ACE: Ally Complementary Experts for Solving Long-Tailed Recognition in One-Shot
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Abstract (arXiv)
One-stage long-tailed recognition methods improve the overall performance in a "seesaw" manner, i.e., either sacrifice the head's accuracy for better tail classification or elevate the head's accuracy even higher but ignore the tail. Existing algorithms bypass such trade-off by a multi-stage training process: pre-training on imbalanced set and fine-tuning on balanced set. Though achieving promising performance, not only are they sensitive to the generalizability of the pre-trained model, but also not easily integrated into other computer vision tasks like detection and segmentation, where pre-training of classifiers solely is not applicable. In this paper, we propose a one-stage long-tailed recognition scheme, ally complementary experts (ACE), where the expert is the most knowledgeable specialist in a sub-set that dominates its training, and is complementary to other experts in the less-seen categories without being disturbed by what it has never seen. We design a distribution-adaptive optimizer to adjust the learning pace of each expert to avoid over-fitting. Without special bells and whistles, the vanilla ACE outperforms the current one-stage SOTA method by 3-10% on CIFAR10-LT, CIFAR100-LT, ImageNet-LT and iNaturalist datasets. It is also shown to be the first one to break the "seesaw" trade-off by improving the accuracy of the majority and minority categories simultaneously in only one stage. Code and trained models are at https://github.com/jrcai/ACE.
Key facts. Cited by 86 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Aug 2021.
Builds on
25 of 34 references.
References · 25
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2017mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimizationcited by 5,155
- 2013Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionalitycited by 3,462
- 2016Aggregated Residual Transformations for Deep Neural Networkscited by 2,540
- 2017Accurate, Large Minibatch SGD: Training ImageNet in 1 Hourcited by 1,479
- 2019Class-Balanced Loss Based on Effective Number of Samplescited by 1,239
- 2019Learning Imbalanced Datasets with Label-Distribution-Aware Margin Losscited by 987
- 2019Decoupling Representation and Classifier for Long-Tailed Recognitioncited by 806
- 2019Large-Scale Long-Tailed Recognition in an Open Worldcited by 704
- 2020Long-tail learning via logit adjustmentcited by 605
- 2015Deep Metric Learning via Lifted Structured Feature Embeddingcited by 449
- 2019BBN: Bilateral-Branch Network with Cumulative Learning for Long-Tailed Visual Recognitioncited by 403
13 more
- 2018Dynamic Few-Shot Visual Learning without Forgettingcited by 385
- 2020Long-tailed Recognition by Routing Diverse Distribution-Aware Expertscited by 270
- 2014One weird trick for parallelizing convolutional neural networkscited by 264
- 2020Learning From Multiple Experts: Self-paced Knowledge Distillation for Long-tailed Classificationcited by 175
- 2020Remix: Rebalanced Mixupcited by 144
- 2020M2m: Imbalanced Classification via Major-to-minor Translationcited by 134
- 2016Range Loss for Deep Face Recognition with Long-tailcited by 111
- 2020The Devil is in Classification: A Simple Framework for Long-tail Object Detection and Instance Segmentationcited by 108
- 2020Equalization Loss v2: A New Gradient Balance Approach for Long-tailed Object Detectioncited by 99
- 2021FASA: Feature Augmentation and Sampling Adaptation for Long-Tailed Instance Segmentationcited by 76
- 2020Forest R-CNN: Large-Vocabulary Long-Tailed Object Detection and Instance Segmentationcited by 41
- 2020Towards Resolving the Challenge of Long-tail Distribution in UAV Images for Object Detectioncited by 20
- 2019Imbalance-XGBoost: Leveraging Weighted and Focal Losses for Binary Label-Imbalanced Classification with XGBoostcited by 15
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 17; 2023: 30; 2024: 15; 2025: 15; 2026: 6.
86 papers.
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- 2025ISALux: Illumination and Segmentation Aware Transformer Employing Mixture of Experts for Low Light Image Enhancement25 Aug 2025
- 2024DirMixE: Harnessing Test Agnostic Long-tail Recognition with Hierarchical Label Variations13 May 2024
- 2023MoCaE: Mixture of Calibrated Experts Significantly Improves Object Detection26 Sep 2023
- 2023MEDOE: A Multi-Expert Decoder and Output Ensemble Framework for Long-tailed Semantic Segmentation16 Aug 2023
- 2023Long-Tailed Visual Recognition via Self-Heterogeneous Integration with Knowledge Excavation3 Apr 2023
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- 2023COTR: Compact Occupancy TRansformer for Vision-based 3D Occupancy Predictioncited by 94
- 2022Nested Collaborative Learning for Long-Tailed Visual Recognitioncited by 63
- 2021Trustworthy Long-Tailed Classificationcited by 51
- 2022TAM: Topology-Aware Margin Loss for Class-Imbalanced Node Classificationcited by 41
- 2022Invariant Feature Learning for Generalized Long-Tailed Classificationcited by 34
- 2022Learning Imbalanced Data with Vision Transformerscited by 34
- 2023ImbSAM: A Closer Look at Sharpness-Aware Minimization in Class-Imbalanced Recognitioncited by 31
- 2023CUDA: Curriculum of Data Augmentation for Long-Tailed Recognitioncited by 30
- 2022BatchFormer: Learning to Explore Sample Relationships for Robust Representation Learningcited by 29
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- 2026Gen2Balance: Generative Balancing for Long-Tailed Video Action Recognition21 Jun 2026
- 2026DAMEL: Dual-Axis Multi-Expert Learning for Class-Imbalanced Learning28 May 2026
- 2026CARE: Class-Adaptive Expert Consensus for Reliable Learning with Long-Tailed Noisy Labels22 May 2026
- 2026Simultaneous Long-tailed Recognition and Multi-modal Fusion for Highly Imbalanced Multi-modal Data11 May 2026
- 2025Intrinsic Dimensionality as a Model-Free Measure of Class Imbalance13 Nov 2025
- 2025LT-Soups: Bridging Head and Tail Classes via Subsampled Model Soups11 Nov 2025
- 2025Exploring "Many in Few" and "Few in Many" Properties in Long-Tailed, Highly-Imbalanced IC Defect Classification22 Oct 2025
- 2025Compositional Attribute Imbalance in Vision Datasets17 Jun 2025
- 2025Mixture Experts with Test-Time Self-Supervised Aggregation for Tabular Imbalanced Regression8 Jun 2025
- 2025PI-H2T: Enhancing Long-Tailed Visual Recognition with Permutation-Invariant and Head-to-Tail Feature Fusion31 May 2025
12 newest of 74 All 74 (JSON)