No frame left behind: Full Video Action Recognition
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Abstract (arXiv)
Not all video frames are equally informative for recognizing an action. It is computationally infeasible to train deep networks on all video frames when actions develop over hundreds of frames. A common heuristic is uniformly sampling a small number of video frames and using these to recognize the action. Instead, here we propose full video action recognition and consider all video frames. To make this computational tractable, we first cluster all frame activations along the temporal dimension based on their similarity with respect to the classification task, and then temporally aggregate the frames in the clusters into a smaller number of representations. Our method is end-to-end trainable and computationally efficient as it relies on temporally localized clustering in combination with fast Hamming distances in feature space. We evaluate on UCF101, HMDB51, Breakfast, and Something-Something V1 and V2, where we compare favorably to existing heuristic frame sampling methods.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Mar 2021.
Builds on
40 of 54 references.
References · 40
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- 2015Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shiftcited by 6,979
- 2017Quo Vadis, Action Recognition? A New Model and the Kinetics Datasetcited by 3,259
- 2017The Kinetics Human Action Video Datasetcited by 1,894
- 2018SlowFast Networks for Video Recognitioncited by 1,862
- 2017The "something something" video database for learning and evaluating visual common sensecited by 1,092
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- 2016Temporal Segment Networks: Towards Good Practices for Deep Action Recognitioncited by 899
- 2018TSM: Temporal Shift Module for Efficient Video Understandingcited by 852
- 2016Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Costcited by 825
- 2017Can Spatiotemporal 3D CNNs Retrace the History of 2D CNNs and ImageNet?cited by 551
- 2017Rethinking Spatiotemporal Feature Learning: Speed-Accuracy Trade-offs in Video Classificationcited by 521
28 more
- 2016Convolutional Two-Stream Network Fusion for Video Action Recognitioncited by 384
- 2017Temporal Relational Reasoning in Videoscited by 324
- 2018Videos as Space-Time Region Graphscited by 221
- 2017The Reversible Residual Network: Backpropagation Without Storing Activationscited by 215
- 2019STM: SpatioTemporal and Motion Encoding for Action Recognitioncited by 142
- 2018AdaFrame: Adaptive Frame Selection for Fast Video Recognitioncited by 134
- 2019SCSampler: Sampling Salient Clips from Video for Efficient Action Recognitioncited by 133
- 2018ECO: Efficient Convolutional Network for Online Video Understandingcited by 115
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- 2018Timeception for Complex Action Recognitioncited by 89
- 2019Gate-Shift Networks for Video Action Recognitioncited by 76
- 2017ActionVLAD: Learning spatio-temporal aggregation for action classificationcited by 73
- 2020MotionSqueeze: Neural Motion Feature Learning for Video Understandingcited by 72
- 2017Reversible Architectures for Arbitrarily Deep Residual Neural Networkscited by 69
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- 2019LiteEval: A Coarse-to-Fine Framework for Resource Efficient Video Recognitioncited by 65
- 2019VideoGraph: Recognizing Minutes-Long Human Activities in Videoscited by 57
- 2019A Multigrid Method for Efficiently Training Video Modelscited by 52
- 2014Learning Spatiotemporal Features with 3D Convolutional Networkscited by 43
- 2015Differential Recurrent Neural Networks for Action Recognitioncited by 39
- 2019E2-Train: Training State-of-the-art CNNs with Over 80% Energy Savingscited by 36
- 2015Rank Pooling for Action Recognitioncited by 29
- 2020Randomized Automatic Differentiationcited by 23
- 2017Two Stream LSTM: A Deep Fusion Framework for Human Action Recognitioncited by 18
- 2019Action recognition with spatial-temporal discriminative filter bankscited by 15
- 2020Dithered backprop: A sparse and quantized backpropagation algorithm for more efficient deep neural network trainingcited by 11
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- 2018Deep Adaptive Temporal Pooling for Activity Recognitioncited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 8; 2023: 5; 2024: 5; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.
24 papers.
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- 2022Revisiting the "Video" in Video-Language Understandingcited by 167
- 2024TOMATO: Assessing Visual Temporal Reasoning Capabilities in Multimodal Foundation Modelscited by 71
- 2022FERV39k: A Large-Scale Multi-Scene Dataset for Facial Expression Recognition in Videoscited by 69
- 2024On the Content Bias in Fr'echet Video Distancecited by 51
- 2022STAR-Transformer: A Spatio-temporal Cross Attention Transformer for Human Action Recognitioncited by 43
- 2022DirecFormer: A Directed Attention in Transformer Approach to Robust Action Recognitioncited by 31
- 2023Dancing with Still Images: Video Distillation via Static-Dynamic Disentanglementcited by 21
- 2022Cross-Modal Learning with 3D Deformable Attention for Action Recognitioncited by 20
- 2024HandsOnVLM: Vision-Language Models for Hand-Object Interaction Predictioncited by 15
- 2022Stochastic Backpropagation: A Memory Efficient Strategy for Training Video Modelscited by 14
- 2023Objects do not disappear: Video object detection by single-frame object location anticipationcited by 7
- 2025StPR: Spatiotemporal Preservation and Routing for Exemplar-Free Video Class-Incremental Learningcited by 7
12 more
- 2023Spatial-temporal Transformer-guided Diffusion based Data Augmentation for Efficient Skeleton-based Action Recognitioncited by 4
- 2025Understanding Complexity in VideoQA via Visual Program Generationcited by 3
- 2022Detection of Fights in Videos: A Comparison Study of Anomaly Detection and Action Recognitioncited by 2
- 2023Video BagNet: short temporal receptive fields increase robustness in long-term action recognitioncited by 2
- 2024MARINE: A Computer Vision Model for Detecting Rare Predator-Prey Interactions in Animal Videoscited by 2
- 2021STSM: Spatio-Temporal Shift Module for Efficient Action Recognitioncited by 1
- 2023JEDI: Joint Expert Distillation in a Semi-Supervised Multi-Dataset Student-Teacher Scenario for Video Action Recognitioncited by 1
- 2025Latent Video Dataset Distillationcited by 1
- 2025Concepts in Motion: Temporal Concept Bottleneck Model for Interpretable Video Classificationcited by 1
- 2022How Do You Do It? Fine-Grained Action Understanding with Pseudo-Adverbscited by 0
- 2024ALow-Cost Real-Time Framework for Industrial Action Recognition Using Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2026TT-VidT: Decoupling the Temporal Axis for Efficient Motion-Centric Video Pretrainingcited by 0
- 2026TT-VidT: Decoupling the Temporal Axis for Efficient Motion-Centric Video Pretraining27 Sep 2026
- 2025Concepts in Motion: Temporal Concept Bottleneck Model for Interpretable Video Classification25 Sep 2025
- 2025StPR: Spatiotemporal Preservation and Routing for Exemplar-Free Video Class-Incremental Learning20 May 2025
- 2025Understanding Complexity in VideoQA via Visual Program Generation19 May 2025
- 2025Latent Video Dataset Distillation23 Apr 2025
- 2024HandsOnVLM: Vision-Language Models for Hand-Object Interaction Prediction17 Dec 2024
- 2024TOMATO: Assessing Visual Temporal Reasoning Capabilities in Multimodal Foundation Models30 Oct 2024
- 2024MARINE: A Computer Vision Model for Detecting Rare Predator-Prey Interactions in Animal Videos25 Jul 2024
- 2024On the Content Bias in Fr'echet Video Distance18 Apr 2024
- 2024ALow-Cost Real-Time Framework for Industrial Action Recognition Using Foundation Models13 Mar 2024
- 2023Dancing with Still Images: Video Distillation via Static-Dynamic Disentanglement1 Dec 2023
- 2023Video BagNet: short temporal receptive fields increase robustness in long-term action recognition22 Aug 2023
12 more
- 2023JEDI: Joint Expert Distillation in a Semi-Supervised Multi-Dataset Student-Teacher Scenario for Video Action Recognition9 Aug 2023
- 2023Objects do not disappear: Video object detection by single-frame object location anticipation9 Aug 2023
- 2023Spatial-temporal Transformer-guided Diffusion based Data Augmentation for Efficient Skeleton-based Action Recognition26 Feb 2023
- 2022Cross-Modal Learning with 3D Deformable Attention for Action Recognition12 Dec 2022
- 2022STAR-Transformer: A Spatio-temporal Cross Attention Transformer for Human Action Recognition14 Oct 2022
- 2022Revisiting the "Video" in Video-Language Understanding3 Jun 2022
- 2022Detection of Fights in Videos: A Comparison Study of Anomaly Detection and Action Recognition23 May 2022
- 2022Stochastic Backpropagation: A Memory Efficient Strategy for Training Video Models31 Mar 2022
- 2022How Do You Do It? Fine-Grained Action Understanding with Pseudo-Adverbs23 Mar 2022
- 2022DirecFormer: A Directed Attention in Transformer Approach to Robust Action Recognition19 Mar 2022
- 2022FERV39k: A Large-Scale Multi-Scene Dataset for Facial Expression Recognition in Videos17 Mar 2022
- 2021STSM: Spatio-Temporal Shift Module for Efficient Action Recognition5 Dec 2021
- 2022Revisiting the "Video" in Video-Language Understandingcited by 167
- 2022FERV39k: A Large-Scale Multi-Scene Dataset for Facial Expression Recognition in Videoscited by 69
- 2024On the Content Bias in Fr'echet Video Distancecited by 51
- 2022STAR-Transformer: A Spatio-temporal Cross Attention Transformer for Human Action Recognitioncited by 43
- 2022DirecFormer: A Directed Attention in Transformer Approach to Robust Action Recognitioncited by 31
- 2023Dancing with Still Images: Video Distillation via Static-Dynamic Disentanglementcited by 21
- 2022Cross-Modal Learning with 3D Deformable Attention for Action Recognitioncited by 20
- 2022Stochastic Backpropagation: A Memory Efficient Strategy for Training Video Modelscited by 14
- 2023Objects do not disappear: Video object detection by single-frame object location anticipationcited by 7
- 2025Understanding Complexity in VideoQA via Visual Program Generationcited by 3
- 2022Detection of Fights in Videos: A Comparison Study of Anomaly Detection and Action Recognitioncited by 2
- 2023Video BagNet: short temporal receptive fields increase robustness in long-term action recognitioncited by 2
12 most cited of 20 All 20 (JSON)
- 2026TT-VidT: Decoupling the Temporal Axis for Efficient Motion-Centric Video Pretraining27 Sep 2026
- 2025Concepts in Motion: Temporal Concept Bottleneck Model for Interpretable Video Classification25 Sep 2025
- 2025Understanding Complexity in VideoQA via Visual Program Generation19 May 2025
- 2025Latent Video Dataset Distillation23 Apr 2025
- 2024MARINE: A Computer Vision Model for Detecting Rare Predator-Prey Interactions in Animal Videos25 Jul 2024
- 2024On the Content Bias in Fr'echet Video Distance18 Apr 2024
- 2024ALow-Cost Real-Time Framework for Industrial Action Recognition Using Foundation Models13 Mar 2024
- 2023Dancing with Still Images: Video Distillation via Static-Dynamic Disentanglement1 Dec 2023
- 2023Video BagNet: short temporal receptive fields increase robustness in long-term action recognition22 Aug 2023
- 2023JEDI: Joint Expert Distillation in a Semi-Supervised Multi-Dataset Student-Teacher Scenario for Video Action Recognition9 Aug 2023
- 2023Objects do not disappear: Video object detection by single-frame object location anticipation9 Aug 2023
- 2022Cross-Modal Learning with 3D Deformable Attention for Action Recognition12 Dec 2022
12 newest of 20 All 20 (JSON)