River: machine learning for streaming data in Python
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Abstract (arXiv)
River is a machine learning library for dynamic data streams and continual learning. It provides multiple state-of-the-art learning methods, data generators/transformers, performance metrics and evaluators for different stream learning problems. It is the result from the merger of the two most popular packages for stream learning in Python: Creme and scikit-multiflow. River introduces a revamped architecture based on the lessons learnt from the seminal packages. River's ambition is to be the go-to library for doing machine learning on streaming data. Additionally, this open source package brings under the same umbrella a large community of practitioners and researchers. The source code is available at https://github.com/online-ml/river.
Key facts. Cited by 98 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 Dec 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 13; 2023: 15; 2024: 22; 2025: 19; 2026: 20.
98 papers.
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- 2021TinyOL: TinyML with Online-Learning on Microcontrollerscited by 65
- 2022A survey on learning from imbalanced data streams: taxonomy, challenges, empirical study, and reproducible experimental frameworkcited by 39
- 2025Drift-aware Collaborative Assistance Mixture of Experts for Heterogeneous Multistream Learningcited by 14
- 2021Adversarial Robustness of Streaming Algorithms through Importance Samplingcited by 13
- 2024German Text Embedding Clustering Benchmarkcited by 13
- 2022Online AutoML: An adaptive AutoML framework for online learningcited by 11
- 2023A comprehensive analysis of concept drift locality in data streamscited by 10
- 2021A Survey on Spatio-temporal Data Analytics Systemscited by 9
- 2021ModelCI-e: Enabling Continual Learning in Deep Learning Serving Systemscited by 9
- 2021pyWATTS: Python Workflow Automation Tool for Time Seriescited by 9
- 2022Incremental Permutation Feature Importance (iPFI): Towards Online Explanations on Data Streamscited by 9
- 2022A Multi-Stage Automated Online Network Data Stream Analytics Framework for IIoT Systemscited by 8
38 more
- 2024Early Concept Drift Detection via Prediction Uncertaintycited by 8
- 2023One or Two Things We know about Concept Drift -- A Survey on Monitoring Evolving Environmentscited by 7
- 2026AdaptEvolve: Improving Efficiency of Evolutionary AI Agents through Adaptive Model Selectioncited by 6
- 2021MRCpy: A Library for Minimax Risk Classifierscited by 5
- 2023RoME: A Robust Mixed-Effects Bandit Algorithm for Optimizing Mobile Health Interventionscited by 5
- 2025Enabling AutoML for Zero-Touch Network Security: Use-Case Driven Analysiscited by 5
- 2025Online hierarchical partitioning of the output space in extreme multi-label data streamcited by 5
- 2022Standardized Evaluation of Machine Learning Methods for Evolving Data Streamscited by 4
- 2022A Survey on Uncertainty Toolkits for Deep Learningcited by 4
- 2023TinyReptile: TinyML with Federated Meta-Learningcited by 4
- 2024Calibrated Probabilistic Forecasts for Arbitrary Sequencescited by 4
- 2022Online Agnostic Multiclass Boostingcited by 3
- 2023iSAGE: An Incremental Version of SAGE for Online Explanation on Data Streamscited by 3
- 2023OEBench: Investigating Open Environment Challenges in Real-World Relational Data Streamscited by 3
- 2024Adaptive Active Inference Agents for Heterogeneous and Lifelong Federated Learningcited by 3
- 2024Hoeffding adaptive trees for multi-label classification on data streamscited by 3
- 2024Identifying Predictions That Influence the Future: Detecting Performative Concept Drift in Data Streamscited by 3
- 2023MLHOps: Machine Learning for Healthcare Operationscited by 2
- 2023TinyMetaFed: Efficient Federated Meta-Learning for TinyMLcited by 2
- 2024ActDroid: An active learning framework for Android malware detectioncited by 2
- 2025CapyMOA: Efficient Machine Learning for Data Streams and Online Continual Learning in Pythoncited by 2
- 2025Towards Zero Touch Networks: Cross-Layer Automated Security Solutions for 6G Wireless Networkscited by 2
- 2026A Practical Guide to Streaming Continual Learningcited by 2
- 2022BELLATREX: Building Explanations through a LocaLly AccuraTe Rule EXtractorcited by 1
- 2022Frouros: A Python library for drift detection in machine learning systemscited by 1
- 2022Demo: LE3D: A Privacy-preserving Lightweight Data Drift Detection Frameworkcited by 1
- 2022LE3D: A Lightweight Ensemble Framework of Data Drift Detectors for Resource-Constrained Devicescited by 1
- 2023PyTorch Hyperparameter Tuning - A Tutorial for spotPythoncited by 1
- 2023OPTWIN: Drift identification with optimal sub-windowscited by 1
- 2024A Neighbor-Searching Discrepancy-based Drift Detection Scheme for Learning Evolving Datacited by 1
- 2024Real-Time Energy Pricing in New Zealand: An Evolving Stream Analysiscited by 1
- 2024OML-AD: Online Machine Learning for Anomaly Detection in Time Series Datacited by 1
- 2024Resilience to the Flowing Unknown: an Open Set Recognition Framework for Data Streamscited by 1
- 2024A Framework for Streaming Event-Log Prediction in Business Processescited by 1
- 2025Adaptive Detection of Software Aging under Workload Shiftcited by 1
- 2025Online conformal inference with retrospective adjustment for faster adaptation to distribution shiftcited by 1
- 2025ARES: Anomaly Recognition Model For Edge Streamscited by 1
- 2026Multi-Aspect Mining and Anomaly Detection for Heterogeneous Tensor Streamscited by 1
50 most cited of 98 All 98 (JSON)
- 2026The Blind Spot Paradox: When Adaptive Classifiers Defeat Drift Detectors5 Oct 2026
- 2026Online AutoML: Evaluating Poisoning Attacks on Cost-Utility Adversarial Training Defence Strategy for IoT Networks5 Oct 2026
- 2026TuiML: Machine Learning for AI Agents16 Sep 2026
- 2026Towards Stream Learning on Embedded Systems: Benchmarking the Memory Consumption of Stream Learning Methods31 Aug 2026
- 2026Constrained Hyperparameter Optimization for Streaming Data25 Aug 2026
- 2026Backward Compatibility in Tree-Based Explanations and Enhanced CART Algorithm9 Aug 2026
- 2026Adaptive Two-Stage Online Learning for Service-Affecting Failure Detection in Mobile Core Networks20 Jul 2026
- 2026Bet on Features: Anytime-Valid and Feature-Aware Auditing of Conditional Quantile Forecasters13 Jul 2026
- 2026Correcting Split Selection in Online Decision Trees via Anytime-Valid Inference29 May 2026
- 2026Counterfactual Explanations Under Concept Drift17 May 2026
- 2026Adaptive Learning Strategies for AoA-Based Outdoor Localization: A Comprehensive Framework6 May 2026
- 2026An End-to-End Framework for Functionality-Embedded Provenance Graph Construction and Threat Interpretation17 Mar 2026
38 more
- 2026When Your Model Stops Working: Anytime-Valid Calibration Monitoring13 Mar 2026
- 2026A Practical Guide to Streaming Continual Learning2 Mar 2026
- 2026On Imbalanced Regression with Hoeffding Trees25 Feb 2026
- 2026CaDrift: A Time-dependent Causal Generator of Drifting Data Streams23 Feb 2026
- 2026AdaptEvolve: Improving Efficiency of Evolutionary AI Agents through Adaptive Model Selection12 Feb 2026
- 2026GAAVI: Global Asymptotic Anytime Valid Inference for the Conditional Mean Function8 Feb 2026
- 2026The Window Dilemma: Why Concept Drift Detection is Ill-Posed6 Feb 2026
- 2026Multi-Aspect Mining and Anomaly Detection for Heterogeneous Tensor Streams4 Feb 2026
- 2025ARES: Anomaly Recognition Model For Edge Streams27 Nov 2025
- 2025Online conformal inference with retrospective adjustment for faster adaptation to distribution shift6 Nov 2025
- 2025Adaptive Detection of Software Aging under Workload Shift5 Nov 2025
- 2025OEUVRE: OnlinE Unbiased Variance-Reduced loss Estimation26 Oct 2025
- 2025Dynamic Features Adaptation in Networking: Toward Flexible training and Explainable inference9 Oct 2025
- 2025Protected Probabilistic Classification Library14 Sep 2025
- 2025Anomaly detection in network flows using unsupervised online machine learning1 Sep 2025
- 2025Detecting and explaining postpartum depression in real-time with generative artificial intelligence8 Aug 2025
- 2025Drift-aware Collaborative Assistance Mixture of Experts for Heterogeneous Multistream Learning3 Aug 2025
- 2025Online hierarchical partitioning of the output space in extreme multi-label data stream28 Jul 2025
- 2025Awesome-OL: An Extensible Toolkit for Online Learning27 Jul 2025
- 2025Simulating Biases for Interpretable Fairness in Offline and Online Classifiers14 Jul 2025
- 2025RiverText: A Python Library for Training and Evaluating Incremental Word Embeddings from Text Data Streams29 Jun 2025
- 2025Online Discovery of Simulation Models for Evolving Business Processes (Extended Version)11 Jun 2025
- 2025Unsupervised anomaly detection on cybersecurity data streams: a case with BETH dataset6 Mar 2025
- 2025Enabling AutoML for Zero-Touch Network Security: Use-Case Driven Analysis28 Feb 2025
- 2025Towards Zero Touch Networks: Cross-Layer Automated Security Solutions for 6G Wireless Networks28 Feb 2025
- 2025Duo Streamers: A Streaming Gesture Recognition Framework17 Feb 2025
- 2025CapyMOA: Efficient Machine Learning for Data Streams and Online Continual Learning in Python11 Feb 2025
- 2024A Framework for Streaming Event-Log Prediction in Business Processes20 Dec 2024
- 2024Early Concept Drift Detection via Prediction Uncertainty15 Dec 2024
- 2024Identifying Predictions That Influence the Future: Detecting Performative Concept Drift in Data Streams13 Dec 2024
- 2024Resilience to the Flowing Unknown: an Open Set Recognition Framework for Data Streams31 Oct 2024
- 2024Adaptive NAD: Online and Self-adaptive Unsupervised Network Anomaly Detector30 Oct 2024
- 2024Hoeffding adaptive trees for multi-label classification on data streams26 Oct 2024
- 2024Adaptive Active Inference Agents for Heterogeneous and Lifelong Federated Learning9 Oct 2024
- 2024Calibrated Probabilistic Forecasts for Arbitrary Sequences27 Sep 2024
- 2024Evaluating the Efficacy of Instance Incremental vs. Batch Learning in Delayed Label Environments: An Empirical Study on Tabular Data Streaming for Fraud Detection16 Sep 2024
- 2024OML-AD: Online Machine Learning for Anomaly Detection in Time Series Data15 Sep 2024
- 2024Real-Time Energy Pricing in New Zealand: An Evolving Stream Analysis29 Aug 2024
50 newest of 98 All 98 (JSON)
- 2021TinyOL: TinyML with Online-Learning on Microcontrollerscited by 65
- 2022A survey on learning from imbalanced data streams: taxonomy, challenges, empirical study, and reproducible experimental frameworkcited by 39
- 2021Adversarial Robustness of Streaming Algorithms through Importance Samplingcited by 13
- 2024German Text Embedding Clustering Benchmarkcited by 13
- 2022Online AutoML: An adaptive AutoML framework for online learningcited by 11
- 2023A comprehensive analysis of concept drift locality in data streamscited by 10
- 2021A Survey on Spatio-temporal Data Analytics Systemscited by 9
- 2021ModelCI-e: Enabling Continual Learning in Deep Learning Serving Systemscited by 9
- 2021pyWATTS: Python Workflow Automation Tool for Time Seriescited by 9
- 2022Incremental Permutation Feature Importance (iPFI): Towards Online Explanations on Data Streamscited by 9
- 2022A Multi-Stage Automated Online Network Data Stream Analytics Framework for IIoT Systemscited by 8
- 2024Early Concept Drift Detection via Prediction Uncertaintycited by 8
12 most cited of 96 All 96 (JSON)
- 2026The Blind Spot Paradox: When Adaptive Classifiers Defeat Drift Detectors5 Oct 2026
- 2026Online AutoML: Evaluating Poisoning Attacks on Cost-Utility Adversarial Training Defence Strategy for IoT Networks5 Oct 2026
- 2026TuiML: Machine Learning for AI Agents16 Sep 2026
- 2026Towards Stream Learning on Embedded Systems: Benchmarking the Memory Consumption of Stream Learning Methods31 Aug 2026
- 2026Constrained Hyperparameter Optimization for Streaming Data25 Aug 2026
- 2026Backward Compatibility in Tree-Based Explanations and Enhanced CART Algorithm9 Aug 2026
- 2026Adaptive Two-Stage Online Learning for Service-Affecting Failure Detection in Mobile Core Networks20 Jul 2026
- 2026Bet on Features: Anytime-Valid and Feature-Aware Auditing of Conditional Quantile Forecasters13 Jul 2026
- 2026Correcting Split Selection in Online Decision Trees via Anytime-Valid Inference29 May 2026
- 2026Counterfactual Explanations Under Concept Drift17 May 2026
- 2026Adaptive Learning Strategies for AoA-Based Outdoor Localization: A Comprehensive Framework6 May 2026
- 2026An End-to-End Framework for Functionality-Embedded Provenance Graph Construction and Threat Interpretation17 Mar 2026
12 newest of 96 All 96 (JSON)