Learning Theorem Proving Components
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Abstract (arXiv)
Saturation-style automated theorem provers (ATPs) based on the given clause procedure are today the strongest general reasoners for classical first-order logic. The clause selection heuristics in such systems are, however, often evaluating clauses in isolation, ignoring other clauses. This has changed recently by equipping the E/ENIGMA system with a graph neural network (GNN) that chooses the next given clause based on its evaluation in the context of previously selected clauses. In this work, we describe several algorithms and experiments with ENIGMA, advancing the idea of contextual evaluation based on learning important components of the graph of clauses.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Jul 2021.
Builds on
9 of 38 references.
References · 9
- 2018Reinforcement Learning of Theorem Provingcited by 69
- 2017ENIGMA: Efficient Learning-based Inference Guiding Machinecited by 26
- 2020ENIGMA Anonymous: Symbol-Independent Inference Guiding Machine (system description)cited by 26
- 2019ENIGMA-NG: Efficient Neural and Gradient-Boosted Inference Guidance for Ecited by 24
- 2013MizAR 40 for Mizar 40cited by 23
- 2019Property Invariant Embedding for Automated Reasoningcited by 22
- 2019Hammering Mizar by Learning Clause Guidancecited by 20
- 2018Learning to Reason with HOL4 tacticscited by 14
- 2016Extending E Prover with Similarity Based Clause Selection Strategiescited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 1; 2024: 3; 2025: 1.
7 papers.
- 2022HyperTree Proof Search for Neural Theorem Provingcited by 192
- 2024A Survey on Deep Learning for Theorem Provingcited by 55
- 2024Learning Guided Automated Reasoning: A Brief Surveycited by 7
- 2023MizAR 60 for Mizar 50cited by 6
- 2022Machine Learning Meets The Herbrand Universecited by 3
- 2024Application of AI to formal methods - an analysis of current trendscited by 2
- 2025Efficient Neural Clause-Selection Reinforcementcited by 0
- 2025Efficient Neural Clause-Selection Reinforcement10 Mar 2025
- 2024Application of AI to formal methods - an analysis of current trends22 Nov 2024
- 2024A Survey on Deep Learning for Theorem Proving15 Apr 2024
- 2024Learning Guided Automated Reasoning: A Brief Survey6 Mar 2024
- 2023MizAR 60 for Mizar 5012 Mar 2023
- 2022Machine Learning Meets The Herbrand Universe7 Oct 2022
- 2022HyperTree Proof Search for Neural Theorem Proving23 May 2022