mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Low-resource Languages: A Review of Past Work and Future Challenges

arXiv 2006.07264 ↗First posted 12 Jun 2020cs.CLcited by 91

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Abstract (arXiv)

A current problem in NLP is massaging and processing low-resource languages which lack useful training attributes such as supervised data, number of native speakers or experts, etc. This review paper concisely summarizes previous groundbreaking achievements made towards resolving this problem, and analyzes potential improvements in the context of the overall future research direction.

Key facts. Cited by 91 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 12 Jun 2020.

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 8; 2023: 12; 2024: 32; 2025: 31; 2026: 5.

91 papers.

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  1. 2022MASSIVE: A 1M-Example Multilingual Natural Language Understanding Dataset with 51 Typologically-Diverse Languagescited by 146
  2. 2021Neural Machine Translation for Low-Resource Languages: A Surveycited by 109
  3. 2025Towards Holistic Evaluation of Large Audio-Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 39
  4. 2024The Future of Large Language Model Pre-training is Federatedcited by 30
  5. 2024Goldfish: Monolingual Language Models for 350 Languagescited by 29
  6. 2024Opportunities and Challenges of Large Language Models for Low-Resource Languages in Humanities Researchcited by 27
  7. 2024Learning Agent-based Modeling with LLM Companions: Experiences of Novices and Experts Using ChatGPT & NetLogo Chatcited by 23
  8. 2024Open Ko-LLM Leaderboard: Evaluating Large Language Models in Korean with Ko-H5 Benchmarkcited by 23
  9. 2022MULTI3NLU++: A Multilingual, Multi-Intent, Multi-Domain Dataset for Natural Language Understanding in Task-Oriented Dialoguecited by 15
  10. 2023Automated stance detection in complex topics and small languages: the challenging case of immigration in polarizing news mediacited by 14
  11. 2023Allophant: Cross-lingual Phoneme Recognition with Articulatory Attributescited by 13
  12. 2023Scaling Laws Do Not Scalecited by 13
38 more
  1. 2025LLMs can be easily Confused by Instructional Distractionscited by 13
  2. 2022JamPatoisNLI: A Jamaican Patois Natural Language Inference Datasetcited by 11
  3. 2023Massively Multilingual Corpus of Sentiment Datasets and Multi-faceted Sentiment Classification Benchmarkcited by 10
  4. 2025The Multilingual Divide and Its Impact on Global AI Safetycited by 10
  5. 2023NLEBench+NorGLM: A Comprehensive Empirical Analysis and Benchmark Dataset for Generative Language Models in Norwegiancited by 9
  6. 2024TransMI: A Framework to Create Strong Baselines from Multilingual Pretrained Language Models for Transliterated Datacited by 9
  7. 2024When Every Token Counts: Optimal Segmentation for Low-Resource Language Modelscited by 8
  8. 2025TiEBe: Tracking Language Model Recall of Notable Worldwide Events Through Timecited by 8
  9. 2025Overcoming Data Scarcity in Generative Language Modelling for Low-Resource Languages: A Systematic Reviewcited by 8
  10. 2024Cultural Fidelity in Large-Language Models: An Evaluation of Online Language Resources as a Driver of Model Performance in Value Representationcited by 7
  11. 2024Multistage Fine-tuning Strategies for Automatic Speech Recognition in Low-resource Languagescited by 6
  12. 2024A Systematic Review of NLP for Ghanaian Languages: Datasets, Models, and a Research Roadmapcited by 5
  13. 2024Worldwide Federated Training of Language Modelscited by 5
  14. 2024Cross-lingual transfer of multilingual models on low resource African Languagescited by 5
  15. 2024DEPT: Decoupled Embeddings for Pre-training Language Modelscited by 5
  16. 2024CHAI for LLMs: Improving Code-Mixed Translation in Large Language Models through Reinforcement Learning with AI Feedbackcited by 5
  17. 2024Foundation Models for Low-Resource Language Education (Vision Paper)cited by 5
  18. 2022Applying wav2vec2 for Speech Recognition on Bengali Common Voices Datasetcited by 4
  19. 2023Sinhala-English Parallel Word Dictionary Datasetcited by 4
  20. 2024Comparing LLM prompting with Cross-lingual transfer performance on Indigenous and Low-resource Brazilian Languagescited by 4
  21. 2024Monolingual and Multilingual Misinformation Detection for Low-Resource Languages: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 4
  22. 2021Morpheme Boundary Detection & Grammatical Feature Prediction for Gujarati : Dataset & Modelcited by 3
  23. 2025Is It Navajo? Accurate Language Detection in Endangered Athabaskan Languagescited by 3
  24. 2022Automatic Speech Recognition of Low-Resource Languages Based on Chukchicited by 2
  25. 2024Symbolic Autoencoding for Self-Supervised Sequence Learningcited by 2
  26. 2024101 Billion Arabic Words Datasetcited by 2
  27. 2024Universal Cross-Lingual Text Classificationcited by 2
  28. 2024Breaking the Programming Language Barrier: Multilingual Prompting to Empower Non-Native English Learnerscited by 2
  29. 2024Overview of the First Workshop on Language Models for Low-Resource Languages (LoResLM 2025)cited by 2
  30. 2025LAG-MMLU: Benchmarking Frontier LLM Understanding in Latvian and Giriamacited by 2
  31. 2025An evaluation of LLMs and Google Translate for translation of selected Indian languages via sentiment and semantic analysescited by 2
  32. 2025L3Cube-MahaEmotions: A Marathi Emotion Recognition Dataset with Synthetic Annotations using CoTR prompting and Large Language Modelscited by 2
  33. 2025MERLIN: Multi-Stage Curriculum Alignment for Multilingual Encoder-LLM Integration in Cross-Lingual Reasoningcited by 2
  34. 2025Tokenization Disparities as Infrastructure Bias: How Subword Systems Create Inequities in LLM Access and Efficiencycited by 2
  35. 2025Zero-Shot Performance Prediction for Probabilistic Scaling Lawscited by 2
  36. 2022Effective Transfer Learning for Low-Resource Natural Language Understandingcited by 1
  37. 2023Investigating Lexical Sharing in Multilingual Machine Translation for Indian Languagescited by 1
  38. 2023Semantically-Prompted Language Models Improve Visual Descriptionscited by 1

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