mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

CREAK: A Dataset for Commonsense Reasoning over Entity Knowledge

arXiv 2109.01653 ↗First posted 3 Sep 2021cs.CL cs.AIcited by 88

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Cited by 35 in LLM reasoning, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

Most benchmark datasets targeting commonsense reasoning focus on everyday scenarios: physical knowledge like knowing that you could fill a cup under a waterfall [Talmor et al., 2019], social knowledge like bumping into someone is awkward [Sap et al., 2019], and other generic situations. However, there is a rich space of commonsense inferences anchored to knowledge about specific entities: for example, deciding the truthfulness of a claim "Harry Potter can teach classes on how to fly on a broomstick." Can models learn to combine entity knowledge with commonsense reasoning in this fashion? We introduce CREAK, a testbed for commonsense reasoning about entity knowledge, bridging fact-checking about entities (Harry Potter is a wizard and is skilled at riding a broomstick) with commonsense inferences (if you're good at a skill you can teach others how to do it). Our dataset consists of 13k human-authored English claims about entities that are either true or false, in addition to a small contrast set. Crowdworkers can easily come up with these statements and human performance on the dataset is high (high 90s); we argue that models should be able to blend entity knowledge and commonsense reasoning to do well here. In our experiments, we focus on the closed-book setting and observe that a baseline model finetuned on existing fact verification benchmark struggles on CREAK. Training a model on CREAK improves accuracy by a substantial margin, but still falls short of human performance. Our benchmark provides a unique probe into natural language understanding models, testing both its ability to retrieve facts (e.g., who teaches at the University of Chicago?) and unstated commonsense knowledge (e.g., butlers do not yell at guests).

Key facts. Cited by 88 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 33 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Sep 2021.

Builds on

33 of 45 references.

References · 33

  1. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
  2. 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
  3. 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,018
  4. 2020Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 3,779
  5. 2019BoolQ: Exploring the Surprising Difficulty of Natural Yes/No Questionscited by 2,140
  6. 2019Language Models as Knowledge Bases?cited by 1,922
  7. 2018CommonsenseQA: A Question Answering Challenge Targeting Commonsense Knowledgecited by 1,793
  8. 2018FEVER: a large-scale dataset for Fact Extraction and VERificationcited by 1,362
  9. 2019Adversarial NLI: A New Benchmark for Natural Language Understandingcited by 798
  10. 2021Did Aristotle Use a Laptop? A Question Answering Benchmark with Implicit Reasoning Strategiescited by 736
  11. 2018Annotation Artifacts in Natural Language Inference Datacited by 656
  12. 2020KILT: a Benchmark for Knowledge Intensive Language Taskscited by 571
21 more
  1. 2019ELI5: Long Form Question Answeringcited by 567
  2. 2019Learning the Difference that Makes a Difference with Counterfactually-Augmented Datacited by 428
  3. 2020Dataset Cartography: Mapping and Diagnosing Datasets with Training Dynamicscited by 423
  4. 2020AmbigQA: Answering Ambiguous Open-domain Questionscited by 385
  5. 2017"Liar, Liar Pants on Fire": A New Benchmark Dataset for Fake News Detectioncited by 361
  6. 2018SWAG: A Large-Scale Adversarial Dataset for Grounded Commonsense Inferencecited by 333
  7. 2018Hypothesis Only Baselines in Natural Language Inferencecited by 291
  8. 2021What Will it Take to Fix Benchmarking in Natural Language Understanding?cited by 200
  9. 2019Are We Modeling the Task or the Annotator? An Investigation of Annotator Bias in Natural Language Understanding Datasetscited by 173
  10. 2020Adversarial Filters of Dataset Biasescited by 159
  11. 2020Birds have four legs?! NumerSense: Probing Numerical Commonsense Knowledge of Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 110
  12. 2020Entities as Experts: Sparse Memory Access with Entity Supervisioncited by 100
  13. 2021UNICORN on RAINBOW: A Universal Commonsense Reasoning Model on a New Multitask Benchmarkcited by 98
  14. 2021Competency Problems: On Finding and Removing Artifacts in Language Datacited by 91
  15. 2021Fool Me Twice: Entailment from Wikipedia Gamificationcited by 50
  16. 2021FaVIQ: FAct Verification from Information-seeking Questionscited by 36
  17. 2020Differentiable Open-Ended Commonsense Reasoningcited by 29
  18. 2017Verb Physics: Relative Physical Knowledge of Actions and Objectscited by 26
  19. 2018Modeling Semantic Plausibility by Injecting World Knowledgecited by 24
  20. 2021What Ingredients Make for an Effective Crowdsourcing Protocol for Difficult NLU Data Collection Tasks?cited by 23
  21. 2020Interpretable Entity Representations through Large-Scale Typingcited by 19

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 9; 2023: 28; 2024: 29; 2025: 16; 2026: 6.

88 papers.

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  1. 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 2,997
  2. 2023The Geometry of Truth: Emergent Linear Structure in Large Language Model Representations of True/False Datasetscited by 673
  3. 2024Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Surveycited by 320
  4. 2022OPT-IML: Scaling Language Model Instruction Meta Learning through the Lens of Generalizationcited by 235
  5. 2023Think-on-Graph: Deep and Responsible Reasoning of Large Language Model on Knowledge Graphcited by 235
  6. 2022Maieutic Prompting: Logically Consistent Reasoning with Recursive Explanationscited by 159
  7. 2023Explore, Establish, Exploit: Red Teaming Language Models from Scratchcited by 111
  8. 2023The CoT Collection: Improving Zero-shot and Few-shot Learning of Language Models via Chain-of-Thought Fine-Tuningcited by 106
  9. 2023SCOTT: Self-Consistent Chain-of-Thought Distillationcited by 103
  10. 2024The Art of Saying No: Contextual Noncompliance in Language Modelscited by 100
  11. 2023Can ChatGPT Defend its Belief in Truth? Evaluating LLM Reasoning via Debatecited by 92
  12. 2024MEDEC: A Benchmark for Medical Error Detection and Correction in Clinical Notescited by 77
38 more
  1. 2024Can LLMs Learn from Previous Mistakes? Investigating LLMs' Errors to Boost for Reasoningcited by 69
  2. 2024Think-on-Graph 2.0: Deep and Faithful Large Language Model Reasoning with Knowledge-guided Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 63
  3. 2023Cognitive Dissonance: Why Do Language Model Outputs Disagree with Internal Representations of Truthfulness?cited by 62
  4. 2023Natural Language Reasoning, A Surveycited by 61
  5. 2025The MASK Benchmark: Disentangling Honesty From Accuracy in AI Systemscited by 57
  6. 2022Entity Cloze By Date: What LMs Know About Unseen Entitiescited by 55
  7. 2024Survey on Knowledge Distillation for Large Language Models: Methods, Evaluation, and Applicationcited by 55
  8. 2024A Survey of Prompt Engineering Methods in Large Language Models for Different NLP Taskscited by 46
  9. 2023Vera: A General-Purpose Plausibility Estimation Model for Commonsense Statementscited by 44
  10. 2023Benchmarks for Automated Commonsense Reasoning: A Surveycited by 40
  11. 2025Towards Agentic RAG with Deep Reasoning: A Survey of RAG-Reasoning Systems in LLMscited by 40
  12. 2024Benchmarking Language Model Creativity: A Case Study on Code Generationcited by 38
  13. 2024Benchmarking Knowledge Boundary for Large Language Models: A Different Perspective on Model Evaluationcited by 37
  14. 2023ALCUNA: Large Language Models Meet New Knowledgecited by 35
  15. 2024What Happened in LLMs Layers when Trained for Fast vs. Slow Thinking: A Gradient Perspectivecited by 29
  16. 2023Assessing Hidden Risks of LLMs: An Empirical Study on Robustness, Consistency, and Credibilitycited by 28
  17. 2023Making Large Language Models Better Data Creatorscited by 28
  18. 2023Large Language Models are Built-in Autoregressive Search Enginescited by 26
  19. 2023FACTIFY-5WQA: 5W Aspect-based Fact Verification through Question Answeringcited by 24
  20. 2023Explanation-based Finetuning Makes Models More Robust to Spurious Cuescited by 24
  21. 2025Demystifying Domain-adaptive Post-training for Financial LLMscited by 24
  22. 2024On the Universal Truthfulness Hyperplane Inside LLMscited by 23
  23. 2024Deductive Closure Training of Language Models for Coherence, Accuracy, and Updatabilitycited by 22
  24. 2023Mitigating Temporal Misalignment by Discarding Outdated Factscited by 21
  25. 2024LogicGame: Benchmarking Rule-Based Reasoning Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 19
  26. 2024Bayesian scaling laws for in-context learningcited by 18
  27. 2025Graph-based Approaches and Functionalities in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 18
  28. 2025Emergent Response Planning in LLMscited by 17
  29. 2024An Enhanced Prompt-Based LLM Reasoning Scheme via Knowledge Graph-Integrated Collaborationcited by 16
  30. 2023FACTIFY3M: A Benchmark for Multimodal Fact Verification with Explainability through 5W Question-Answeringcited by 15
  31. 2023TeacherLM: Teaching to Fish Rather Than Giving the Fish, Language Modeling Likewisecited by 15
  32. 2024Optimizing Language Model's Reasoning Abilities with Weak Supervisioncited by 15
  33. 2022Retrieval Augmentation for Commonsense Reasoning: A Unified Approachcited by 14
  34. 2023TempEL: Linking Dynamically Evolving and Newly Emerging Entitiescited by 14
  35. 2025Don't Let It Hallucinate: Premise Verification via Retrieval-Augmented Logical Reasoningcited by 14
  36. 2024A Survey on Human-Centric LLMscited by 13
  37. 2023Generalizable Chain-of-Thought Prompting in Mixed-task Scenarios with Large Language Modelscited by 11
  38. 2024Right for Right Reasons: Large Language Models for Verifiable Commonsense Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 11

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