Masked Face Recognition for Secure Authentication
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
With the recent world-wide COVID-19 pandemic, using face masks have become an important part of our lives. People are encouraged to cover their faces when in public area to avoid the spread of infection. The use of these face masks has raised a serious question on the accuracy of the facial recognition system used for tracking school/office attendance and to unlock phones. Many organizations use facial recognition as a means of authentication and have already developed the necessary datasets in-house to be able to deploy such a system. Unfortunately, masked faces make it difficult to be detected and recognized, thereby threatening to make the in-house datasets invalid and making such facial recognition systems inoperable. This paper addresses a methodology to use the current facial datasets by augmenting it with tools that enable masked faces to be recognized with low false-positive rates and high overall accuracy, without requiring the user dataset to be recreated by taking new pictures for authentication. We present an open-source tool, MaskTheFace to mask faces effectively creating a large dataset of masked faces. The dataset generated with this tool is then used towards training an effective facial recognition system with target accuracy for masked faces. We report an increase of 38% in the true positive rate for the Facenet system. We also test the accuracy of re-trained system on a custom real-world dataset MFR2 and report similar accuracy.
Key facts. Cited by 47 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 25 Aug 2020.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 20; 2022: 18; 2023: 4; 2024: 4; 2025: 1.
47 papers.
Sort:
- 2022WebFace260M: A Benchmark for Million-Scale Deep Face Recognitioncited by 41
- 2021Self-restrained Triplet Loss for Accurate Masked Face Recognitioncited by 32
- 2021End2End Occluded Face Recognition by Masking Corrupted Featurescited by 24
- 2021MFR 2021: Masked Face Recognition Competitioncited by 23
- 2022COLD Fusion: Calibrated and Ordinal Latent Distribution Fusion for Uncertainty-Aware Multimodal Emotion Recognitioncited by 22
- 2021DeepFace-EMD: Re-ranking Using Patch-wise Earth Mover's Distance Improves Out-Of-Distribution Face Identificationcited by 20
- 2021On Recognizing Occluded Faces in the Wildcited by 15
- 2021Boosting Masked Face Recognition with Multi-Task ArcFacecited by 13
- 2021Masked Face Recognition Challenge: The WebFace260M Track Reportcited by 12
- 2021FocusFace: Multi-task Contrastive Learning for Masked Face Recognitioncited by 12
- 2021FT-TDR: Frequency-guided Transformer and Top-Down Refinement Network for Blind Face Inpaintingcited by 11
- 2021MLFW: A Database for Face Recognition on Masked Facescited by 10
35 more
- 2021Partial Attack Supervision and Regional Weighted Inference for Masked Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 10
- 2021Mask-invariant Face Recognition through Template-level Knowledge Distillationcited by 10
- 2021Masked Face Recognition: Human vs. Machinecited by 9
- 2022Periocular Biometrics and its Relevance to Partially Masked Faces: A Surveycited by 9
- 2021BinaryCoP: Binary Neural Network-based COVID-19 Face-Mask Wear and Positioning Predictor on Edge Devicescited by 7
- 2022OCFR 2022: Competition on Occluded Face Recognition From Synthetically Generated Structure-Aware Occlusionscited by 7
- 2021Contrastive Attention Network with Dense Field Estimation for Face Completioncited by 6
- 2021Unconstrained Face-Mask & Face-Hand Datasets: Building a Computer Vision System to Help Prevent the Transmission of COVID-19cited by 5
- 2022A Survey on Masked Facial Detection Methods and Datasets for Fighting Against COVID-19cited by 5
- 2022A Deep Learning Framework to Reconstruct Face under Maskcited by 5
- 2021A realistic approach to generate masked faces applied on two novel masked face recognition data setscited by 3
- 2022SD-GAN: Semantic Decomposition for Face Image Synthesis with Discrete Attributecited by 3
- 2022HiMFR: A Hybrid Masked Face Recognition Through Face Inpaintingcited by 3
- 2022A Survey on Computer Vision based Human Analysis in the COVID-19 Eracited by 3
- 2024Breaking the Global North Stereotype: A Global South-centric Benchmark Dataset for Auditing and Mitigating Biases in Facial Recognition Systemscited by 3
- 2021A 3D model-based approach for fitting masks to faces in the wildcited by 2
- 2021CoverTheFace: face covering monitoring and demonstrating using deep learning and statistical shape analysiscited by 2
- 2021Balanced Masked and Standard Face Recognitioncited by 2
- 2022A Unified Framework for Masked and Mask-Free Face Recognition via Feature Rectificationcited by 2
- 2023An Exploratory Study of Masked Face Recognition with Machine Learning Algorithmscited by 2
- 2022A Comprehensive Study on Occlusion Invariant Face Recognition under Face Mask Occlusioncited by 1
- 2022Deepfake Detection for Facial Images with Facemaskscited by 1
- 2022Analysis of face detection, face landmarking, and face recognition performance with masked face imagescited by 1
- 2022Masked Face Inpainting Through Residual Attention UNetcited by 1
- 2022Ensemble Learning using Transformers and Convolutional Networks for Masked Face Recognitioncited by 1
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Masked Faces: Recognition, Detection, and Unmaskingcited by 1
- 2022MaskMTL: Attribute prediction in masked facial images with deep multitask learningcited by 0
- 2022Non-Deterministic Face Mask Removal Based On 3D Priorscited by 0
- 2022Learning Representations for Masked Facial Recoverycited by 0
- 2023A Comparative Study of Face Detection Algorithms for Masked Face Detectioncited by 0
- 2023Occlusion Aware Student Emotion Recognition based on Facial Action Unit Detectioncited by 0
- 2023Seeing through the Mask: Multi-task Generative Mask Decoupling Face Recognitioncited by 0
- 2024Mask-up: Investigating Biases in Face Re-identification for Masked Facescited by 0
- 2024Adversarial Watermarking for Face Recognitioncited by 0
- 2025Two-Step Data Augmentation for Masked Face Detection and Recognition: Turning Fake Masks to Realcited by 0
- 2025Two-Step Data Augmentation for Masked Face Detection and Recognition: Turning Fake Masks to Real13 Dec 2025
- 2024Adversarial Watermarking for Face Recognition24 Sep 2024
- 2024Breaking the Global North Stereotype: A Global South-centric Benchmark Dataset for Auditing and Mitigating Biases in Facial Recognition Systems22 Jul 2024
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Masked Faces: Recognition, Detection, and Unmasking9 May 2024
- 2024Mask-up: Investigating Biases in Face Re-identification for Masked Faces21 Feb 2024
- 2023Seeing through the Mask: Multi-task Generative Mask Decoupling Face Recognition20 Nov 2023
- 2023Occlusion Aware Student Emotion Recognition based on Facial Action Unit Detection18 Jul 2023
- 2023An Exploratory Study of Masked Face Recognition with Machine Learning Algorithms14 Jun 2023
- 2023A Comparative Study of Face Detection Algorithms for Masked Face Detection18 May 2023
- 2022Learning Representations for Masked Facial Recovery28 Dec 2022
- 2022A Survey on Computer Vision based Human Analysis in the COVID-19 Era7 Nov 2022
- 2022Ensemble Learning using Transformers and Convolutional Networks for Masked Face Recognition10 Oct 2022
35 more
- 2022HiMFR: A Hybrid Masked Face Recognition Through Face Inpainting19 Sep 2022
- 2022Masked Face Inpainting Through Residual Attention UNet19 Sep 2022
- 2022OCFR 2022: Competition on Occluded Face Recognition From Synthetically Generated Structure-Aware Occlusions4 Aug 2022
- 2022SD-GAN: Semantic Decomposition for Face Image Synthesis with Discrete Attribute12 Jul 2022
- 2022COLD Fusion: Calibrated and Ordinal Latent Distribution Fusion for Uncertainty-Aware Multimodal Emotion Recognition12 Jun 2022
- 2022Analysis of face detection, face landmarking, and face recognition performance with masked face images3 Jun 2022
- 2022WebFace260M: A Benchmark for Million-Scale Deep Face Recognition21 Apr 2022
- 2022Periocular Biometrics and its Relevance to Partially Masked Faces: A Survey29 Mar 2022
- 2022A Deep Learning Framework to Reconstruct Face under Mask23 Mar 2022
- 2022Deepfake Detection for Facial Images with Facemasks23 Feb 2022
- 2022Non-Deterministic Face Mask Removal Based On 3D Priors20 Feb 2022
- 2022A Unified Framework for Masked and Mask-Free Face Recognition via Feature Rectification15 Feb 2022
- 2022A Comprehensive Study on Occlusion Invariant Face Recognition under Face Mask Occlusion22 Jan 2022
- 2022A Survey on Masked Facial Detection Methods and Datasets for Fighting Against COVID-1913 Jan 2022
- 2022MaskMTL: Attribute prediction in masked facial images with deep multitask learning9 Jan 2022
- 2021Contrastive Attention Network with Dense Field Estimation for Face Completion20 Dec 2021
- 2021Mask-invariant Face Recognition through Template-level Knowledge Distillation10 Dec 2021
- 2021DeepFace-EMD: Re-ranking Using Patch-wise Earth Mover's Distance Improves Out-Of-Distribution Face Identification7 Dec 2021
- 2021Partial Attack Supervision and Regional Weighted Inference for Masked Face Presentation Attack Detection8 Nov 2021
- 2021FocusFace: Multi-task Contrastive Learning for Masked Face Recognition28 Oct 2021
- 2021Balanced Masked and Standard Face Recognition4 Oct 2021
- 2021MLFW: A Database for Face Recognition on Masked Faces13 Sep 2021
- 2021On Recognizing Occluded Faces in the Wild8 Sep 2021
- 2021A realistic approach to generate masked faces applied on two novel masked face recognition data sets3 Sep 2021
- 2021CoverTheFace: face covering monitoring and demonstrating using deep learning and statistical shape analysis23 Aug 2021
- 2021End2End Occluded Face Recognition by Masking Corrupted Features21 Aug 2021
- 2021Masked Face Recognition Challenge: The WebFace260M Track Report16 Aug 2021
- 2021FT-TDR: Frequency-guided Transformer and Top-Down Refinement Network for Blind Face Inpainting10 Aug 2021
- 2021MFR 2021: Masked Face Recognition Competition29 Jun 2021
- 2021Boosting Masked Face Recognition with Multi-Task ArcFace20 Apr 2021
- 2021Unconstrained Face-Mask & Face-Hand Datasets: Building a Computer Vision System to Help Prevent the Transmission of COVID-1916 Mar 2021
- 2021Masked Face Recognition: Human vs. Machine2 Mar 2021
- 2021Self-restrained Triplet Loss for Accurate Masked Face Recognition2 Mar 2021
- 2021A 3D model-based approach for fitting masks to faces in the wild1 Mar 2021
- 2021BinaryCoP: Binary Neural Network-based COVID-19 Face-Mask Wear and Positioning Predictor on Edge Devices6 Feb 2021
- 2022WebFace260M: A Benchmark for Million-Scale Deep Face Recognitioncited by 41
- 2021Self-restrained Triplet Loss for Accurate Masked Face Recognitioncited by 32
- 2021End2End Occluded Face Recognition by Masking Corrupted Featurescited by 24
- 2021MFR 2021: Masked Face Recognition Competitioncited by 23
- 2022COLD Fusion: Calibrated and Ordinal Latent Distribution Fusion for Uncertainty-Aware Multimodal Emotion Recognitioncited by 22
- 2021DeepFace-EMD: Re-ranking Using Patch-wise Earth Mover's Distance Improves Out-Of-Distribution Face Identificationcited by 20
- 2021On Recognizing Occluded Faces in the Wildcited by 15
- 2021Boosting Masked Face Recognition with Multi-Task ArcFacecited by 13
- 2021Masked Face Recognition Challenge: The WebFace260M Track Reportcited by 12
- 2021FocusFace: Multi-task Contrastive Learning for Masked Face Recognitioncited by 12
- 2021FT-TDR: Frequency-guided Transformer and Top-Down Refinement Network for Blind Face Inpaintingcited by 11
- 2021MLFW: A Database for Face Recognition on Masked Facescited by 10
12 most cited of 47 All 47 (JSON)
- 2025Two-Step Data Augmentation for Masked Face Detection and Recognition: Turning Fake Masks to Real13 Dec 2025
- 2024Adversarial Watermarking for Face Recognition24 Sep 2024
- 2024Breaking the Global North Stereotype: A Global South-centric Benchmark Dataset for Auditing and Mitigating Biases in Facial Recognition Systems22 Jul 2024
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Masked Faces: Recognition, Detection, and Unmasking9 May 2024
- 2024Mask-up: Investigating Biases in Face Re-identification for Masked Faces21 Feb 2024
- 2023Seeing through the Mask: Multi-task Generative Mask Decoupling Face Recognition20 Nov 2023
- 2023Occlusion Aware Student Emotion Recognition based on Facial Action Unit Detection18 Jul 2023
- 2023An Exploratory Study of Masked Face Recognition with Machine Learning Algorithms14 Jun 2023
- 2023A Comparative Study of Face Detection Algorithms for Masked Face Detection18 May 2023
- 2022Learning Representations for Masked Facial Recovery28 Dec 2022
- 2022A Survey on Computer Vision based Human Analysis in the COVID-19 Era7 Nov 2022
- 2022Ensemble Learning using Transformers and Convolutional Networks for Masked Face Recognition10 Oct 2022
12 newest of 47 All 47 (JSON)