mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

GAN Inversion for Out-of-Range Images with Geometric Transformations

arXiv 2108.08998 ↗First posted 20 Aug 2021cs.CVcited by 55

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Abstract (arXiv)

For successful semantic editing of real images, it is critical for a GAN inversion method to find an in-domain latent code that aligns with the domain of a pre-trained GAN model. Unfortunately, such in-domain latent codes can be found only for in-range images that align with the training images of a GAN model. In this paper, we propose BDInvert, a novel GAN inversion approach to semantic editing of out-of-range images that are geometrically unaligned with the training images of a GAN model. To find a latent code that is semantically editable, BDInvert inverts an input out-of-range image into an alternative latent space than the original latent space. We also propose a regularized inversion method to find a solution that supports semantic editing in the alternative space. Our experiments show that BDInvert effectively supports semantic editing of out-of-range images with geometric transformations.

Key facts. Cited by 55 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Aug 2021.

Builds on

27 of 34 references.

References · 27

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  2. 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,267
  3. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  4. 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,986
  5. 2019Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGANcited by 3,580
  6. 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,967
  7. 2018Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesiscited by 2,609
  8. 2015Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 2,048
  9. 2017Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 1,998
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  11. 2020Encoding in Style: a StyleGAN Encoder for Image-to-Image Translationcited by 727
  12. 2019Interpreting the Latent Space of GANs for Semantic Face Editingcited by 691
15 more
  1. 2019Image2StyleGAN: How to Embed Images Into the StyleGAN Latent Space?cited by 675
  2. 2020GANSpace: Discovering Interpretable GAN Controlscited by 612
  3. 2020In-Domain GAN Inversion for Real Image Editingcited by 420
  4. 2020Closed-Form Factorization of Latent Semantics in GANscited by 407
  5. 2020PULSE: Self-Supervised Photo Upsampling via Latent Space Exploration of Generative Modelscited by 358
  6. 2019Image2StyleGAN++: How to Edit the Embedded Images?cited by 356
  7. 2016Generative Visual Manipulation on the Natural Image Manifoldcited by 348
  8. 2020Exploiting Deep Generative Prior for Versatile Image Restoration and Manipulationcited by 225
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  10. 2020Semantic Photo Manipulation with a Generative Image Priorcited by 178
  11. 2016Semantic Image Inpainting with Deep Generative Modelscited by 156
  12. 2016Inverting The Generator Of A Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 140
  13. 2020Improved StyleGAN Embedding: Where are the Good Latents?cited by 88
  14. 2020Transforming and Projecting Images into Class-conditional Generative Networkscited by 76
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 22; 2023: 19; 2024: 8; 2025: 2.

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  1. 2021HyperStyle: StyleGAN Inversion with HyperNetworks for Real Image Editingcited by 208
  2. 2021High-Fidelity GAN Inversion for Image Attribute Editingcited by 197
  3. 2022StyleHEAT: One-Shot High-Resolution Editable Talking Face Generation via Pre-trained StyleGANcited by 169
  4. 2021HyperInverter: Improving StyleGAN Inversion via Hypernetworkcited by 85
  5. 2023Effective Real Image Editing with Accelerated Iterative Diffusion Inversioncited by 79
  6. 2022Stitch it in Time: GAN-Based Facial Editing of Real Videoscited by 68
  7. 2022Fine-Grained Face Swapping via Regional GAN Inversioncited by 67
  8. 2022Third Time's the Charm? Image and Video Editing with StyleGAN3cited by 54
  9. 2021Image-Based CLIP-Guided Essence Transfercited by 39
  10. 2022Spatially-Adaptive Multilayer Selection for GAN Inversion and Editingcited by 39
  11. 2022BigColor: Colorization using a Generative Color Prior for Natural Imagescited by 34
  12. 2024Transferable Adversarial Facial Images for Privacy Protectioncited by 26
38 more
  1. 2022High-fidelity GAN Inversion with Padding Spacecited by 23
  2. 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Surveycited by 20
  3. 2023StyleGANEX: StyleGAN-Based Manipulation Beyond Cropped Aligned Facescited by 19
  4. 2022Delving StyleGAN Inversion for Image Editing: A Foundation Latent Space Viewpointcited by 18
  5. 2023Hierarchical Diffusion Autoencoders and Disentangled Image Manipulationcited by 18
  6. 2022Intra-Source Style Augmentation for Improved Domain Generalizationcited by 17
  7. 2022Feature-Style Encoder for Style-Based GAN Inversioncited by 15
  8. 2022Near Perfect GAN Inversioncited by 15
  9. 2022Attribute Group Editing for Reliable Few-shot Image Generationcited by 15
  10. 2022Landscape Learning for Neural Network Inversioncited by 15
  11. 2022DynaGAN: Dynamic Few-shot Adaptation of GANs to Multiple Domainscited by 15
  12. 2023Robust Unsupervised StyleGAN Image Restorationcited by 14
  13. 2022medXGAN: Visual Explanations for Medical Classifiers through a Generative Latent Spacecited by 10
  14. 2024CLIPtone: Unsupervised Learning for Text-based Image Tone Adjustmentcited by 10
  15. 2023Make It So: Steering StyleGAN for Any Image Inversion and Editingcited by 9
  16. 2023E4S: Fine-grained Face Swapping via Editing With Regional GAN Inversioncited by 8
  17. 2024EBDM: Exemplar-guided Image Translation with Brownian-bridge Diffusion Modelscited by 8
  18. 2023Intra- & Extra-Source Exemplar-Based Style Synthesis for Improved Domain Generalizationcited by 7
  19. 2023Stable Attribute Group Editing for Reliable Few-shot Image Generationcited by 6
  20. 2023One-for-All: Towards Universal Domain Translation with a Single StyleGANcited by 6
  21. 2024One-shot Neural Face Reenactment via Finding Directions in GAN's Latent Spacecited by 6
  22. 20223D-Aware Encoding for Style-based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 5
  23. 2023In-Domain GAN Inversion for Faithful Reconstruction and Editabilitycited by 5
  24. 2024SegTalker: Segmentation-based Talking Face Generation with Mask-guided Local Editingcited by 5
  25. 2024Transferable Adversarial Face Attack with Text Controlled Attributecited by 5
  26. 2025Diffusion-based Adversarial Identity Manipulation for Facial Privacy Protectioncited by 5
  27. 2022Overparameterization Improves StyleGAN Inversioncited by 4
  28. 2022GLeaD: Improving GANs with A Generator-Leading Taskcited by 4
  29. 2022GAN Inversion for Image Editing via Unsupervised Domain Adaptationcited by 3
  30. 2022Out-of-domain GAN inversion via Invertibility Decomposition for Photo-Realistic Human Face Manipulationcited by 3
  31. 2023Meta-Auxiliary Network for 3D GAN Inversioncited by 2
  32. 2023Revisiting Latent Space of GAN Inversion for Real Image Editingcited by 2
  33. 2023UGPNet: Universal Generative Prior for Image Restorationcited by 2
  34. 2024Prediction Exposes Your Face: Black-box Model Inversion via Prediction Alignmentcited by 2
  35. 2022A Survey on Leveraging Pre-trained Generative Adversarial Networks for Image Editing and Restorationcited by 1
  36. 2023RobustSwap: A Simple yet Robust Face Swapping Model against Attribute Leakagecited by 1
  37. 2023Multi-Modal Face Stylization with a Generative Priorcited by 1
  38. 2023StylePrompter: All Styles Need Is Attentioncited by 1

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