mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Schema-Guided Paradigm for Zero-Shot Dialog

arXiv 2106.07056 ↗First posted 13 Jun 2021cs.CL cs.AI cs.LGcited by 13

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Abstract (arXiv)

Developing mechanisms that flexibly adapt dialog systems to unseen tasks and domains is a major challenge in dialog research. Neural models implicitly memorize task-specific dialog policies from the training data. We posit that this implicit memorization has precluded zero-shot transfer learning. To this end, we leverage the schema-guided paradigm, wherein the task-specific dialog policy is explicitly provided to the model. We introduce the Schema Attention Model (SAM) and improved schema representations for the STAR corpus. SAM obtains significant improvement in zero-shot settings, with a +22 F1 score improvement over prior work. These results validate the feasibility of zero-shot generalizability in dialog. Ablation experiments are also presented to demonstrate the efficacy of SAM.

Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Jun 2021.

Builds on

22 of 30 references.

References · 22

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2018GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understandingcited by 4,854
  3. 2019SuperGLUE: A Stickier Benchmark for General-Purpose Language Understanding Systemscited by 1,718
  4. 2019DialoGPT: Large-Scale Generative Pre-training for Conversational Response Generationcited by 842
  5. 2018MultiWOZ -- A Large-Scale Multi-Domain Wizard-of-Oz Dataset for Task-Oriented Dialogue Modellingcited by 760
  6. 2020Towards a Human-like Open-Domain Chatbotcited by 467
  7. 2019Towards Scalable Multi-domain Conversational Agents: The Schema-Guided Dialogue Datasetcited by 426
  8. 2016A Network-based End-to-End Trainable Task-oriented Dialogue Systemcited by 252
  9. 2019Transferable Multi-Domain State Generator for Task-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 215
  10. 2020DialoGLUE: A Natural Language Understanding Benchmark for Task-Oriented Dialoguecited by 89
  11. 2020STAR: A Schema-Guided Dialog Dataset for Transfer Learningcited by 43
  12. 2019Domain Adaptive Dialog Generation via Meta Learningcited by 41
10 more
  1. 2017Towards Zero-Shot Frame Semantic Parsing for Domain Scalingcited by 40
  2. 2019Robust Zero-Shot Cross-Domain Slot Filling with Example Valuescited by 38
  3. 2020Schema-Guided Dialogue State Tracking Task at DSTC8cited by 32
  4. 2019GSN: A Graph-Structured Network for Multi-Party Dialoguescited by 26
  5. 2018Zero-Shot Dialog Generation with Cross-Domain Latent Actionscited by 23
  6. 2020Structured Attention for Unsupervised Dialogue Structure Inductioncited by 19
  7. 2019Unsupervised Dialog Structure Learningcited by 16
  8. 2017Generative Encoder-Decoder Models for Task-Oriented Spoken Dialog Systems with Chatting Capabilitycited by 14
  9. 2016End-to-end LSTM-based dialog control optimized with supervised and reinforcement learningcited by 8
  10. 2020Discovering Dialog Structure Graph for Open-Domain Dialog Generationcited by 4

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 3; 2023: 4; 2024: 3; 2025: 2.

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  1. 2023Prompt-Based Monte-Carlo Tree Search for Goal-Oriented Dialogue Policy Planningcited by 60
  2. 2023SGP-TOD: Building Task Bots Effortlessly via Schema-Guided LLM Promptingcited by 39
  3. 2021SGD-X: A Benchmark for Robust Generalization in Schema-Guided Dialogue Systemscited by 34
  4. 2022LAD: Language Models as Data for Zero-Shot Dialogcited by 18
  5. 2022AnyTOD: A Programmable Task-Oriented Dialog Systemcited by 10
  6. 2025Turning Conversations into Workflows: A Framework to Extract and Evaluate Dialog Workflows for Service AI Agentscited by 5
  7. 2024Dialog Flow Induction for Constrainable LLM-Based Chatbotscited by 4
  8. 2023Zero-Shot Generalizable End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialog System using Context Summarization and Domain Schemacited by 3
  9. 2023Towards a Neural Era in Dialogue Management for Collaboration: A Literature Surveycited by 3
  10. 2022A Flexible Schema-Guided Dialogue Management Framework: From Friendly Peer to Virtual Standardized Cancer Patientcited by 2
  11. 2024A Neuro-Symbolic Approach to Monitoring Salt Content in Foodcited by 1
  12. 2025CoDial: Interpretable Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems Through Dialogue Flow Alignmentcited by 1
1 more
  1. 2024Graph Integrated Language Transformers for Next Action Prediction in Complex Phone Callscited by 0