mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

SSPC-Net: Semi-supervised Semantic 3D Point Cloud Segmentation Network

arXiv 2104.07861 ↗First posted 16 Apr 2021cs.CVcited by 54

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Abstract (arXiv)

Point cloud semantic segmentation is a crucial task in 3D scene understanding. Existing methods mainly focus on employing a large number of annotated labels for supervised semantic segmentation. Nonetheless, manually labeling such large point clouds for the supervised segmentation task is time-consuming. In order to reduce the number of annotated labels, we propose a semi-supervised semantic point cloud segmentation network, named SSPC-Net, where we train the semantic segmentation network by inferring the labels of unlabeled points from the few annotated 3D points. In our method, we first partition the whole point cloud into superpoints and build superpoint graphs to mine the long-range dependencies in point clouds. Based on the constructed superpoint graph, we then develop a dynamic label propagation method to generate the pseudo labels for the unsupervised superpoints. Particularly, we adopt a superpoint dropout strategy to dynamically select the generated pseudo labels. In order to fully exploit the generated pseudo labels of the unsupervised superpoints, we furthermore propose a coupled attention mechanism for superpoint feature embedding. Finally, we employ the cross-entropy loss to train the semantic segmentation network with the labels of the supervised superpoints and the pseudo labels of the unsupervised superpoints. Experiments on various datasets demonstrate that our semi-supervised segmentation method can achieve better performance than the current semi-supervised segmentation method with fewer annotated 3D points. Our code is available at https://github.com/MMCheng/SSPC-Net.

Key facts. Cited by 54 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Apr 2021.

Builds on

24 of 35 references.

References · 24

  1. 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,248
  2. 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,401
  3. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
  4. 2015Learning Deep Features for Discriminative Localizationcited by 2,436
  5. 2018Dynamic Graph CNN for Learning on Point Cloudscited by 2,223
  6. 2019KPConv: Flexible and Deformable Convolution for Point Cloudscited by 1,205
  7. 2015Gated Graph Sequence Neural Networkscited by 796
  8. 2018PointCNN: Convolution On X-Transformed Pointscited by 764
  9. 2019RandLA-Net: Efficient Semantic Segmentation of Large-Scale Point Cloudscited by 585
  10. 2015Multi-view Convolutional Neural Networks for 3D Shape Recognitioncited by 565
  11. 2017Large-scale Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation with Superpoint Graphscited by 385
  12. 2016Virtual Worlds as Proxy for Multi-Object Tracking Analysiscited by 341
12 more
  1. 2016Volumetric and Multi-View CNNs for Object Classification on 3D Datacited by 240
  2. 2018Tangent Convolutions for Dense Prediction in 3Dcited by 173
  3. 2017Escape from Cells: Deep Kd-Networks for the Recognition of 3D Point Cloud Modelscited by 142
  4. 2017Pointwise Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 127
  5. 2018Point2Sequence: Learning the Shape Representation of 3D Point Clouds with an Attention-based Sequence to Sequence Networkcited by 100
  6. 2020Multi-Path Region Mining For Weakly Supervised 3D Semantic Segmentation on Point Cloudscited by 71
  7. 2020Weakly Supervised Semantic Point Cloud Segmentation:Towards 10X Fewer Labelscited by 45
  8. 2019JSNet: Joint Instance and Semantic Segmentation of 3D Point Cloudscited by 27
  9. 2019Point2Node: Correlation Learning of Dynamic-Node for Point Cloud Feature Modelingcited by 25
  10. 2018Semantic Segmentation of 3D LiDAR Data in Dynamic Scene Using Semi-supervised Learningcited by 19
  11. 2016Orientation-boosted Voxel Nets for 3D Object Recognitioncited by 17
  12. 2019Point Cloud Processing via Recurrent Set Encodingcited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 14; 2023: 18; 2024: 9; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.

54 papers.

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  1. 2022LaserMix for Semi-Supervised LiDAR Semantic Segmentationcited by 93
  2. 2022Scribble-Supervised LiDAR Semantic Segmentationcited by 69
  3. 20213D Siamese Voxel-to-BEV Tracker for Sparse Point Cloudscited by 54
  4. 2024Multi-Modal Data-Efficient 3D Scene Understanding for Autonomous Drivingcited by 54
  5. 2023SAMPro3D: Locating SAM Prompts in 3D for Zero-Shot Instance Segmentationcited by 44
  6. 2022MM-PCQA: Multi-Modal Learning for No-reference Point Cloud Quality Assessmentcited by 39
  7. 2024SuperGSeg: Open-Vocabulary 3D Segmentation with Structured Super-Gaussianscited by 33
  8. 2023Self-Supervised 3D Scene Flow Estimation Guided by Superpointscited by 24
  9. 2023Hierarchical Point-based Active Learning for Semi-supervised Point Cloud Semantic Segmentationcited by 21
  10. 2023A Survey of Label-Efficient Deep Learning for 3D Point Cloudscited by 20
  11. 2021Superpoint-guided Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation of 3D Point Cloudscited by 19
  12. 2024LMM-PCQA: Assisting Point Cloud Quality Assessment with LMMcited by 19
38 more
  1. 2021SSPU-Net: Self-Supervised Point Cloud Upsampling via Differentiable Renderingcited by 17
  2. 2022LiDAL: Inter-frame Uncertainty Based Active Learning for 3D LiDAR Semantic Segmentationcited by 16
  3. 2022Visual Semantic Segmentation Based on Few/Zero-Shot Learning: An Overviewcited by 16
  4. 2021Point Cloud Instance Segmentation with Semi-supervised Bounding-Box Miningcited by 15
  5. 2023An Effective Motion-Centric Paradigm for 3D Single Object Tracking in Point Cloudscited by 14
  6. 2022Learning Inter-Superpoint Affinity for Weakly Supervised 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 13
  7. 2023All Points Matter: Entropy-Regularized Distribution Alignment for Weakly-supervised 3D Segmentationcited by 13
  8. 2024Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation Based on Pseudo-Labels: A Surveycited by 12
  9. 2022Box2Seg: Learning Semantics of 3D Point Clouds with Box-Level Supervisioncited by 11
  10. 2022GaIA: Graphical Information Gain based Attention Network for Weakly Supervised Point Cloud Semantic Segmentationcited by 9
  11. 2022Synthetic-to-Real Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentation for 3D Indoor Point Cloudscited by 8
  12. 2023Discwise Active Learning for LiDAR Semantic Segmentationcited by 7
  13. 2023Leveraging Large-Scale Pretrained Vision Foundation Models for Label-Efficient 3D Point Cloud Segmentationcited by 7
  14. 2025Unsupervised deep learning for semantic segmentation of multispectral LiDAR forest point cloudscited by 7
  15. 2023You Never Get a Second Chance To Make a Good First Impression: Seeding Active Learning for 3D Semantic Segmentationcited by 6
  16. 2023FreePoint: Unsupervised Point Cloud Instance Segmentationcited by 6
  17. 20232D Feature Distillation for Weakly- and Semi-Supervised 3D Semantic Segmentationcited by 6
  18. 2023Beyond the Label Itself: Latent Labels Enhance Semi-supervised Point Cloud Panoptic Segmentationcited by 6
  19. 2024Class-Imbalanced Semi-Supervised Learning for Large-Scale Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation via Decoupling Optimizationcited by 6
  20. 2021Point Discriminative Learning for Data-efficient 3D Point Cloud Analysiscited by 5
  21. 2022Reconstruction-Aware Prior Distillation for Semi-supervised Point Cloud Completioncited by 5
  22. 2022Active Self-Training for Weakly Supervised 3D Scene Semantic Segmentationcited by 5
  23. 2022One Class One Click: Quasi Scene-level Weakly Supervised Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation with Active Learningcited by 5
  24. 2023Reliability-Adaptive Consistency Regularization for Weakly-Supervised Point Cloud Segmentationcited by 5
  25. 2024ItTakesTwo: Leveraging Peer Representations for Semi-supervised LiDAR Semantic Segmentationcited by 5
  26. 2025LiDAR Remote Sensing Meets Weak Supervision: Concepts, Methods, and Perspectivescited by 4
  27. 2022Open-Set Semi-Supervised Learning for 3D Point Cloud Understandingcited by 3
  28. 2023Model2Scene: Learning 3D Scene Representation via Contrastive Language-CAD Models Pre-trainingcited by 3
  29. 2025HiLoTs: High-Low Temporal Sensitive Representation Learning for Semi-Supervised LiDAR Segmentation in Autonomous Drivingcited by 3
  30. 20253DResT: A Strong Baseline for Semi-Supervised 3D Referring Expression Segmentationcited by 2
  31. 2026P-SLCR: Unsupervised Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation via Prototypes Structure Learning and Consistent Reasoningcited by 2
  32. 2024Towards Modality-agnostic Label-efficient Segmentation with Entropy-Regularized Distribution Alignmentcited by 1
  33. 2024Bayesian Self-Training for Semi-Supervised 3D Segmentationcited by 1
  34. 2025Generative Data Augmentation for Object Point Cloud Segmentationcited by 1
  35. 2022Box2Mask: Weakly Supervised 3D Semantic Instance Segmentation Using Bounding Boxescited by 0
  36. 2023NP2L: Negative Pseudo Partial Labels Extraction for Graph Neural Networkscited by 0
  37. 2023PotholeGuard: A Pothole Detection Approach by Point Cloud Semantic Segmentationcited by 0
  38. 2023A Review and A Robust Framework of Data-Efficient 3D Scene Parsing with Traditional/Learned 3D Descriptorscited by 0

50 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)