mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Formula RL: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Racing using Telemetry Data

arXiv 2104.11106 ↗First posted 22 Apr 2021cs.AIcited by 10

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

This paper explores the use of reinforcement learning (RL) models for autonomous racing. In contrast to passenger cars, where safety is the top priority, a racing car aims to minimize the lap-time. We frame the problem as a reinforcement learning task with a multidimensional input consisting of the vehicle telemetry, and a continuous action space. To find out which RL methods better solve the problem and whether the obtained models generalize to driving on unknown tracks, we put 10 variants of deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) to race in two experiments: i)~studying how RL methods learn to drive a racing car and ii)~studying how the learning scenario influences the capability of the models to generalize. Our studies show that models trained with RL are not only able to drive faster than the baseline open source handcrafted bots but also generalize to unknown tracks.

Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Apr 2021.

Builds on

11 of 24 references.

References · 11

  1. 2015Continuous control with deep reinforcement learningcited by 3,407
  2. 2013Playing Atari with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 3,274
  3. 2016Asynchronous Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 2,258
  4. 2015Prioritized Experience Replaycited by 1,099
  5. 2015Deep Recurrent Q-Learning for Partially Observable MDPscited by 465
  6. 2017Leveraging Demonstrations for Deep Reinforcement Learning on Robotics Problems with Sparse Rewardscited by 319
  7. 2015DeepDriving: Learning Affordance for Direct Perception in Autonomous Drivingcited by 231
  8. 2018End-to-End Race Driving with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 40
  9. 2013Simulated Car Racing Championship: Competition Software Manualcited by 8
  10. 2017Meta learning Framework for Automated Drivingcited by 6
  11. 2017Aggressive Deep Driving: Model Predictive Control with a CNN Cost Modelcited by 6

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 1; 2024: 4; 2025: 4.

10 papers.