mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Graph-Based Deep Learning for Medical Diagnosis and Analysis: Past, Present and Future

arXiv 2105.13137 ↗First posted 27 May 2021cs.LG cs.CV q-bio.QMcited by 67

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Abstract (arXiv)

With the advances of data-driven machine learning research, a wide variety of prediction problems have been tackled. It has become critical to explore how machine learning and specifically deep learning methods can be exploited to analyse healthcare data. A major limitation of existing methods has been the focus on grid-like data; however, the structure of physiological recordings are often irregular and unordered which makes it difficult to conceptualise them as a matrix. As such, graph neural networks have attracted significant attention by exploiting implicit information that resides in a biological system, with interactive nodes connected by edges whose weights can be either temporal associations or anatomical junctions. In this survey, we thoroughly review the different types of graph architectures and their applications in healthcare. We provide an overview of these methods in a systematic manner, organized by their domain of application including functional connectivity, anatomical structure and electrical-based analysis. We also outline the limitations of existing techniques and discuss potential directions for future research.

Key facts. Cited by 67 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 139 of its 322 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 May 2021.

Builds on

139 of 322 references.

References · 139

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50 most cited of 139 All 139 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 15; 2023: 17; 2024: 14; 2025: 15; 2026: 3.

67 papers.

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  1. 2022A Comprehensive Survey on Trustworthy Graph Neural Networks: Privacy, Robustness, Fairness, and Explainabilitycited by 118
  2. 2022Brain Network Transformercited by 92
  3. 2022GAP: Differentially Private Graph Neural Networks with Aggregation Perturbationcited by 46
  4. 2021Node-Level Differentially Private Graph Neural Networkscited by 43
  5. 2021A Survey on Graph-Based Deep Learning for Computational Histopathologycited by 41
  6. 2023NeuroGraph: Benchmarks for Graph Machine Learning in Brain Connectomicscited by 33
  7. 2021Releasing Graph Neural Networks with Differential Privacy Guaranteescited by 32
  8. 2022Distributed Graph Neural Network Training: A Surveycited by 32
  9. 2022Graph Neural Networks in IoT: A Surveycited by 27
  10. 2023Multimodal Data Integration for Oncology in the Era of Deep Neural Networks: A Reviewcited by 20
  11. 2024Anomaly Detection in Dynamic Graphs: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 18
  12. 2022Private Graph Extraction via Feature Explanationscited by 16
38 more
  1. 2022Light-weight spatio-temporal graphs for segmentation and ejection fraction prediction in cardiac ultrasoundcited by 15
  2. 2025GOLD: Graph Out-of-Distribution Detection via Implicit Adversarial Latent Generationcited by 15
  3. 2023ProGAP: Progressive Graph Neural Networks with Differential Privacy Guaranteescited by 12
  4. 2024Learning on Graphs with Large Language Models(LLMs): A Deep Dive into Model Robustnesscited by 11
  5. 2023Learning High-Order Relationships of Brain Regionscited by 10
  6. 2022Unsupervised pre-training of graph transformers on patient population graphscited by 9
  7. 2025CEGA: A Cost-Effective Approach for Graph-Based Model Extraction and Acquisitioncited by 9
  8. 2022Robust Graph Representation Learning for Local Corruption Recoverycited by 6
  9. 2023Union Subgraph Neural Networkscited by 6
  10. 2024BrainMAE: A Region-aware Self-supervised Learning Framework for Brain Signalscited by 6
  11. 2022Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Using Feature Disentanglement And GCNs For Medical Image Classificationcited by 5
  12. 2022ProductGraphSleepNet: Sleep Staging using Product Spatio-Temporal Graph Learning with Attentive Temporal Aggregationcited by 5
  13. 2023Meta Transfer of Self-Supervised Knowledge: Foundation Model in Action for Post-Traumatic Epilepsy Predictioncited by 5
  14. 2024EpiLearn: A Python Library for Machine Learning in Epidemic Modelingcited by 5
  15. 2023Spatio-Temporal Anomaly Detection with Graph Networks for Data Quality Monitoring of the Hadron Calorimetercited by 4
  16. 2022Taming Normalizing Flowscited by 3
  17. 2023Multimodal brain age estimation using interpretable adaptive population-graph learningcited by 3
  18. 2024Faithful Interpretation for Graph Neural Networkscited by 3
  19. 2025PH2ST:ST-Prompt Guided Histological Hypergraph Learning for Spatial Gene Expression Predictioncited by 3
  20. 2025Adversarial Attacks and Defenses on Graph-aware Large Language Models (LLMs)cited by 3
  21. 2025Structured Spectral Graph Representation Learning for Multi-label Abnormality Analysis from 3D CT Scanscited by 3
  22. 2023Body Fat Estimation from Surface Meshes using Graph Neural Networkscited by 2
  23. 2023Exploiting Spatial-temporal Data for Sleep Stage Classification via Hypergraph Learningcited by 2
  24. 2023A Comparative Study of Population-Graph Construction Methods and Graph Neural Networks for Brain Age Regressioncited by 2
  25. 2023Time CNN and Graph Convolution Network for Epileptic Spike Detection in MEG Datacited by 2
  26. 2024GRAPHGINI: Fostering Individual and Group Fairness in Graph Neural Networkscited by 2
  27. 2024Leveraging Medical Foundation Model Features in Graph Neural Network-Based Retrieval of Breast Histopathology Imagescited by 2
  28. 2024DuoGNN: Topology-aware Graph Neural Network with Homophily and Heterophily Interaction-Decouplingcited by 2
  29. 2024Multi-atlas Ensemble Graph Neural Network Model For Major Depressive Disorder Detection Using Functional MRI Datacited by 2
  30. 2025Soybean Disease Detection via Interpretable Hybrid CNN-GNN: Integrating MobileNetV2 and GraphSAGE with Cross-Modal Attentioncited by 2
  31. 2023Information Flow in Graph Neural Networks: A Clinical Triage Use Casecited by 1
  32. 2023GNNBleed: Inference Attacks to Unveil Private Edges in Graphs with Realistic Access to GNN Modelscited by 1
  33. 2024Debiasing Graph Representation Learning based on Information Bottleneckcited by 1
  34. 2024Generalizable Representation Learning for fMRI-based Neurological Disorder Identificationcited by 1
  35. 2025Multimodal Stock Price Predictioncited by 1
  36. 2025A Comprehensive Study on Medical Image Segmentation using Deep Neural Networkscited by 1
  37. 2025Multi-Modal Feature Fusion for Spatial Morphology Analysis of Traditional Villages via Hierarchical Graph Neural Networkscited by 1
  38. 2022Generalized Laplacian Regularized Framelet Graph Neural Networkscited by 0

50 most cited of 67 All 67 (JSON)