Benchmarking in Optimization: Best Practice and Open Issues
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Abstract (arXiv)
This survey compiles ideas and recommendations from more than a dozen researchers with different backgrounds and from different institutes around the world. Promoting best practice in benchmarking is its main goal. The article discusses eight essential topics in benchmarking: clearly stated goals, well-specified problems, suitable algorithms, adequate performance measures, thoughtful analysis, effective and efficient designs, comprehensible presentations, and guaranteed reproducibility. The final goal is to provide well-accepted guidelines (rules) that might be useful for authors and reviewers. As benchmarking in optimization is an active and evolving field of research this manuscript is meant to co-evolve over time by means of periodic updates.
Key facts. Cited by 38 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 7 Jul 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 5; 2023: 5; 2024: 9; 2025: 8; 2026: 7.
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- 2024BetterBench: Assessing AI Benchmarks, Uncovering Issues, and Establishing Best Practicescited by 114
- 2021HPOBench: A Collection of Reproducible Multi-Fidelity Benchmark Problems for HPOcited by 112
- 2025Can We Trust AI Benchmarks? An Interdisciplinary Review of Current Issues in AI Evaluationcited by 60
- 2024Deconstructing What Makes a Good Optimizer for Language Modelscited by 41
- 2022Benchopt: Reproducible, efficient and collaborative optimization benchmarkscited by 27
- 2021Reproducibility in Evolutionary Computationcited by 13
- 2024Evaluation-Driven Development and Operations of LLM Agents: A Process Model and Reference Architecturecited by 11
- 2024Explainable Benchmarking for Iterative Optimization Heuristicscited by 10
- 2025BLADE: Benchmark suite for LLM-driven Automated Design and Evolution of iterative optimisation heuristicscited by 9
- 2022A Survey on Learnable Evolutionary Algorithms for Scalable Multiobjective Optimizationcited by 7
- 2025Large Language Models and Evolutionary Computation: A Critical Review of Bidirectional Interaction, Automated Algorithm Design, and Co-Adaptive Systemscited by 6
- 2022The Importance of Landscape Features for Performance Prediction of Modular CMA-ES Variantscited by 5
26 more
- 2023Using Automated Algorithm Configuration for Parameter Controlcited by 5
- 2022A Framework for Generating Informative Benchmark Instancescited by 4
- 2023Optimizing with Low Budgets: a Comparison on the Black-box Optimization Benchmarking Suite and OpenAI Gymcited by 4
- 2021Towards Standardising Reinforcement Learning Approaches for Production Scheduling Problemscited by 2
- 2023Tools for Landscape Analysis of Optimisation Problems in Procedural Content Generation for Gamescited by 2
- 2026From Heuristic Selection to Automated Algorithm Design: LLMs Benefit from Strong Priorscited by 2
- 2023PyTorch Hyperparameter Tuning - A Tutorial for spotPythoncited by 1
- 2024PATH: A Discrete-sequence Dataset for Evaluating Online Unsupervised Anomaly Detection Approaches for Multivariate Time Seriescited by 1
- 2026LLaMEA-SAGE: Guiding Automated Algorithm Design with Structural Feedback from Explainable AIcited by 1
- 2026Assessing Reproducibility in Evolutionary Computation: A Case Study using Human- and LLM-based Assessmentcited by 1
- 2021Surrogate Model Based Hyperparameter Tuning for Deep Learning with SPOTcited by 0
- 2022OPTION: OPTImization Algorithm Benchmarking ONtologycited by 0
- 2023On the Algebraic Properties of Flame Graphscited by 0
- 2024Time to Stop and Think: What kind of research do we want to do?cited by 0
- 2024Clustering in Dynamic Environments: A Framework for Benchmark Dataset Generation With Heterogeneous Changescited by 0
- 2024A Novel Ranking Scheme for the Performance Analysis of Stochastic Optimization Algorithms using the Principles of Severitycited by 0
- 2024Generalizability of experimental studiescited by 0
- 2025Evolving Hard Maximum Cut Instances for Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithmscited by 0
- 2025Optimization Problem Solving Can Transition to Evolutionary Agentic Workflowscited by 0
- 2025Benchmarking MOEAs for solving continuous multi-objective RL problemscited by 0
- 2025From Performance to Understanding: A Vision for Explainable Automated Algorithm Designcited by 0
- 2025Best Practices For Empirical Meta-Algorithmic Research: Guidelines from the COSEAL Research Networkcited by 0
- 2026Quantifying the Impact of Modules and Their Interactions in the PSO-X Frameworkcited by 0
- 2026Learning to Assess the Reliability of Number-of-Runs Estimation in Stochastic Optimizationcited by 0
- 2026From Hand-Crafted to LLM-Based Variation Operators in Metaheuristics: A Tutorialcited by 0
- 2026What a Reporting Convention Hides: A Matched-Budget Audit of Quantum Natural Gradient with an Exactly Computed Metriccited by 0
- 2026What a Reporting Convention Hides: A Matched-Budget Audit of Quantum Natural Gradient with an Exactly Computed Metric7 Oct 2026
- 2026From Hand-Crafted to LLM-Based Variation Operators in Metaheuristics: A Tutorial13 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning to Assess the Reliability of Number-of-Runs Estimation in Stochastic Optimization27 May 2026
- 2026From Heuristic Selection to Automated Algorithm Design: LLMs Benefit from Strong Priors3 Mar 2026
- 2026Assessing Reproducibility in Evolutionary Computation: A Case Study using Human- and LLM-based Assessment5 Feb 2026
- 2026LLaMEA-SAGE: Guiding Automated Algorithm Design with Structural Feedback from Explainable AI29 Jan 2026
- 2026Quantifying the Impact of Modules and Their Interactions in the PSO-X Framework7 Jan 2026
- 2025Best Practices For Empirical Meta-Algorithmic Research: Guidelines from the COSEAL Research Network18 Dec 2025
- 2025From Performance to Understanding: A Vision for Explainable Automated Algorithm Design20 Nov 2025
- 2025Large Language Models and Evolutionary Computation: A Critical Review of Bidirectional Interaction, Automated Algorithm Design, and Co-Adaptive Systems21 May 2025
- 2025Benchmarking MOEAs for solving continuous multi-objective RL problems19 May 2025
- 2025Optimization Problem Solving Can Transition to Evolutionary Agentic Workflows7 May 2025
26 more
- 2025BLADE: Benchmark suite for LLM-driven Automated Design and Evolution of iterative optimisation heuristics28 Apr 2025
- 2025Can We Trust AI Benchmarks? An Interdisciplinary Review of Current Issues in AI Evaluation10 Feb 2025
- 2025Evolving Hard Maximum Cut Instances for Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithms30 Jan 2025
- 2024PATH: A Discrete-sequence Dataset for Evaluating Online Unsupervised Anomaly Detection Approaches for Multivariate Time Series21 Nov 2024
- 2024Evaluation-Driven Development and Operations of LLM Agents: A Process Model and Reference Architecture21 Nov 2024
- 2024BetterBench: Assessing AI Benchmarks, Uncovering Issues, and Establishing Best Practices20 Nov 2024
- 2024Deconstructing What Makes a Good Optimizer for Language Models10 Jul 2024
- 2024Generalizability of experimental studies25 Jun 2024
- 2024A Novel Ranking Scheme for the Performance Analysis of Stochastic Optimization Algorithms using the Principles of Severity31 May 2024
- 2024Clustering in Dynamic Environments: A Framework for Benchmark Dataset Generation With Heterogeneous Changes24 Feb 2024
- 2024Time to Stop and Think: What kind of research do we want to do?13 Feb 2024
- 2024Explainable Benchmarking for Iterative Optimization Heuristics31 Jan 2024
- 2023Optimizing with Low Budgets: a Comparison on the Black-box Optimization Benchmarking Suite and OpenAI Gym29 Sep 2023
- 2023PyTorch Hyperparameter Tuning - A Tutorial for spotPython19 May 2023
- 2023Using Automated Algorithm Configuration for Parameter Control23 Feb 2023
- 2023Tools for Landscape Analysis of Optimisation Problems in Procedural Content Generation for Games16 Feb 2023
- 2023On the Algebraic Properties of Flame Graphs21 Jan 2023
- 2022OPTION: OPTImization Algorithm Benchmarking ONtology21 Nov 2022
- 2022Benchopt: Reproducible, efficient and collaborative optimization benchmarks27 Jun 2022
- 2022A Survey on Learnable Evolutionary Algorithms for Scalable Multiobjective Optimization23 Jun 2022
- 2022A Framework for Generating Informative Benchmark Instances29 May 2022
- 2022The Importance of Landscape Features for Performance Prediction of Modular CMA-ES Variants15 Apr 2022
- 2021HPOBench: A Collection of Reproducible Multi-Fidelity Benchmark Problems for HPO14 Sep 2021
- 2021Surrogate Model Based Hyperparameter Tuning for Deep Learning with SPOT30 May 2021
- 2021Towards Standardising Reinforcement Learning Approaches for Production Scheduling Problems16 Apr 2021
- 2021Reproducibility in Evolutionary Computation5 Feb 2021
- 2024BetterBench: Assessing AI Benchmarks, Uncovering Issues, and Establishing Best Practicescited by 114
- 2021HPOBench: A Collection of Reproducible Multi-Fidelity Benchmark Problems for HPOcited by 112
- 2025Can We Trust AI Benchmarks? An Interdisciplinary Review of Current Issues in AI Evaluationcited by 60
- 2024Deconstructing What Makes a Good Optimizer for Language Modelscited by 41
- 2022Benchopt: Reproducible, efficient and collaborative optimization benchmarkscited by 27
- 2021Reproducibility in Evolutionary Computationcited by 13
- 2024Explainable Benchmarking for Iterative Optimization Heuristicscited by 10
- 2025BLADE: Benchmark suite for LLM-driven Automated Design and Evolution of iterative optimisation heuristicscited by 9
- 2022A Survey on Learnable Evolutionary Algorithms for Scalable Multiobjective Optimizationcited by 7
- 2025Large Language Models and Evolutionary Computation: A Critical Review of Bidirectional Interaction, Automated Algorithm Design, and Co-Adaptive Systemscited by 6
- 2022The Importance of Landscape Features for Performance Prediction of Modular CMA-ES Variantscited by 5
- 2023Using Automated Algorithm Configuration for Parameter Controlcited by 5
12 most cited of 35 All 35 (JSON)
- 2026What a Reporting Convention Hides: A Matched-Budget Audit of Quantum Natural Gradient with an Exactly Computed Metric7 Oct 2026
- 2026From Hand-Crafted to LLM-Based Variation Operators in Metaheuristics: A Tutorial13 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning to Assess the Reliability of Number-of-Runs Estimation in Stochastic Optimization27 May 2026
- 2026From Heuristic Selection to Automated Algorithm Design: LLMs Benefit from Strong Priors3 Mar 2026
- 2026Assessing Reproducibility in Evolutionary Computation: A Case Study using Human- and LLM-based Assessment5 Feb 2026
- 2026LLaMEA-SAGE: Guiding Automated Algorithm Design with Structural Feedback from Explainable AI29 Jan 2026
- 2026Quantifying the Impact of Modules and Their Interactions in the PSO-X Framework7 Jan 2026
- 2025Best Practices For Empirical Meta-Algorithmic Research: Guidelines from the COSEAL Research Network18 Dec 2025
- 2025From Performance to Understanding: A Vision for Explainable Automated Algorithm Design20 Nov 2025
- 2025Large Language Models and Evolutionary Computation: A Critical Review of Bidirectional Interaction, Automated Algorithm Design, and Co-Adaptive Systems21 May 2025
- 2025BLADE: Benchmark suite for LLM-driven Automated Design and Evolution of iterative optimisation heuristics28 Apr 2025
- 2025Can We Trust AI Benchmarks? An Interdisciplinary Review of Current Issues in AI Evaluation10 Feb 2025
12 newest of 35 All 35 (JSON)