Anchor-Free Person Search
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Abstract (arXiv)
Person search aims to simultaneously localize and identify a query person from realistic, uncropped images, which can be regarded as the unified task of pedestrian detection and person re-identification (re-id). Most existing works employ two-stage detectors like Faster-RCNN, yielding encouraging accuracy but with high computational overhead. In this work, we present the Feature-Aligned Person Search Network (AlignPS), the first anchor-free framework to efficiently tackle this challenging task. AlignPS explicitly addresses the major challenges, which we summarize as the misalignment issues in different levels (i.e., scale, region, and task), when accommodating an anchor-free detector for this task. More specifically, we propose an aligned feature aggregation module to generate more discriminative and robust feature embeddings by following a "re-id first" principle. Such a simple design directly improves the baseline anchor-free model on CUHK-SYSU by more than 20% in mAP. Moreover, AlignPS outperforms state-of-the-art two-stage methods, with a higher speed. Code is available at https://github.com/daodaofr/AlignPS
Key facts. Cited by 42 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Mar 2021.
Builds on
37 of 57 references.
References · 37
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,617
- 2016Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detectioncited by 5,021
- 2015You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detectioncited by 4,829
- 2015SSD: Single Shot MultiBox Detectorcited by 3,125
- 2019FCOS: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detectioncited by 1,573
- 2017Deformable Convolutional Networkscited by 1,481
- 2016YOLO9000: Better, Faster, Strongercited by 1,429
- 2019MMDetection: Open MMLab Detection Toolbox and Benchmarkcited by 1,379
- 2017Cascade R-CNN: Delving into High Quality Object Detectioncited by 1,275
- 2019Objects as Pointscited by 1,172
- 2017In Defense of the Triplet Loss for Person Re-Identificationcited by 784
25 more
- 2018CornerNet: Detecting Objects as Paired Keypointscited by 763
- 2019CenterNet: Keypoint Triplets for Object Detectioncited by 654
- 2020FairMOT: On the Fairness of Detection and Re-Identification in Multiple Object Trackingcited by 489
- 2017Person Transfer GAN to Bridge Domain Gap for Person Re-Identificationcited by 479
- 2017Beyond Part Models: Person Retrieval with Refined Part Pooling (and a Strong Convolutional Baseline)cited by 472
- 2017Unlabeled Samples Generated by GAN Improve the Person Re-identification Baseline in vitrocited by 280
- 2019RepPoints: Point Set Representation for Object Detectioncited by 264
- 2019Libra R-CNN: Towards Balanced Learning for Object Detectioncited by 255
- 2016Joint Detection and Identification Feature Learning for Person Searchcited by 190
- 2017Beyond triplet loss: a deep quadruplet network for person re-identificationcited by 172
- 2017CityPersons: A Diverse Dataset for Pedestrian Detectioncited by 171
- 2016Person Re-identification in the Wildcited by 157
- 2017Single-Shot Refinement Neural Network for Object Detectioncited by 129
- 2017Pose-driven Deep Convolutional Model for Person Re-identificationcited by 86
- 2020Revisiting the Sibling Head in Object Detectorcited by 82
- 2018FD-GAN: Pose-guided Feature Distilling GAN for Robust Person Re-identificationcited by 70
- 2019Learning Context Graph for Person Searchcited by 55
- 2018Person Search via A Mask-Guided Two-Stream CNN Modelcited by 44
- 2019Re-ID Driven Localization Refinement for Person Searchcited by 41
- 2019Query-guided End-to-End Person Searchcited by 40
- 2018Person Search by Multi-Scale Matchingcited by 36
- 2017Person Re-Identification by Camera Correlation Aware Feature Augmentationcited by 35
- 2017Neural Person Search Machinescited by 35
- 2017IAN: The Individual Aggregation Network for Person Searchcited by 29
- 2016Person Re-Identification by Discriminative Selection in Video Rankingcited by 16
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 10; 2023: 12; 2024: 6; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.
42 papers.
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- 2023Beyond Appearance: a Semantic Controllable Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Human-Centric Visual Taskscited by 94
- 2022Cascade Transformers for End-to-End Person Searchcited by 31
- 2022PSTR: End-to-End One-Step Person Search With Transformerscited by 26
- 2021Exploring Visual Context for Weakly Supervised Person Searchcited by 16
- 2021EAN: Event Adaptive Network for Enhanced Action Recognitioncited by 16
- 2022OIMNet++: Prototypical Normalization and Localization-aware Learning for Person Searchcited by 12
- 2023Ground-to-Aerial Person Search: Benchmark Dataset and Approachcited by 9
- 2022Gallery Filter Network for Person Searchcited by 8
- 2022Domain Adaptive Person Searchcited by 7
- 2023Self-similarity Driven Scale-invariant Learning for Weakly Supervised Person Searchcited by 7
- 2021Context-Aware Unsupervised Clustering for Person Searchcited by 6
- 2021Efficient Person Search: An Anchor-Free Approachcited by 5
30 more
- 2023Rethinking Cross-Domain Pedestrian Detection: A Background-Focused Distribution Alignment Framework for Instance-Free One-Stage Detectorscited by 5
- 2021MovieNet-PS: A Large-Scale Person Search Dataset in the Wildcited by 4
- 2023Deep Intra-Image Contrastive Learning for Weakly Supervised One-Step Person Searchcited by 4
- 2021Making Person Search Enjoy the Merits of Person Re-identificationcited by 3
- 2022CGUA: Context-Guided and Unpaired-Assisted Weakly Supervised Person Searchcited by 3
- 2022Query-Guided Networks for Few-shot Fine-grained Classification and Person Searchcited by 3
- 2023PSDiff: Diffusion Model for Person Search with Iterative and Collaborative Refinementcited by 2
- 2024Scene-Adaptive Person Search via Bilateral Modulationscited by 2
- 2021Head and Body: Unified Detector and Graph Network for Person Search in Mediacited by 1
- 2022Grouped Adaptive Loss Weighting for Person Searchcited by 1
- 2022PS-ARM: An End-to-End Attention-aware Relation Mixer Network for Person Searchcited by 1
- 2022Sequential Transformer for End-to-End Person Searchcited by 1
- 2023LEAPS: End-to-End One-Step Person Search With Learnable Proposalscited by 1
- 2023DDAM-PS: Diligent Domain Adaptive Mixer for Person Searchcited by 1
- 2024Fast One-Stage Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Person Searchcited by 1
- 2024Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Person Search via Dual Self-Calibrationcited by 1
- 2025Uncertainty-Aware Prototype Semantic Decoupling for Text-Based Person Search in Full Imagescited by 1
- 2025SA-Person: Text-Based Person Retrieval with Scene-aware Re-rankingcited by 1
- 2025To New Beginnings: A Survey of Unified Perception in Autonomous Vehicle Softwarecited by 1
- 2025Leveraging Prior Knowledge of Diffusion Model for Person Searchcited by 1
- 2021Subtask-dominated Transfer Learning for Long-tail Person Searchcited by 0
- 2023CA-CentripetalNet: A novel anchor-free deep learning framework for hardhat wearing detectioncited by 0
- 2023Domain Adaptive Person Search via GAN-based Scene Synthesis for Cross-scene Videoscited by 0
- 2023Towards Fully Decoupled End-to-End Person Searchcited by 0
- 2023Prototype-Guided Text-based Person Search based on Rich Chinese Descriptionscited by 0
- 2024Lifelong Person Searchcited by 0
- 2024Mean Height Aided Post-Processing for Pedestrian Detectioncited by 0
- 2024Swap Path Network for Robust Person Search Pre-trainingcited by 0
- 2025Transformer-Based Person Search with High-Frequency Augmentation and Multi-Wave Mixingcited by 0
- 2026ICON: Invariant Counterfactual Optimization with Neuro-Symbolic Priors for Text-Based Person Searchcited by 0
- 2026ICON: Invariant Counterfactual Optimization with Neuro-Symbolic Priors for Text-Based Person Search22 Jan 2026
- 2025Leveraging Prior Knowledge of Diffusion Model for Person Search2 Oct 2025
- 2025To New Beginnings: A Survey of Unified Perception in Autonomous Vehicle Software28 Aug 2025
- 2025Transformer-Based Person Search with High-Frequency Augmentation and Multi-Wave Mixing29 Jun 2025
- 2025SA-Person: Text-Based Person Retrieval with Scene-aware Re-ranking30 May 2025
- 2025Uncertainty-Aware Prototype Semantic Decoupling for Text-Based Person Search in Full Images6 May 2025
- 2024Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Person Search via Dual Self-Calibration21 Dec 2024
- 2024Swap Path Network for Robust Person Search Pre-training6 Dec 2024
- 2024Mean Height Aided Post-Processing for Pedestrian Detection24 Aug 2024
- 2024Lifelong Person Search31 Jul 2024
- 2024Scene-Adaptive Person Search via Bilateral Modulations5 May 2024
- 2024Fast One-Stage Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Person Search5 May 2024
30 more
- 2023Prototype-Guided Text-based Person Search based on Rich Chinese Descriptions22 Dec 2023
- 2023DDAM-PS: Diligent Domain Adaptive Mixer for Person Search31 Oct 2023
- 2023PSDiff: Diffusion Model for Person Search with Iterative and Collaborative Refinement20 Sep 2023
- 2023Rethinking Cross-Domain Pedestrian Detection: A Background-Focused Distribution Alignment Framework for Instance-Free One-Stage Detectors15 Sep 2023
- 2023Towards Fully Decoupled End-to-End Person Search10 Sep 2023
- 2023Ground-to-Aerial Person Search: Benchmark Dataset and Approach24 Aug 2023
- 2023Domain Adaptive Person Search via GAN-based Scene Synthesis for Cross-scene Videos8 Aug 2023
- 2023CA-CentripetalNet: A novel anchor-free deep learning framework for hardhat wearing detection9 Jul 2023
- 2023Beyond Appearance: a Semantic Controllable Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Human-Centric Visual Tasks30 Mar 2023
- 2023LEAPS: End-to-End One-Step Person Search With Learnable Proposals21 Mar 2023
- 2023Self-similarity Driven Scale-invariant Learning for Weakly Supervised Person Search25 Feb 2023
- 2023Deep Intra-Image Contrastive Learning for Weakly Supervised One-Step Person Search9 Feb 2023
- 2022Sequential Transformer for End-to-End Person Search6 Nov 2022
- 2022Gallery Filter Network for Person Search24 Oct 2022
- 2022PS-ARM: An End-to-End Attention-aware Relation Mixer Network for Person Search7 Oct 2022
- 2022Grouped Adaptive Loss Weighting for Person Search23 Sep 2022
- 2022Query-Guided Networks for Few-shot Fine-grained Classification and Person Search21 Sep 2022
- 2022Domain Adaptive Person Search25 Jul 2022
- 2022OIMNet++: Prototypical Normalization and Localization-aware Learning for Person Search21 Jul 2022
- 2022PSTR: End-to-End One-Step Person Search With Transformers7 Apr 2022
- 2022CGUA: Context-Guided and Unpaired-Assisted Weakly Supervised Person Search27 Mar 2022
- 2022Cascade Transformers for End-to-End Person Search17 Mar 2022
- 2021MovieNet-PS: A Large-Scale Person Search Dataset in the Wild5 Dec 2021
- 2021Subtask-dominated Transfer Learning for Long-tail Person Search1 Dec 2021
- 2021Head and Body: Unified Detector and Graph Network for Person Search in Media27 Nov 2021
- 2021Context-Aware Unsupervised Clustering for Person Search4 Oct 2021
- 2021Efficient Person Search: An Anchor-Free Approach1 Sep 2021
- 2021Making Person Search Enjoy the Merits of Person Re-identification24 Aug 2021
- 2021EAN: Event Adaptive Network for Enhanced Action Recognition22 Jul 2021
- 2021Exploring Visual Context for Weakly Supervised Person Search19 Jun 2021
- 2023Beyond Appearance: a Semantic Controllable Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Human-Centric Visual Taskscited by 94
- 2022Cascade Transformers for End-to-End Person Searchcited by 31
- 2022PSTR: End-to-End One-Step Person Search With Transformerscited by 26
- 2021Exploring Visual Context for Weakly Supervised Person Searchcited by 16
- 2021EAN: Event Adaptive Network for Enhanced Action Recognitioncited by 16
- 2022OIMNet++: Prototypical Normalization and Localization-aware Learning for Person Searchcited by 12
- 2023Ground-to-Aerial Person Search: Benchmark Dataset and Approachcited by 9
- 2022Gallery Filter Network for Person Searchcited by 8
- 2022Domain Adaptive Person Searchcited by 7
- 2023Self-similarity Driven Scale-invariant Learning for Weakly Supervised Person Searchcited by 7
- 2021Context-Aware Unsupervised Clustering for Person Searchcited by 6
- 2021Efficient Person Search: An Anchor-Free Approachcited by 5
12 most cited of 40 All 40 (JSON)
- 2026ICON: Invariant Counterfactual Optimization with Neuro-Symbolic Priors for Text-Based Person Search22 Jan 2026
- 2025To New Beginnings: A Survey of Unified Perception in Autonomous Vehicle Software28 Aug 2025
- 2025Transformer-Based Person Search with High-Frequency Augmentation and Multi-Wave Mixing29 Jun 2025
- 2025SA-Person: Text-Based Person Retrieval with Scene-aware Re-ranking30 May 2025
- 2025Uncertainty-Aware Prototype Semantic Decoupling for Text-Based Person Search in Full Images6 May 2025
- 2024Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Person Search via Dual Self-Calibration21 Dec 2024
- 2024Swap Path Network for Robust Person Search Pre-training6 Dec 2024
- 2024Mean Height Aided Post-Processing for Pedestrian Detection24 Aug 2024
- 2024Lifelong Person Search31 Jul 2024
- 2024Scene-Adaptive Person Search via Bilateral Modulations5 May 2024
- 2024Fast One-Stage Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Person Search5 May 2024
- 2023Prototype-Guided Text-based Person Search based on Rich Chinese Descriptions22 Dec 2023
12 newest of 40 All 40 (JSON)