mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

HINT3: Raising the bar for Intent Detection in the Wild

arXiv 2009.13833 ↗First posted 29 Sep 2020cs.CLcited by 21

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Abstract (arXiv)

Intent Detection systems in the real world are exposed to complexities of imbalanced datasets containing varying perception of intent, unintended correlations and domain-specific aberrations. To facilitate benchmarking which can reflect near real-world scenarios, we introduce 3 new datasets created from live chatbots in diverse domains. Unlike most existing datasets that are crowdsourced, our datasets contain real user queries received by the chatbots and facilitates penalising unwanted correlations grasped during the training process. We evaluate 4 NLU platforms and a BERT based classifier and find that performance saturates at inadequate levels on test sets because all systems latch on to unintended patterns in training data.

Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 29 Sep 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 5; 2023: 5; 2024: 4; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.

21 papers.

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  1. 2021Effectiveness of Pre-training for Few-shot Intent Classificationcited by 27
  2. 2024Intent Detection in the Age of LLMscited by 25
  3. 2022Fine-tuning Pre-trained Language Models for Few-shot Intent Detection: Supervised Pre-training and Isotropizationcited by 19
  4. 2023Unsupervised Layer-wise Score Aggregation for Textual OOD Detectioncited by 15
  5. 2022A Survey of Intent Classification and Slot-Filling Datasets for Task-Oriented Dialogcited by 14
  6. 2024Dynamic Label Name Refinement for Few-Shot Dialogue Intent Classificationcited by 6
  7. 2023Revisit Few-shot Intent Classification with PLMs: Direct Fine-tuning vs. Continual Pre-trainingcited by 5
  8. 2022Benchmark Data and Evaluation Framework for Intent Discovery Around COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancycited by 4
  9. 2023Distinguish Sense from Nonsense: Out-of-Scope Detection for Virtual Assistantscited by 4
  10. 2024Domain Adaptation in Intent Classification Systems: A Reviewcited by 4
  11. 2022Fast and Light-Weight Answer Text Retrieval in Dialogue Systemscited by 2
  12. 2025Intent Recognition and Out-of-Scope Detection using LLMs in Multi-party Conversationscited by 2
9 more
  1. 2022Exploring the Advantages of Dense-Vector to One-Hot Encoding of Intent Classes in Out-of-Scope Detection Taskscited by 1
  2. 2023Multi-Tenant Optimization For Few-Shot Task-Oriented FAQ Retrievalcited by 1
  3. 2025Efficient Out-of-Scope Detection in Dialogue Systems via Uncertainty-Driven LLM Routingcited by 1
  4. 2026IntentGrasp: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Intent Understandingcited by 1
  5. 2023Improving End-to-End Speech Processing by Efficient Text Data Utilization with Latent Synthesiscited by 0
  6. 2024Minimizing PLM-Based Few-Shot Intent Detectorscited by 0
  7. 2025Intent Classification on Low-Resource Languages with Query Similarity Searchcited by 0
  8. 2026Usage frequency and application variety of research methods in library and information science: Continuous investigation from 1991 to 2021cited by 0
  9. 2026Selecting Open-Weight Language Models for Zero-Shot Intent Classification: A Systematic Evaluation of 41 Modelscited by 0