Bag of Baselines for Multi-objective Joint Neural Architecture Search and Hyperparameter Optimization
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Abstract (arXiv)
Neural architecture search (NAS) and hyperparameter optimization (HPO) make deep learning accessible to non-experts by automatically finding the architecture of the deep neural network to use and tuning the hyperparameters of the used training pipeline. While both NAS and HPO have been studied extensively in recent years, NAS methods typically assume fixed hyperparameters and vice versa - there exists little work on joint NAS + HPO. Furthermore, NAS has recently often been framed as a multi-objective optimization problem, in order to take, e.g., resource requirements into account. In this paper, we propose a set of methods that extend current approaches to jointly optimize neural architectures and hyperparameters with respect to multiple objectives. We hope that these methods will serve as simple baselines for future research on multi-objective joint NAS + HPO. To facilitate this, all our code is available at https://github.com/automl/multi-obj-baselines.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 71 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 May 2021.
Builds on
38 of 71 references.
References · 38
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- 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,076
- 2017Fashion-MNIST: a Novel Image Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning Algorithmscited by 4,283
- 2018DARTS: Differentiable Architecture Searchcited by 1,782
- 2016Neural Architecture Search with Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,489
- 2018MnasNet: Platform-Aware Neural Architecture Search for Mobilecited by 937
- 2018Efficient Neural Architecture Search via Parameter Sharingcited by 831
- 2016Hyperband: A Novel Bandit-Based Approach to Hyperparameter Optimizationcited by 688
- 2018ProxylessNAS: Direct Neural Architecture Search on Target Task and Hardwarecited by 666
- 2018BOHB: Robust and Efficient Hyperparameter Optimization at Scalecited by 466
- 2020NAS-Bench-201: Extending the Scope of Reproducible Neural Architecture Searchcited by 412
- 2019Scalable Global Optimization via Local Bayesian Optimizationcited by 359
26 more
- 2017Population Based Training of Neural Networkscited by 351
- 2017Large-Scale Evolution of Image Classifierscited by 348
- 2015Net2Net: Accelerating Learning via Knowledge Transfercited by 245
- 2015Non-stochastic Best Arm Identification and Hyperparameter Optimizationcited by 219
- 2018A System for Massively Parallel Hyperparameter Tuningcited by 201
- 2018Neural Architecture Search with Bayesian Optimisation and Optimal Transportcited by 192
- 2020Differentiable Expected Hypervolume Improvement for Parallel Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimizationcited by 176
- 2019BANANAS: Bayesian Optimization with Neural Architectures for Neural Architecture Searchcited by 175
- 2018Efficient Multi-objective Neural Architecture Search via Lamarckian Evolutioncited by 151
- 2015Structured Pruning of Deep Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 148
- 2016Fast Bayesian Optimization of Machine Learning Hyperparameters on Large Datasetscited by 131
- 2017Shake-Shake regularizationcited by 87
- 2019A Survey on Neural Architecture Searchcited by 71
- 2020Auto-PyTorch Tabular: Multi-Fidelity MetaLearning for Efficient and Robust AutoDLcited by 67
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- 2021A Comprehensive Survey on Hardware-Aware Neural Architecture Searchcited by 60
- 2016CMA-ES for Hyperparameter Optimization of Deep Neural Networkscited by 47
- 2017Simple And Efficient Architecture Search for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 40
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 7; 2023: 4; 2024: 1; 2025: 4.
19 papers.
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- 2023Neural Architecture Search: Insights from 1000 Paperscited by 136
- 2021YAHPO Gym -- An Efficient Multi-Objective Multi-Fidelity Benchmark for Hyperparameter Optimizationcited by 61
- 2023AutoPEFT: Automatic Configuration Search for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuningcited by 49
- 2022Multi-Objective Hyperparameter Optimization in Machine Learning -- An Overviewcited by 37
- 2022Robust Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization Under Input Noisecited by 36
- 2021Multi-objective Asynchronous Successive Halvingcited by 22
- 2022Bayesian Generational Population-Based Trainingcited by 20
- 2022LiteTransformerSearch: Training-free Neural Architecture Search for Efficient Language Modelscited by 14
- 2022EC-NAS: Energy Consumption Aware Tabular Benchmarks for Neural Architecture Searchcited by 11
- 2025Tuning LLM Judge Design Decisions for 1/1000 of the Costcited by 11
- 2022TabNAS: Rejection Sampling for Neural Architecture Search on Tabular Datasetscited by 6
- 2023Multi-Objective Population Based Trainingcited by 4
7 more
- 2021Mutation is all you needcited by 3
- 2022Tackling Neural Architecture Search With Quality Diversity Optimizationcited by 3
- 2025Auto-nnU-Net: Towards Automated Medical Image Segmentationcited by 3
- 2023MO-DEHB: Evolutionary-based Hyperband for Multi-Objective Optimizationcited by 2
- 2025Multi-objective Hyperparameter Optimization in the Age of Deep Learningcited by 1
- 2024AutoPV: Automatically Design Your Photovoltaic Power Forecasting Modelcited by 0
- 2025You Only Train Oncecited by 0
- 2025Multi-objective Hyperparameter Optimization in the Age of Deep Learning11 Nov 2025
- 2025You Only Train Once4 Jun 2025
- 2025Auto-nnU-Net: Towards Automated Medical Image Segmentation22 May 2025
- 2025Tuning LLM Judge Design Decisions for 1/1000 of the Cost24 Jan 2025
- 2024AutoPV: Automatically Design Your Photovoltaic Power Forecasting Model1 Aug 2024
- 2023Multi-Objective Population Based Training2 Jun 2023
- 2023MO-DEHB: Evolutionary-based Hyperband for Multi-Objective Optimization8 May 2023
- 2023AutoPEFT: Automatic Configuration Search for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning28 Jan 2023
- 2023Neural Architecture Search: Insights from 1000 Papers20 Jan 2023
- 2022EC-NAS: Energy Consumption Aware Tabular Benchmarks for Neural Architecture Search12 Oct 2022
- 2022Tackling Neural Architecture Search With Quality Diversity Optimization30 Jul 2022
- 2022Bayesian Generational Population-Based Training19 Jul 2022
7 more
- 2022Multi-Objective Hyperparameter Optimization in Machine Learning -- An Overview15 Jun 2022
- 2022TabNAS: Rejection Sampling for Neural Architecture Search on Tabular Datasets15 Apr 2022
- 2022LiteTransformerSearch: Training-free Neural Architecture Search for Efficient Language Models4 Mar 2022
- 2022Robust Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization Under Input Noise15 Feb 2022
- 2021YAHPO Gym -- An Efficient Multi-Objective Multi-Fidelity Benchmark for Hyperparameter Optimization8 Sep 2021
- 2021Mutation is all you need4 Jul 2021
- 2021Multi-objective Asynchronous Successive Halving23 Jun 2021
- 2023Neural Architecture Search: Insights from 1000 Paperscited by 136
- 2021YAHPO Gym -- An Efficient Multi-Objective Multi-Fidelity Benchmark for Hyperparameter Optimizationcited by 61
- 2023AutoPEFT: Automatic Configuration Search for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuningcited by 49
- 2022Multi-Objective Hyperparameter Optimization in Machine Learning -- An Overviewcited by 37
- 2022Robust Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization Under Input Noisecited by 36
- 2021Multi-objective Asynchronous Successive Halvingcited by 22
- 2022Bayesian Generational Population-Based Trainingcited by 20
- 2022LiteTransformerSearch: Training-free Neural Architecture Search for Efficient Language Modelscited by 14
- 2022EC-NAS: Energy Consumption Aware Tabular Benchmarks for Neural Architecture Searchcited by 11
- 2025Tuning LLM Judge Design Decisions for 1/1000 of the Costcited by 11
- 2022TabNAS: Rejection Sampling for Neural Architecture Search on Tabular Datasetscited by 6
- 2023Multi-Objective Population Based Trainingcited by 4
12 most cited of 19 All 19 (JSON)
- 2025Multi-objective Hyperparameter Optimization in the Age of Deep Learning11 Nov 2025
- 2025You Only Train Once4 Jun 2025
- 2025Auto-nnU-Net: Towards Automated Medical Image Segmentation22 May 2025
- 2025Tuning LLM Judge Design Decisions for 1/1000 of the Cost24 Jan 2025
- 2024AutoPV: Automatically Design Your Photovoltaic Power Forecasting Model1 Aug 2024
- 2023Multi-Objective Population Based Training2 Jun 2023
- 2023MO-DEHB: Evolutionary-based Hyperband for Multi-Objective Optimization8 May 2023
- 2023AutoPEFT: Automatic Configuration Search for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning28 Jan 2023
- 2023Neural Architecture Search: Insights from 1000 Papers20 Jan 2023
- 2022EC-NAS: Energy Consumption Aware Tabular Benchmarks for Neural Architecture Search12 Oct 2022
- 2022Tackling Neural Architecture Search With Quality Diversity Optimization30 Jul 2022
- 2022Bayesian Generational Population-Based Training19 Jul 2022
12 newest of 19 All 19 (JSON)