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Comprehensive Survey8 Apr 2025
- 2025Don't Let It Hallucinate: Premise Verification via Retrieval-Augmented Logical Reasoning8 Apr 2025
- 2025The MASK Benchmark: Disentangling Honesty From Accuracy in AI Systems5 Mar 2025
- 2025Emergent Response Planning in LLMs10 Feb 2025
- 2025CryptoX : Compositional Reasoning Evaluation of Large Language Models8 Feb 2025
- 2025Fast Think-on-Graph: Wider, Deeper and Faster Reasoning of Large Language Model on Knowledge Graph24 Jan 2025
- 2025Demystifying Domain-adaptive Post-training for Financial LLMs9 Jan 2025
- 2024MEDEC: A Benchmark for Medical Error Detection and Correction in Clinical Notes26 Dec 2024
- 2024Teaching Smaller Language Models To Generalise To Unseen Compositional Questions (Full Thesis)25 Nov 2024
- 2024A Survey on Human-Centric LLMs20 Nov 2024
- 2024What Really is Commonsense Knowledge?6 Nov 2024
- 2024What Happened in LLMs Layers when Trained for Fast vs. Slow Thinking: A Gradient Perspective31 Oct 2024
- 2024Bayesian scaling laws for in-context learning21 Oct 2024
- 2024Meta-RTL: Reinforcement-Based Meta-Transfer Learning for Low-Resource Commonsense Reasoning27 Sep 2024
- 2024Unforgettable Generalization in Language Models3 Sep 2024
- 2024Leveraging Open Knowledge for Advancing Task Expertise in Large Language Models28 Aug 2024
- 2024LogicGame: Benchmarking Rule-Based Reasoning Abilities of Large Language Models28 Aug 2024
- 2024CHECKWHY: Causal Fact Verification via Argument Structure20 Aug 2024
- 2024Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Survey15 Aug 2024
- 2024A Survey of Prompt Engineering Methods in Large Language Models for Different NLP Tasks17 Jul 2024
- 2024Think-on-Graph 2.0: Deep and Faithful Large Language Model Reasoning with Knowledge-guided Retrieval Augmented Generation15 Jul 2024
- 2024Benchmarking Language Model Creativity: A Case Study on Code Generation12 Jul 2024
- 2024On the Universal Truthfulness Hyperplane Inside LLMs11 Jul 2024
- 2024WorldAPIs: The World Is Worth How Many APIs? A Thought Experiment10 Jul 2024
- 2024From Data to Commonsense Reasoning: The Use of Large Language Models for Explainable AI4 Jul 2024
- 2024The Art of Saying No: Contextual Noncompliance in Language Models2 Jul 2024
- 2024Survey on Knowledge Distillation for Large Language Models: Methods, Evaluation, and Application2 Jul 2024
- 2024Bag of Lies: Robustness in Continuous Pre-training BERT14 Jun 2024
- 2024ActionReasoningBench: Reasoning about Actions with and without Ramification Constraints6 Jun 2024
- 2024Optimizing Language Model's Reasoning Abilities with Weak Supervision7 May 2024
- 2024ODA: Observation-Driven Agent for integrating LLMs and Knowledge Graphs11 Apr 2024
- 2024Can LLMs Learn from Previous Mistakes? Investigating LLMs' Errors to Boost for Reasoning29 Mar 2024
- 2024Right for Right Reasons: Large Language Models for Verifiable Commonsense Knowledge Graph Question Answering3 Mar 2024
- 2024Benchmarking Knowledge Boundary for Large Language Models: A Different Perspective on Model Evaluation18 Feb 2024
- 2024An Enhanced Prompt-Based LLM Reasoning Scheme via Knowledge Graph-Integrated Collaboration7 Feb 2024
50 newest of 88 All 88 (JSON)
- 2023Think-on-Graph: Deep and Responsible Reasoning of Large Language Model on Knowledge Graphcited by 235
- 2022Maieutic Prompting: Logically Consistent Reasoning with Recursive Explanationscited by 159
- 2023The CoT Collection: Improving Zero-shot and Few-shot Learning of Language Models via Chain-of-Thought Fine-Tuningcited by 106
- 2023SCOTT: Self-Consistent Chain-of-Thought Distillationcited by 103
- 2023Can ChatGPT Defend its Belief in Truth? Evaluating LLM Reasoning via Debatecited by 92
- 2024Can LLMs Learn from Previous Mistakes? Investigating LLMs' Errors to Boost for Reasoningcited by 69
- 2024Think-on-Graph 2.0: Deep and Faithful Large Language Model Reasoning with Knowledge-guided Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 63
- 2023Natural Language Reasoning, A Surveycited by 61
- 2023Benchmarks for Automated Commonsense Reasoning: A Surveycited by 40
- 2025Towards Agentic RAG with Deep Reasoning: A Survey of RAG-Reasoning Systems in LLMscited by 40
- 2024What Happened in LLMs Layers when Trained for Fast vs. Slow Thinking: A Gradient Perspectivecited by 29
- 2024LogicGame: Benchmarking Rule-Based Reasoning Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 19
12 most cited of 35 All 35 (JSON)
- 2026CommonWhy: A Dataset for Evaluating Entity-Based Causal Commonsense Reasoning in Large Language Models13 May 2026
- 2025Cognitive Mirrors: Exploring the Diverse Functional Roles of Attention Heads in LLM Reasoning3 Dec 2025
- 2025ARK-V1: An LLM-Agent for Knowledge Graph Question Answering Requiring Commonsense Reasoning22 Sep 2025
- 2025Towards Agentic RAG with Deep Reasoning: A Survey of RAG-Reasoning Systems in LLMs13 Jul 2025
- 2025Reliable Reasoning Path: Distilling Effective Guidance for LLM Reasoning with Knowledge Graphs12 Jun 2025
- 2025CoLoTa: A Dataset for Entity-based Commonsense Reasoning over Long-Tail Knowledge20 Apr 2025
- 2025Don't Let It Hallucinate: Premise Verification via Retrieval-Augmented Logical Reasoning8 Apr 2025
- 2025Emergent Response Planning in LLMs10 Feb 2025
- 2025CryptoX : Compositional Reasoning Evaluation of Large Language Models8 Feb 2025
- 2025Fast Think-on-Graph: Wider, Deeper and Faster Reasoning of Large Language Model on Knowledge Graph24 Jan 2025
- 2024What Happened in LLMs Layers when Trained for Fast vs. Slow Thinking: A Gradient Perspective31 Oct 2024
- 2024Meta-RTL: Reinforcement-Based Meta-Transfer Learning for Low-Resource Commonsense Reasoning27 Sep 2024
12 newest of 35 All 35 (JSON)
- 2023Explore, Establish, Exploit: Red Teaming Language Models from Scratchcited by 111
- 2024Bayesian scaling laws for in-context learningcited by 18
- 2024Bayesian scaling laws for in-context learning21 Oct 2024
- 2023Explore, Establish, Exploit: Red Teaming Language Models from Scratch15 Jun 2023
- 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 2,997
- 2023The Geometry of Truth: Emergent Linear Structure in Large Language Model Representations of True/False Datasetscited by 673
- 2022OPT-IML: Scaling Language Model Instruction Meta Learning through the Lens of Generalizationcited by 235
- 2024The Art of Saying No: Contextual Noncompliance in Language Modelscited by 100
- 2024MEDEC: A Benchmark for Medical Error Detection and Correction in Clinical Notescited by 77
- 2023Cognitive Dissonance: Why Do Language Model Outputs Disagree with Internal Representations of Truthfulness?cited by 62
- 2022Entity Cloze By Date: What LMs Know About Unseen Entitiescited by 55
- 2024Survey on Knowledge Distillation for Large Language Models: Methods, Evaluation, and Applicationcited by 55
- 2024A Survey of Prompt Engineering Methods in Large Language Models for Different NLP Taskscited by 46
- 2023Vera: A General-Purpose Plausibility Estimation Model for Commonsense Statementscited by 44
- 2024Benchmarking Language Model Creativity: A Case Study on Code Generationcited by 38
- 2024Benchmarking Knowledge Boundary for Large Language Models: A Different Perspective on Model Evaluationcited by 37
12 most cited of 46 All 46 (JSON)
- 2026JuryProbe: An Empirical Consensus-Risk Diagnostic for Routing Reference-Free Factuality Judge Panels to Grounded Verification20 Aug 2026
- 2026Riemannian Geometry for Pre-trained Language Model Embeddings8 Jul 2026
- 2026Are Large Language Models Reliable Reviewers? A Benchmark for Error Detection in Financial Documents3 Jun 2026
- 2026Judge Circuits Explain Format-Induced Inconsistency in LLM-as-a-Judge15 May 2026
- 2026Probing Persona-Dependent Preferences in Language Models13 May 2026
- 2025The PLLuM Instruction Corpus21 Nov 2025
- 2025Train Once, Reuse Everywhere: Generalizable Implicit In-Context Learning by Routing Attention26 Sep 2025
- 2025Rationales Are Not Silver Bullets: Measuring the Impact of Rationales on Model Performance and Reliability30 May 2025
- 2025Always Tell Me The Odds: Fine-grained Conditional Probability Estimation2 May 2025
- 2025Demystifying Domain-adaptive Post-training for Financial LLMs9 Jan 2025
- 2024MEDEC: A Benchmark for Medical Error Detection and Correction in Clinical Notes26 Dec 2024
- 2024Teaching Smaller Language Models To Generalise To Unseen Compositional Questions (Full Thesis)25 Nov 2024
12 newest of 46 All 46 (JSON)