mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Named Entity Recognition as Dependency Parsing

arXiv 2005.07150 ↗First posted 14 May 2020cs.CLcited by 150

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Abstract (arXiv)

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a fundamental task in Natural Language Processing, concerned with identifying spans of text expressing references to entities. NER research is often focused on flat entities only (flat NER), ignoring the fact that entity references can be nested, as in [Bank of [China]] (Finkel and Manning, 2009). In this paper, we use ideas from graph-based dependency parsing to provide our model a global view on the input via a biaffine model (Dozat and Manning, 2017). The biaffine model scores pairs of start and end tokens in a sentence which we use to explore all spans, so that the model is able to predict named entities accurately. We show that the model works well for both nested and flat NER through evaluation on 8 corpora and achieving SoTA performance on all of them, with accuracy gains of up to 2.2 percentage points.

Key facts. Cited by 150 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 14 May 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 33; 2022: 50; 2023: 34; 2024: 23; 2025: 6; 2026: 4.

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  1. 2023Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmapcited by 663
  2. 2022GatorTron: A Large Clinical Language Model to Unlock Patient Information from Unstructured Electronic Health Recordscited by 238
  3. 2021A Unified Generative Framework for Various NER Subtaskscited by 141
  4. 2021Context-aware Biaffine Localizing Network for Temporal Sentence Groundingcited by 107
  5. 2021Unified Named Entity Recognition as Word-Word Relation Classificationcited by 89
  6. 2021Improving Named Entity Recognition by External Context Retrieving and Cooperative Learningcited by 76
  7. 2021Locate and Label: A Two-stage Identifier for Nested Named Entity Recognitioncited by 60
  8. 2023Empirical Study of Zero-Shot NER with ChatGPTcited by 60
  9. 2021SpanNER: Named Entity Re-/Recognition as Span Predictioncited by 55
  10. 2021Packed Levitated Marker for Entity and Relation Extractioncited by 49
  11. 2022DeepStruct: Pretraining of Language Models for Structure Predictioncited by 45
  12. 2021A Sequence-to-Set Network for Nested Named Entity Recognitioncited by 40
38 more
  1. 2021Paradigm Shift in Natural Language Processingcited by 39
  2. 2022Temporal Sentence Grounding in Videos: A Survey and Future Directionscited by 37
  3. 2023PromptNER: Prompting For Named Entity Recognitioncited by 35
  4. 2021The Stem Cell Hypothesis: Dilemma behind Multi-Task Learning with Transformer Encoderscited by 31
  5. 2021Structured Sentiment Analysis as Dependency Graph Parsingcited by 28
  6. 2021LightNER: A Lightweight Tuning Paradigm for Low-resource NER via Pluggable Promptingcited by 27
  7. 2022Named Entity Recognition in Indian court judgmentscited by 26
  8. 2021ITA: Image-Text Alignments for Multi-Modal Named Entity Recognitioncited by 24
  9. 2022Optimizing Bi-Encoder for Named Entity Recognition via Contrastive Learningcited by 24
  10. 2021Entity Relation Extraction as Dependency Parsing in Visually Rich Documentscited by 23
  11. 2021Better Feature Integration for Named Entity Recognitioncited by 22
  12. 2024C-ICL: Contrastive In-context Learning for Information Extractioncited by 22
  13. 2021Specializing Multilingual Language Models: An Empirical Studycited by 21
  14. 2021Bottom-Up Constituency Parsing and Nested Named Entity Recognition with Pointer Networkscited by 21
  15. 2022Boundary Smoothing for Named Entity Recognitioncited by 21
  16. 2023Fairness-Aware Structured Pruning in Transformerscited by 21
  17. 2021Context-aware Adversarial Training for Name Regularity Bias in Named Entity Recognitioncited by 19
  18. 2022Parallel Instance Query Network for Named Entity Recognitioncited by 19
  19. 2021Fusing Heterogeneous Factors with Triaffine Mechanism for Nested Named Entity Recognitioncited by 18
  20. 2022DAMO-NLP at SemEval-2022 Task 11: A Knowledge-based System for Multilingual Named Entity Recognitioncited by 17
  21. 2023PromptNER: Prompt Locating and Typing for Named Entity Recognitioncited by 17
  22. 2021Natural Language Processing in-and-for Design Researchcited by 15
  23. 2022Global Pointer: Novel Efficient Span-based Approach for Named Entity Recognitioncited by 15
  24. 2021Semantic Role Labeling as Dependency Parsing: Exploring Latent Tree Structures Inside Argumentscited by 14
  25. 2022Nested Named Entity Recognition as Latent Lexicalized Constituency Parsingcited by 14
  26. 2023mCL-NER: Cross-Lingual Named Entity Recognition via Multi-view Contrastive Learningcited by 14
  27. 2021NEREL: A Russian Dataset with Nested Named Entities, Relations and Eventscited by 13
  28. 2023Clinical Concept and Relation Extraction Using Prompt-based Machine Reading Comprehensioncited by 13
  29. 2024Rethinking Negative Instances for Generative Named Entity Recognitioncited by 13
  30. 2021A Survey on Deep Learning Event Extraction: Approaches and Applicationscited by 12
  31. 2021Rethinking Negative Sampling for Handling Missing Entity Annotationscited by 12
  32. 2022Domain-Specific NER via Retrieving Correlated Samplescited by 11
  33. 2022SCL-RAI: Span-based Contrastive Learning with Retrieval Augmented Inference for Unlabeled Entity Problem in NERcited by 11
  34. 2023CleanCoNLL: A Nearly Noise-Free Named Entity Recognition Datasetcited by 11
  35. 2022What do we Really Know about State of the Art NER?cited by 10
  36. 2022PUnifiedNER: A Prompting-based Unified NER System for Diverse Datasetscited by 10
  37. 2021Graph-based Multilingual Product Retrieval in E-commerce Searchcited by 9
  38. 2022BIOS: An Algorithmically Generated Biomedical Knowledge Graphcited by 9

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