Simplified Data Wrangling with ir_datasets
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Abstract (arXiv)
Managing the data for Information Retrieval (IR) experiments can be challenging. Dataset documentation is scattered across the Internet and once one obtains a copy of the data, there are numerous different data formats to work with. Even basic formats can have subtle dataset-specific nuances that need to be considered for proper use. To help mitigate these challenges, we introduce a new robust and lightweight tool (ir_datasets) for acquiring, managing, and performing typical operations over datasets used in IR. We primarily focus on textual datasets used for ad-hoc search. This tool provides both a Python and command line interface to numerous IR datasets and benchmarks. To our knowledge, this is the most extensive tool of its kind. Integrations with popular IR indexing and experimentation toolkits demonstrate the tool's utility. We also provide documentation of these datasets through the ir_datasets catalog: https://ir-datasets.com/. The catalog acts as a hub for information on datasets used in IR, providing core information about what data each benchmark provides as well as links to more detailed information. We welcome community contributions and intend to continue to maintain and grow this tool.
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 82 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Mar 2021.
Builds on
22 of 82 references.
References · 22
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2020Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 3,779
- 2018HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 3,686
- 2017TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehensioncited by 2,895
- 2016MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Datasetcited by 1,591
- 2018FEVER: a large-scale dataset for Fact Extraction and VERificationcited by 1,362
- 2020ColBERT: Efficient and Effective Passage Search via Contextualized Late Interaction over BERTcited by 1,160
- 2019CodeSearchNet Challenge: Evaluating the State of Semantic Code Searchcited by 638
- 2020Fact or Fiction: Verifying Scientific Claimscited by 546
- 2020SPECTER: Document-level Representation Learning using Citation-informed Transformerscited by 426
- 2020Overview of the TREC 2019 deep learning trackcited by 282
- 2020CLIMATE-FEVER: A Dataset for Verification of Real-World Climate Claimscited by 195
10 more
- 2021Overview of the TREC 2020 deep learning trackcited by 193
- 2020CORD-19: The COVID-19 Open Research Datasetcited by 179
- 2021Pyserini: An Easy-to-Use Python Toolkit to Support Replicable IR Research with Sparse and Dense Representationscited by 60
- 2020Efficient Document Re-Ranking for Transformers by Precomputing Term Representationscited by 44
- 2020ORCAS: 18 Million Clicked Query-Document Pairs for Analyzing Searchcited by 34
- 2020Declarative Experimentation in Information Retrieval using PyTerriercited by 29
- 2019ANTIQUE: A Non-Factoid Question Answering Benchmarkcited by 24
- 2020TREC-COVID: Constructing a Pandemic Information Retrieval Test Collectioncited by 23
- 2019WIKIR: A Python toolkit for building a large-scale Wikipedia-based English Information Retrieval Datasetcited by 8
- 2017Content-Based Weak Supervision for Ad-Hoc Re-Rankingcited by 7
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 4; 2024: 7; 2025: 10; 2026: 1.
27 papers.
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- 2024SPLADE-v3: New baselines for SPLADEcited by 69
- 2024Translate-Distill: Learning Cross-Language Dense Retrieval by Translation and Distillationcited by 22
- 2022Introducing Neural Bag of Whole-Words with ColBERTer: Contextualized Late Interactions using Enhanced Reductioncited by 21
- 2025PyLate: Flexible Training and Retrieval for Late Interaction Modelscited by 17
- 2022C3: Continued Pretraining with Contrastive Weak Supervision for Cross Language Ad-Hoc Retrievalcited by 14
- 2023InPars-Light: Cost-Effective Unsupervised Training of Efficient Rankerscited by 14
- 2024An Investigation of Prompt Variations for Zero-shot LLM-based Rankerscited by 7
- 2025Hidden in the Haystack: Smaller Needles are More Difficult for LLMs to Findcited by 7
- 2024Generative Query Reformulation Using Ensemble Prompting, Document Fusion, and Relevance Feedbackcited by 5
- 2025Revisiting the MIMIC-IV Benchmark: Experiments Using Language Models for Electronic Health Recordscited by 5
- 2023Utilizing ChatGPT to Enhance Clinical Trial Enrollmentcited by 4
- 2024KAUCUS: Knowledge Augmented User Simulators for Training Language Model Assistantscited by 4
15 more
- 2023Adapting Learned Sparse Retrieval for Long Documentscited by 3
- 2022Positional Bias in Long-Document Ranking: Impact, Assessment, and Mitigationcited by 2
- 2023InPars Toolkit: A Unified and Reproducible Synthetic Data Generation Pipeline for Neural Information Retrievalcited by 2
- 2025Simple Projection Variants Improve ColBERT Performancecited by 2
- 2022Query-Specific Knowledge Graphs for Complex Finance Topicscited by 1
- 2022Modified Query Expansion Through Generative Adversarial Networks for Information Extraction in E-Commercecited by 1
- 2024Which Neurons Matter in IR? Applying Integrated Gradients-based Methods to Understand Cross-Encoderscited by 1
- 2025Exploring the Effectiveness of Multi-stage Fine-tuning for Cross-encoder Re-rankerscited by 1
- 2024DISCO: DISCovering Overfittings as Causal Rules for Text Classification Modelscited by 0
- 2025Reproducibility and Artifact Consistency of the SIGIR 2022 Recommender Systems Papers Based on Message Passingcited by 0
- 2025REANIMATOR: Reanimate Retrieval Test Collections with Extracted and Synthetic Resourcescited by 0
- 2025QBD-RankedDataGen: Generating Custom Ranked Datasets for Improving Query-By-Document Search Using LLM-Reranking with Reduced Human Effortcited by 0
- 2025A Large-Scale Web Search Dataset for Federated Online Learning to Rankcited by 0
- 2025Embedding-Based Context-Aware Rerankercited by 0
- 2026Adaptive Defense Orchestration for RAG: A Sentinel-Strategist Architecture against Multi-Vector Attackscited by 0
- 2026Adaptive Defense Orchestration for RAG: A Sentinel-Strategist Architecture against Multi-Vector Attacks22 Apr 2026
- 2025Embedding-Based Context-Aware Reranker15 Oct 2025
- 2025Simple Projection Variants Improve ColBERT Performance14 Oct 2025
- 2025A Large-Scale Web Search Dataset for Federated Online Learning to Rank17 Aug 2025
- 2025PyLate: Flexible Training and Retrieval for Late Interaction Models5 Aug 2025
- 2025Hidden in the Haystack: Smaller Needles are More Difficult for LLMs to Find23 May 2025
- 2025QBD-RankedDataGen: Generating Custom Ranked Datasets for Improving Query-By-Document Search Using LLM-Reranking with Reduced Human Effort7 May 2025
- 2025Revisiting the MIMIC-IV Benchmark: Experiments Using Language Models for Electronic Health Records29 Apr 2025
- 2025REANIMATOR: Reanimate Retrieval Test Collections with Extracted and Synthetic Resources10 Apr 2025
- 2025Exploring the Effectiveness of Multi-stage Fine-tuning for Cross-encoder Re-rankers28 Mar 2025
- 2025Reproducibility and Artifact Consistency of the SIGIR 2022 Recommender Systems Papers Based on Message Passing10 Mar 2025
- 2024DISCO: DISCovering Overfittings as Causal Rules for Text Classification Models7 Nov 2024
15 more
- 2024Which Neurons Matter in IR? Applying Integrated Gradients-based Methods to Understand Cross-Encoders27 Jun 2024
- 2024An Investigation of Prompt Variations for Zero-shot LLM-based Rankers20 Jun 2024
- 2024Generative Query Reformulation Using Ensemble Prompting, Document Fusion, and Relevance Feedback27 May 2024
- 2024SPLADE-v3: New baselines for SPLADE11 Mar 2024
- 2024KAUCUS: Knowledge Augmented User Simulators for Training Language Model Assistants29 Jan 2024
- 2024Translate-Distill: Learning Cross-Language Dense Retrieval by Translation and Distillation9 Jan 2024
- 2023InPars Toolkit: A Unified and Reproducible Synthetic Data Generation Pipeline for Neural Information Retrieval10 Jul 2023
- 2023Utilizing ChatGPT to Enhance Clinical Trial Enrollment3 Jun 2023
- 2023Adapting Learned Sparse Retrieval for Long Documents29 May 2023
- 2023InPars-Light: Cost-Effective Unsupervised Training of Efficient Rankers8 Jan 2023
- 2022Modified Query Expansion Through Generative Adversarial Networks for Information Extraction in E-Commerce30 Dec 2022
- 2022Query-Specific Knowledge Graphs for Complex Finance Topics8 Nov 2022
- 2022Positional Bias in Long-Document Ranking: Impact, Assessment, and Mitigation4 Jul 2022
- 2022C3: Continued Pretraining with Contrastive Weak Supervision for Cross Language Ad-Hoc Retrieval25 Apr 2022
- 2022Introducing Neural Bag of Whole-Words with ColBERTer: Contextualized Late Interactions using Enhanced Reduction24 Mar 2022
- 2024Which Neurons Matter in IR? Applying Integrated Gradients-based Methods to Understand Cross-Encoderscited by 1
- 2025REANIMATOR: Reanimate Retrieval Test Collections with Extracted and Synthetic Resourcescited by 0
- 2025Embedding-Based Context-Aware Rerankercited by 0
- 2026Adaptive Defense Orchestration for RAG: A Sentinel-Strategist Architecture against Multi-Vector Attackscited by 0
- 2026Adaptive Defense Orchestration for RAG: A Sentinel-Strategist Architecture against Multi-Vector Attacks22 Apr 2026
- 2025Embedding-Based Context-Aware Reranker15 Oct 2025
- 2025REANIMATOR: Reanimate Retrieval Test Collections with Extracted and Synthetic Resources10 Apr 2025
- 2024Which Neurons Matter in IR? Applying Integrated Gradients-based Methods to Understand Cross-Encoders27 Jun 2024
- 2024SPLADE-v3: New baselines for SPLADEcited by 69
- 2024Translate-Distill: Learning Cross-Language Dense Retrieval by Translation and Distillationcited by 22
- 2022Introducing Neural Bag of Whole-Words with ColBERTer: Contextualized Late Interactions using Enhanced Reductioncited by 21
- 2025PyLate: Flexible Training and Retrieval for Late Interaction Modelscited by 17
- 2022C3: Continued Pretraining with Contrastive Weak Supervision for Cross Language Ad-Hoc Retrievalcited by 14
- 2023InPars-Light: Cost-Effective Unsupervised Training of Efficient Rankerscited by 14
- 2024An Investigation of Prompt Variations for Zero-shot LLM-based Rankerscited by 7
- 2025Hidden in the Haystack: Smaller Needles are More Difficult for LLMs to Findcited by 7
- 2024Generative Query Reformulation Using Ensemble Prompting, Document Fusion, and Relevance Feedbackcited by 5
- 2025Revisiting the MIMIC-IV Benchmark: Experiments Using Language Models for Electronic Health Recordscited by 5
- 2023Utilizing ChatGPT to Enhance Clinical Trial Enrollmentcited by 4
- 2024KAUCUS: Knowledge Augmented User Simulators for Training Language Model Assistantscited by 4
12 most cited of 22 All 22 (JSON)
- 2025Simple Projection Variants Improve ColBERT Performance14 Oct 2025
- 2025A Large-Scale Web Search Dataset for Federated Online Learning to Rank17 Aug 2025
- 2025PyLate: Flexible Training and Retrieval for Late Interaction Models5 Aug 2025
- 2025Hidden in the Haystack: Smaller Needles are More Difficult for LLMs to Find23 May 2025
- 2025QBD-RankedDataGen: Generating Custom Ranked Datasets for Improving Query-By-Document Search Using LLM-Reranking with Reduced Human Effort7 May 2025
- 2025Revisiting the MIMIC-IV Benchmark: Experiments Using Language Models for Electronic Health Records29 Apr 2025
- 2025Exploring the Effectiveness of Multi-stage Fine-tuning for Cross-encoder Re-rankers28 Mar 2025
- 2025Reproducibility and Artifact Consistency of the SIGIR 2022 Recommender Systems Papers Based on Message Passing10 Mar 2025
- 2024DISCO: DISCovering Overfittings as Causal Rules for Text Classification Models7 Nov 2024
- 2024An Investigation of Prompt Variations for Zero-shot LLM-based Rankers20 Jun 2024
- 2024Generative Query Reformulation Using Ensemble Prompting, Document Fusion, and Relevance Feedback27 May 2024
- 2024SPLADE-v3: New baselines for SPLADE11 Mar 2024
12 newest of 22 All 22 (JSON)