GeoVectors: A Linked Open Corpus of OpenStreetMap Embeddings on World Scale
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Abstract (arXiv)
OpenStreetMap (OSM) is currently the richest publicly available information source on geographic entities (e.g., buildings and roads) worldwide. However, using OSM entities in machine learning models and other applications is challenging due to the large scale of OSM, the extreme heterogeneity of entity annotations, and a lack of a well-defined ontology to describe entity semantics and properties. This paper presents GeoVectors - a unique, comprehensive world-scale linked open corpus of OSM entity embeddings covering the entire OSM dataset and providing latent representations of over 980 million geographic entities in 180 countries. The GeoVectors corpus captures semantic and geographic dimensions of OSM entities and makes these entities directly accessible to machine learning algorithms and semantic applications. We create a semantic description of the GeoVectors corpus, including identity links to the Wikidata and DBpedia knowledge graphs to supply context information. Furthermore, we provide a SPARQL endpoint - a semantic interface that offers direct access to the semantic and latent representations of geographic entities in OSM.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Aug 2021.
Builds on
17 of 43 references.
References · 17
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5 more
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 5; 2026: 2.
12 papers.
- 2025Foundation Models for Spatio-Temporal Data Science: A Tutorial and Surveycited by 24
- 2024Towards Urban General Intelligence: A Review and Outlook of Urban Foundation Modelscited by 23
- 2023City Foundation Models for Learning General Purpose Representations from OpenStreetMapcited by 21
- 2025FlexiReg: Flexible Urban Region Representation Learningcited by 13
- 2025S2Vec: Self-Supervised Geospatial Embeddings for the Built Environmentcited by 4
- 2025From Points to Places: Towards Human Mobility-Driven Spatiotemporal Foundation Models via Understanding Placescited by 3
- 2022Attention-Based Vandalism Detection in OpenStreetMapcited by 2
- 2025PlaceRep: Geospatial Place Representation Learning from Large-Scale Point-of-Interest Datacited by 1
- 2023Creating Knowledge Graphs for Geographic Data on the Webcited by 0
- 2024Urban context and delivery performance: Modelling service time for cargo bikes and vans across diverse urban environmentscited by 0
- 2026NARA: Anchor-Conditioned Representation Learning for Heterogeneous Vector Geoentitiescited by 0
- 2026MARCUS: Missing-Aware Region Representation with Contextual Urban Signals for Rent Predictioncited by 0
- 2026MARCUS: Missing-Aware Region Representation with Contextual Urban Signals for Rent Prediction19 Aug 2026
- 2026NARA: Anchor-Conditioned Representation Learning for Heterogeneous Vector Geoentities12 May 2026
- 2025PlaceRep: Geospatial Place Representation Learning from Large-Scale Point-of-Interest Data25 Jun 2025
- 2025From Points to Places: Towards Human Mobility-Driven Spatiotemporal Foundation Models via Understanding Places17 Jun 2025
- 2025S2Vec: Self-Supervised Geospatial Embeddings for the Built Environment10 Apr 2025
- 2025Foundation Models for Spatio-Temporal Data Science: A Tutorial and Survey12 Mar 2025
- 2025FlexiReg: Flexible Urban Region Representation Learning12 Mar 2025
- 2024Urban context and delivery performance: Modelling service time for cargo bikes and vans across diverse urban environments27 Aug 2024
- 2024Towards Urban General Intelligence: A Review and Outlook of Urban Foundation Models30 Jan 2024
- 2023City Foundation Models for Learning General Purpose Representations from OpenStreetMap1 Oct 2023
- 2023Creating Knowledge Graphs for Geographic Data on the Web17 Feb 2023
- 2022Attention-Based Vandalism Detection in OpenStreetMap25 Jan 2022