mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Imitate TheWorld: A Search Engine Simulation Platform

arXiv 2107.07693 ↗First posted 16 Jul 2021cs.AIcited by 3

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent E-commerce applications benefit from the growth of deep learning techniques. However, we notice that many works attempt to maximize business objectives by closely matching offline labels which follow the supervised learning paradigm. This results in models obtain high offline performance in terms of Area Under Curve (AUC) and Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG), but cannot consistently increase the revenue metrics such as purchases amount of users. Towards the issues, we build a simulated search engine AESim that can properly give feedback by a well-trained discriminator for generated pages, as a dynamic dataset. Different from previous simulation platforms which lose connection with the real world, ours depends on the real data in AliExpress Search: we use adversarial learning to generate virtual users and use Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning (GAIL) to capture behavior patterns of users. Our experiments also show AESim can better reflect the online performance of ranking models than classic ranking metrics, implying AESim can play a surrogate of AliExpress Search and evaluate models without going online.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jul 2021.

Builds on

9 of 26 references.

References · 9

  1. 2016Generative Adversarial Imitation Learningcited by 1,576
  2. 2016Guided Cost Learning: Deep Inverse Optimal Control via Policy Optimizationcited by 400
  3. 2019Are We Really Making Much Progress? A Worrying Analysis of Recent Neural Recommendation Approachescited by 181
  4. 2016Unbiased Learning-to-Rank with Biased Feedbackcited by 155
  5. 2019RecSim: A Configurable Simulation Platform for Recommender Systemscited by 91
  6. 2018Virtual-Taobao: Virtualizing Real-world Online Retail Environment for Reinforcement Learningcited by 80
  7. 2018RecoGym: A Reinforcement Learning Environment for the problem of Product Recommendation in Online Advertisingcited by 65
  8. 2018Learning a Deep Listwise Context Model for Ranking Refinementcited by 62
  9. 2018Learning Groupwise Multivariate Scoring Functions Using Deep Neural Networkscited by 22

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 0; 2024: 0; 2025: 1.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025ADORE: Autonomous Domain-Oriented Relevance Engine for E-commerce
  2. 2025EPR-GAIL: An EPR-Enhanced Hierarchical Imitation Learning Framework to Simulate Complex User Consumption Behaviors
  3. 2025Aug2Search: Enhancing Facebook Marketplace Search with LLM-Generated Synthetic Data Augmentation
  4. 2026Efficient Generative Retrieval for E-commerce Search with Semantic Cluster IDs and Expert-Guided RL
  5. 2024Auto-bidding in real-time auctions via Oracle Imitation Learning (OIL)
  6. 2025TaoSR-AGRL: Adaptive Guided Reinforcement Learning Framework for E-commerce Search Relevance
  7. 2025Multi-objective Aligned Bidword Generation Model for E-commerce Search Advertising
  8. 2026LEAPS: An LLM-Empowered Adaptive Plugin in Taobao AI Search ↗