A Survey on Neural Architecture Search
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
The growing interest in both the automation of machine learning and deep learning has inevitably led to the development of a wide variety of automated methods for neural architecture search. The choice of the network architecture has proven to be critical, and many advances in deep learning spring from its immediate improvements. However, deep learning techniques are computationally intensive and their application requires a high level of domain knowledge. Therefore, even partial automation of this process helps to make deep learning more accessible to both researchers and practitioners. With this survey, we provide a formalism which unifies and categorizes the landscape of existing methods along with a detailed analysis that compares and contrasts the different approaches. We achieve this via a comprehensive discussion of the commonly adopted architecture search spaces and architecture optimization algorithms based on principles of reinforcement learning and evolutionary algorithms along with approaches that incorporate surrogate and one-shot models. Additionally, we address the new research directions which include constrained and multi-objective architecture search as well as automated data augmentation, optimizer and activation function search.
Key facts. Cited by 71 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 May 2019.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 25; 2022: 12; 2023: 14; 2024: 12; 2025: 6; 2026: 2.
71 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2022Medical Image Segmentation Review: The success of U-Netcited by 191
- 2023Neural Architecture Search: Insights from 1000 Paperscited by 139
- 2023Dataset Distillation: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 127
- 2021How Powerful are Performance Predictors in Neural Architecture Search?cited by 90
- 2022Source-Free Unsupervised Domain Adaptation: A Surveycited by 80
- 2021A Comprehensive Survey on Hardware-Aware Neural Architecture Searchcited by 61
- 2022NAS-Bench-Suite-Zero: Accelerating Research on Zero Cost Proxiescited by 36
- 2023AutoML in the Age of Large Language Models: Current Challenges, Future Opportunities and Riskscited by 35
- 2022Enable Deep Learning on Mobile Devices: Methods, Systems, and Applicationscited by 32
- 2023A Survey on Deep Learning-Based Monocular Spacecraft Pose Estimation: Current State, Limitations and Prospectscited by 30
- 2021EPE-NAS: Efficient Performance Estimation Without Training for Neural Architecture Searchcited by 24
- 2023Zero-Shot Neural Architecture Search: Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunitiescited by 21
38 more
- 2021Bag of Baselines for Multi-objective Joint Neural Architecture Search and Hyperparameter Optimizationcited by 19
- 2022LiteTransformerSearch: Training-free Neural Architecture Search for Efficient Language Modelscited by 14
- 2021Automated Deep Learning: Neural Architecture Search Is Not the Endcited by 13
- 2021Federated mmWave Beam Selection Utilizing LIDAR Datacited by 12
- 2022Neural Architecture Search for Dense Prediction Tasks in Computer Visioncited by 12
- 2021FLASH: Fast Neural Architecture Search with Hardware Optimizationcited by 11
- 2021Accelerating Evolutionary Neural Architecture Search via Multi-Fidelity Evaluationcited by 10
- 2021Scale-Aware Neural Architecture Search for Multivariate Time Series Forecastingcited by 9
- 2024NACHOS: Neural Architecture Search for Hardware Constrained Early Exit Neural Networkscited by 9
- 2021Neural Architecture Search as Program Transformation Explorationcited by 8
- 2021Searching Collaborative Agents for Multi-plane Localization in 3D Ultrasoundcited by 7
- 2021Learning Deep Morphological Networks with Neural Architecture Searchcited by 6
- 2021AutoInit: Analytic Signal-Preserving Weight Initialization for Neural Networkscited by 5
- 2023Efficient Activation Function Optimization through Surrogate Modelingcited by 5
- 2024FlatNAS: optimizing Flatness in Neural Architecture Search for Out-of-Distribution Robustnesscited by 5
- 2021Training Deep Capsule Networks with Residual Connectionscited by 4
- 2021Bag of Tricks for Neural Architecture Searchcited by 4
- 2021CONetV2: Efficient Auto-Channel Size Optimization for CNNscited by 4
- 2022A Comprehensive Survey on Automated Machine Learning for Recommendationscited by 4
- 2022Exploring the Intersection between Neural Architecture Search and Continual Learningcited by 4
- 2023InstaTune: Instantaneous Neural Architecture Search During Fine-Tuningcited by 4
- 2023AutoML for Large Capacity Modeling of Meta's Ranking Systemscited by 4
- 2025Learning to Be A Doctor: Searching for Effective Medical Agent Architecturescited by 4
- 2021Guided Evolution for Neural Architecture Searchcited by 3
- 2023Divide-and-Conquer the NAS puzzle in Resource Constrained Federated Learning Systemscited by 3
- 2021Experiments on Properties of Hidden Structures of Sparse Neural Networkscited by 2
- 2021Dive into Layers: Neural Network Capacity Bounding using Algebraic Geometrycited by 2
- 2022Guided Evolutionary Neural Architecture Search With Efficient Performance Estimationcited by 2
- 2023Robustifying DARTS by Eliminating Information Bypass Leakage via Explicit Sparse Regularizationcited by 2
- 2024Multi-Objective Evolutionary Neural Architecture Search for Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 2
- 2024From Algorithm to Hardware: A Survey on Efficient and Safe Deployment of Deep Neural Networkscited by 2
- 2024Generative flow induced neural architecture search: Towards discovering optimal architecture in wavelet neural operatorcited by 2
- 2025MoENAS: Mixture-of-Expert based Neural Architecture Search for jointly Accurate, Fair, and Robust Edge Deep Neural Networkscited by 2
- 2025PhaseNAS: Language-Model Driven Architecture Search with Dynamic Phase Adaptationcited by 2
- 2022Incremental Learning with Differentiable Architecture and Forgetting Searchcited by 1
- 2024Systematic construction of continuous-time neural networks for linear dynamical systemscited by 1
- 2024Activation Function Optimization Scheme for Image Classificationcited by 1
- 2024Simultaneous Weight and Architecture Optimization for Neural Networkscited by 1
50 most cited of 71 All 71 (JSON)
- 2026Bi-NAS: Towards Effective and Personalized Explanation for Recommender Systems via Bi-Level Neural Architecture Search1 Jul 2026
- 2026HERCULES: Hardware-Efficient, Robust, Continual Learning Neural Architecture Search3 May 2026
- 2025MultiGA: Leveraging Multi-Source Seeding in Genetic Algorithms21 Nov 2025
- 2025A reproducible comparative study of categorical kernels for Gaussian process regression, with new clustering-based nested kernels2 Oct 2025
- 2025PhaseNAS: Language-Model Driven Architecture Search with Dynamic Phase Adaptation28 Jul 2025
- 2025SEAL: Searching Expandable Architectures for Incremental Learning15 May 2025
- 2025Learning to Be A Doctor: Searching for Effective Medical Agent Architectures15 Apr 2025
- 2025MoENAS: Mixture-of-Expert based Neural Architecture Search for jointly Accurate, Fair, and Robust Edge Deep Neural Networks11 Feb 2025
- 2024Adaptive Dropout for Pruning Conformers6 Dec 2024
- 2024On the Adversarial Transferability of Generalized "Skip Connections"11 Oct 2024
- 2024Simultaneous Weight and Architecture Optimization for Neural Networks10 Oct 2024
- 2024Activation Function Optimization Scheme for Image Classification7 Sep 2024
38 more
- 2024Generative flow induced neural architecture search: Towards discovering optimal architecture in wavelet neural operator11 May 2024
- 2024From Algorithm to Hardware: A Survey on Efficient and Safe Deployment of Deep Neural Networks9 May 2024
- 2024A method for quantifying the generalization capabilities of generative models for solving Ising models6 May 2024
- 2024Systematic construction of continuous-time neural networks for linear dynamical systems24 Mar 2024
- 2024Multi-Objective Evolutionary Neural Architecture Search for Recurrent Neural Networks17 Mar 2024
- 2024FlatNAS: optimizing Flatness in Neural Architecture Search for Out-of-Distribution Robustness29 Feb 2024
- 2024EncodingNet: A Novel Encoding-based MAC Design for Efficient Neural Network Acceleration25 Feb 2024
- 2024NACHOS: Neural Architecture Search for Hardware Constrained Early Exit Neural Networks24 Jan 2024
- 2023AutoML for Large Capacity Modeling of Meta's Ranking Systems14 Nov 2023
- 2023InstaTune: Instantaneous Neural Architecture Search During Fine-Tuning29 Aug 2023
- 2023A Survey on Multi-Objective Neural Architecture Search18 Jul 2023
- 2023Zero-Shot Neural Architecture Search: Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunities5 Jul 2023
- 2023AutoML in the Age of Large Language Models: Current Challenges, Future Opportunities and Risks13 Jun 2023
- 2023Robustifying DARTS by Eliminating Information Bypass Leakage via Explicit Sparse Regularization12 Jun 2023
- 2023CQural: A Novel CNN based Hybrid Architecture for Quantum Continual Machine Learning16 May 2023
- 2023A Survey on Deep Learning-Based Monocular Spacecraft Pose Estimation: Current State, Limitations and Prospects12 May 2023
- 2023Divide-and-Conquer the NAS puzzle in Resource Constrained Federated Learning Systems11 May 2023
- 2023DartsReNet: Exploring new RNN cells in ReNet architectures11 Apr 2023
- 2023Optimizing Neural Networks through Activation Function Discovery and Automatic Weight Initialization6 Apr 2023
- 2023Neural Architecture Search: Insights from 1000 Papers20 Jan 2023
- 2023Dataset Distillation: A Comprehensive Review17 Jan 2023
- 2023Efficient Activation Function Optimization through Surrogate Modeling13 Jan 2023
- 2022Source-Free Unsupervised Domain Adaptation: A Survey31 Dec 2022
- 2022Medical Image Segmentation Review: The success of U-Net27 Nov 2022
- 2022NAS-Bench-Suite-Zero: Accelerating Research on Zero Cost Proxies6 Oct 2022
- 2022Guided Evolutionary Neural Architecture Search With Efficient Performance Estimation22 Jul 2022
- 2022ERNAS: An Evolutionary Neural Architecture Search for Magnetic Resonance Image Reconstructions15 Jun 2022
- 2022Exploring the Intersection between Neural Architecture Search and Continual Learning11 Jun 2022
- 2022Incremental Learning with Differentiable Architecture and Forgetting Search19 May 2022
- 2022Enable Deep Learning on Mobile Devices: Methods, Systems, and Applications25 Apr 2022
- 2022A Comprehensive Survey on Automated Machine Learning for Recommendations4 Apr 2022
- 2022LiteTransformerSearch: Training-free Neural Architecture Search for Efficient Language Models4 Mar 2022
- 2022Neural Architecture Search for Dense Prediction Tasks in Computer Vision15 Feb 2022
- 2022Momentum Capsule Networks26 Jan 2022
- 2021Automated Deep Learning: Neural Architecture Search Is Not the End16 Dec 2021
- 2021Scale-Aware Neural Architecture Search for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting14 Dec 2021
- 2021deepstruct -- linking deep learning and graph theory12 Nov 2021
- 2021Guided Evolution for Neural Architecture Search28 Oct 2021
50 newest of 71 All 71 (JSON)
- 2021CONetV2: Efficient Auto-Channel Size Optimization for CNNs13 Oct 2021
- 2022Medical Image Segmentation Review: The success of U-Netcited by 191
- 2023Neural Architecture Search: Insights from 1000 Paperscited by 139
- 2023Dataset Distillation: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 127
- 2021How Powerful are Performance Predictors in Neural Architecture Search?cited by 90
- 2022Source-Free Unsupervised Domain Adaptation: A Surveycited by 80
- 2021A Comprehensive Survey on Hardware-Aware Neural Architecture Searchcited by 61
- 2022NAS-Bench-Suite-Zero: Accelerating Research on Zero Cost Proxiescited by 36
- 2023AutoML in the Age of Large Language Models: Current Challenges, Future Opportunities and Riskscited by 35
- 2022Enable Deep Learning on Mobile Devices: Methods, Systems, and Applicationscited by 32
- 2023A Survey on Deep Learning-Based Monocular Spacecraft Pose Estimation: Current State, Limitations and Prospectscited by 30
- 2021EPE-NAS: Efficient Performance Estimation Without Training for Neural Architecture Searchcited by 24
- 2023Zero-Shot Neural Architecture Search: Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunitiescited by 21
12 most cited of 68 All 68 (JSON)
- 2026Bi-NAS: Towards Effective and Personalized Explanation for Recommender Systems via Bi-Level Neural Architecture Search1 Jul 2026
- 2026HERCULES: Hardware-Efficient, Robust, Continual Learning Neural Architecture Search3 May 2026
- 2025MultiGA: Leveraging Multi-Source Seeding in Genetic Algorithms21 Nov 2025
- 2025A reproducible comparative study of categorical kernels for Gaussian process regression, with new clustering-based nested kernels2 Oct 2025
- 2025PhaseNAS: Language-Model Driven Architecture Search with Dynamic Phase Adaptation28 Jul 2025
- 2025SEAL: Searching Expandable Architectures for Incremental Learning15 May 2025
- 2024Adaptive Dropout for Pruning Conformers6 Dec 2024
- 2024On the Adversarial Transferability of Generalized "Skip Connections"11 Oct 2024
- 2024Simultaneous Weight and Architecture Optimization for Neural Networks10 Oct 2024
- 2024Activation Function Optimization Scheme for Image Classification7 Sep 2024
- 2024Generative flow induced neural architecture search: Towards discovering optimal architecture in wavelet neural operator11 May 2024
- 2024From Algorithm to Hardware: A Survey on Efficient and Safe Deployment of Deep Neural Networks9 May 2024
12 newest of 68 All 68 (JSON)