A Survey On Anti-Spoofing Methods For Face Recognition with RGB Cameras of Generic Consumer Devices
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Abstract (arXiv)
The widespread deployment of face recognition-based biometric systems has made face Presentation Attack Detection (face anti-spoofing) an increasingly critical issue. This survey thoroughly investigates the face Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) methods, that only require RGB cameras of generic consumer devices, over the past two decades. We present an attack scenario-oriented typology of the existing face PAD methods and we provide a review of over 50 of the most recent face PAD methods and their related issues. We adopt a comprehensive presentation of the methods that have most influenced face PAD following the proposed typology, and in chronological order. By doing so, we depict the main challenges, evolutions and current trends in the field of face PAD, and provide insights on its future research. From an experimental point of view, this survey paper provides a summarized overview of the available public databases and extensive comparative experimental results of different PAD methods.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 Oct 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 6; 2023: 1; 2024: 2; 2025: 1.
18 papers.
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- 2021Adversarial Sticker: A Stealthy Attack Method in the Physical Worldcited by 92
- 2021Deep Learning for Face Anti-Spoofing: A Surveycited by 64
- 2022Simultaneously Optimizing Perturbations and Positions for Black-box Adversarial Patch Attackscited by 41
- 2022ViTransPAD: Video Transformer using convolution and self-attention for Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 14
- 2021Generating Master Faces for Dictionary Attacks with a Network-Assisted Latent Space Evolutioncited by 10
- 2021Consistency Regularization for Deep Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 10
- 2022Beyond Gradients: Exploiting Adversarial Priors in Model Inversion Attackscited by 7
- 2021Unsupervised Compound Domain Adaptation for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 6
- 2021Shuffled Patch-Wise Supervision for Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 3
- 2021Review of Face Presentation Attack Detection Competitionscited by 3
- 2022Impact of Face Image Quality Estimation on Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 2
- 2022Generating 2D and 3D Master Faces for Dictionary Attacks with a Network-Assisted Latent Space Evolutioncited by 2
6 more
- 2021Deep Learning meets Liveness Detection: Recent Advancements and Challengescited by 1
- 2023IFAST: Weakly Supervised Interpretable Face Anti-spoofing from Single-shot Binocular NIR Imagescited by 1
- 2025Spatiotemporal deep learning models for detection of rapid intensification in cyclonescited by 1
- 2022A Novel Face-Anti Spoofing Neural Network Model For Face Recognition And Detectioncited by 0
- 2024RealFace -- Pedestrian Face Datasetcited by 0
- 2024A Human-Centered Risk Evaluation of Biometric Systems Using Conjoint Analysiscited by 0
- 2025Spatiotemporal deep learning models for detection of rapid intensification in cyclones10 Jun 2025
- 2024A Human-Centered Risk Evaluation of Biometric Systems Using Conjoint Analysis17 Sep 2024
- 2024RealFace -- Pedestrian Face Dataset30 Aug 2024
- 2023IFAST: Weakly Supervised Interpretable Face Anti-spoofing from Single-shot Binocular NIR Images29 Sep 2023
- 2022Simultaneously Optimizing Perturbations and Positions for Black-box Adversarial Patch Attacks26 Dec 2022
- 2022Generating 2D and 3D Master Faces for Dictionary Attacks with a Network-Assisted Latent Space Evolution25 Nov 2022
- 2022Impact of Face Image Quality Estimation on Presentation Attack Detection30 Sep 2022
- 2022A Novel Face-Anti Spoofing Neural Network Model For Face Recognition And Detection14 May 2022
- 2022ViTransPAD: Video Transformer using convolution and self-attention for Face Presentation Attack Detection3 Mar 2022
- 2022Beyond Gradients: Exploiting Adversarial Priors in Model Inversion Attacks1 Mar 2022
- 2021Deep Learning meets Liveness Detection: Recent Advancements and Challenges29 Dec 2021
- 2021Review of Face Presentation Attack Detection Competitions21 Dec 2021
6 more
- 2021Consistency Regularization for Deep Face Anti-Spoofing24 Nov 2021
- 2021Shuffled Patch-Wise Supervision for Presentation Attack Detection8 Sep 2021
- 2021Generating Master Faces for Dictionary Attacks with a Network-Assisted Latent Space Evolution1 Aug 2021
- 2021Deep Learning for Face Anti-Spoofing: A Survey28 Jun 2021
- 2021Unsupervised Compound Domain Adaptation for Face Anti-Spoofing18 May 2021
- 2021Adversarial Sticker: A Stealthy Attack Method in the Physical World14 Apr 2021
- 2021Adversarial Sticker: A Stealthy Attack Method in the Physical Worldcited by 92
- 2021Deep Learning for Face Anti-Spoofing: A Surveycited by 64
- 2022Simultaneously Optimizing Perturbations and Positions for Black-box Adversarial Patch Attackscited by 41
- 2022ViTransPAD: Video Transformer using convolution and self-attention for Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 14
- 2021Generating Master Faces for Dictionary Attacks with a Network-Assisted Latent Space Evolutioncited by 10
- 2021Consistency Regularization for Deep Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 10
- 2022Beyond Gradients: Exploiting Adversarial Priors in Model Inversion Attackscited by 7
- 2021Unsupervised Compound Domain Adaptation for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 6
- 2021Shuffled Patch-Wise Supervision for Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 3
- 2021Review of Face Presentation Attack Detection Competitionscited by 3
- 2022Impact of Face Image Quality Estimation on Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 2
- 2022Generating 2D and 3D Master Faces for Dictionary Attacks with a Network-Assisted Latent Space Evolutioncited by 2
12 most cited of 18 All 18 (JSON)
- 2025Spatiotemporal deep learning models for detection of rapid intensification in cyclones10 Jun 2025
- 2024A Human-Centered Risk Evaluation of Biometric Systems Using Conjoint Analysis17 Sep 2024
- 2024RealFace -- Pedestrian Face Dataset30 Aug 2024
- 2023IFAST: Weakly Supervised Interpretable Face Anti-spoofing from Single-shot Binocular NIR Images29 Sep 2023
- 2022Simultaneously Optimizing Perturbations and Positions for Black-box Adversarial Patch Attacks26 Dec 2022
- 2022Generating 2D and 3D Master Faces for Dictionary Attacks with a Network-Assisted Latent Space Evolution25 Nov 2022
- 2022Impact of Face Image Quality Estimation on Presentation Attack Detection30 Sep 2022
- 2022A Novel Face-Anti Spoofing Neural Network Model For Face Recognition And Detection14 May 2022
- 2022ViTransPAD: Video Transformer using convolution and self-attention for Face Presentation Attack Detection3 Mar 2022
- 2022Beyond Gradients: Exploiting Adversarial Priors in Model Inversion Attacks1 Mar 2022
- 2021Deep Learning meets Liveness Detection: Recent Advancements and Challenges29 Dec 2021
- 2021Review of Face Presentation Attack Detection Competitions21 Dec 2021
12 newest of 18 All 18 (JSON)