mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Self-Supervised Scene Flow Estimation with 4-D Automotive Radar

arXiv 2203.01137 ↗First posted 2 Mar 2022cs.CV cs.ROcited by 29

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Abstract (arXiv)

Scene flow allows autonomous vehicles to reason about the arbitrary motion of multiple independent objects which is the key to long-term mobile autonomy. While estimating the scene flow from LiDAR has progressed recently, it remains largely unknown how to estimate the scene flow from a 4-D radar - an increasingly popular automotive sensor for its robustness against adverse weather and lighting conditions. Compared with the LiDAR point clouds, radar data are drastically sparser, noisier and in much lower resolution. Annotated datasets for radar scene flow are also in absence and costly to acquire in the real world. These factors jointly pose the radar scene flow estimation as a challenging problem. This work aims to address the above challenges and estimate scene flow from 4-D radar point clouds by leveraging self-supervised learning. A robust scene flow estimation architecture and three novel losses are bespoken designed to cope with intractable radar data. Real-world experimental results validate that our method is able to robustly estimate the radar scene flow in the wild and effectively supports the downstream task of motion segmentation.

Key facts. Cited by 29 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Mar 2022.

Builds on

18 of 28 references.

References · 18

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  2. 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,223
  3. 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,384
  4. 2015A Large Dataset to Train Convolutional Networks for Disparity, Optical Flow, and Scene Flow Estimationcited by 878
  5. 2018PointConv: Deep Convolutional Networks on 3D Point Cloudscited by 656
  6. 2018FlowNet3D: Learning Scene Flow in 3D Point Cloudscited by 241
  7. 2018SPLATNet: Sparse Lattice Networks for Point Cloud Processingcited by 158
  8. 2020FLOT: Scene Flow on Point Clouds Guided by Optimal Transportcited by 129
  9. 2019HPLFlowNet: Hierarchical Permutohedral Lattice FlowNet for Scene Flow Estimation on Large-scale Point Cloudscited by 108
  10. 2019Just Go with the Flow: Self-Supervised Scene Flow Estimationcited by 98
  11. 2020FlowStep3D: Model Unrolling for Self-Supervised Scene Flow Estimationcited by 71
  12. 2021Weakly Supervised Learning of Rigid 3D Scene Flowcited by 60
6 more
  1. 2019FlowNet3D++: Geometric Losses For Deep Scene Flow Estimationcited by 55
  2. 2020Scene Flow from Point Clouds with or without Learningcited by 44
  3. 2020Self-Supervised Learning of Non-Rigid Residual Flow and Ego-Motioncited by 41
  4. 2021Self-Point-Flow: Self-Supervised Scene Flow Estimation from Point Clouds with Optimal Transport and Random Walkcited by 39
  5. 2021HCRF-Flow: Scene Flow from Point Clouds with Continuous High-order CRFs and Position-aware Flow Embeddingcited by 36
  6. 2020Adversarial Self-Supervised Scene Flow Estimationcited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 10; 2024: 2; 2025: 13; 2026: 4.

29 papers.

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  1. 2023SMURF: Spatial Multi-Representation Fusion for 3D Object Detection with 4D Imaging Radarcited by 48
  2. 2023Hidden Gems: 4D Radar Scene Flow Learning Using Cross-Modal Supervisioncited by 36
  3. 2024RadarOcc: Robust 3D Occupancy Prediction with 4D Imaging Radarcited by 32
  4. 2023Exploring Radar Data Representations in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 22
  5. 2023RaTrack: Moving Object Detection and Tracking with 4D Radar Point Cloudcited by 21
  6. 2025Doracamom: Joint 3D Detection and Occupancy Prediction with Multi-view 4D Radars and Cameras for Omnidirectional Perceptioncited by 21
  7. 2023milliFlow: Scene Flow Estimation on mmWave Radar Point Cloud for Human Motion Sensingcited by 20
  8. 20243DSFLabelling: Boosting 3D Scene Flow Estimation by Pseudo Auto-labellingcited by 14
  9. 20234DRVO-Net: Deep 4D Radar-Visual Odometry Using Multi-Modal and Multi-Scale Adaptive Fusioncited by 11
  10. 2023MotionBEV: Attention-Aware Online LiDAR Moving Object Segmentation with Bird's Eye View based Appearance and Motion Featurescited by 10
  11. 2023Radars for Autonomous Driving: A Review of Deep Learning Methods and Challengescited by 10
  12. 2023Radar Instance Transformer: Reliable Moving Instance Segmentation in Sparse Radar Point Cloudscited by 9
17 more
  1. 2025M4Human: A Large-Scale Multimodal mmWave Radar Benchmark for Human Mesh Reconstructioncited by 6
  2. 2023Ego-Motion Estimation and Dynamic Motion Separation from 3D Point Clouds for Accumulating Data and Improving 3D Object Detectioncited by 4
  3. 2025DoGFlow: Self-Supervised LiDAR Scene Flow via Cross-Modal Doppler Guidancecited by 4
  4. 2025TARS: Traffic-Aware Radar Scene Flow Estimationcited by 3
  5. 2025RaLiFlow: Scene Flow Estimation with 4D Radar and LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 3
  6. 2025Radar Velocity Transformer: Single-scan Moving Object Segmentation in Noisy Radar Point Cloudscited by 2
  7. 2025Equi-RO: A 4D mmWave Radar Odometry via Equivariant Networkscited by 2
  8. 2025RadarMP: Motion Perception for 4D mmWave Radar in Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
  9. 2025RadarGen: Automotive Radar Point Cloud Generation from Camerascited by 2
  10. 2025DNOI-4DRO: Deep 4D Radar Odometry with Differentiable Neural-Optimization Iterationscited by 1
  11. 2025VISC: mmWave Radar Scene Flow Estimation using Pervasive Visual-Inertial Supervisioncited by 0
  12. 2025mmFlux: Crowd Flow Analytics with Commodity mmWave MIMO Radarcited by 0
  13. 2025Self-Supervised Moving Object Segmentation of Sparse and Noisy Radar Point Cloudscited by 0
  14. 2026Weakly Supervised Cross-Modal Learning for 4D Radar Scene Flow Estimationcited by 0
  15. 20264D Radar Perception Algorithms for Autonomous Driving: A Reviewcited by 0
  16. 2026TriO: Tri-Modal Unsupervised Occupancy World Model for Anything Perceptioncited by 0
  17. 2026DiFF: Doppler-informed Flow Matching for Human Motion Flowcited by 0