Boxer: Interactive Comparison of Classifier Results
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Abstract (arXiv)
Machine learning practitioners often compare the results of different classifiers to help select, diagnose and tune models. We present Boxer, a system to enable such comparison. Our system facilitates interactive exploration of the experimental results obtained by applying multiple classifiers to a common set of model inputs. The approach focuses on allowing the user to identify interesting subsets of training and testing instances and comparing performance of the classifiers on these subsets. The system couples standard visual designs with set algebra interactions and comparative elements. This allows the user to compose and coordinate views to specify subsets and assess classifier performance on them. The flexibility of these compositions allow the user to address a wide range of scenarios in developing and assessing classifiers. We demonstrate Boxer in use cases including model selection, tuning, fairness assessment, and data quality diagnosis.
Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 16 Apr 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 10; 2023: 8; 2024: 3; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
28 papers.
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- 2024LLM Comparator: Visual Analytics for Side-by-Side Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 29
- 2023Visual Analytics For Machine Learning: A Data Perspective Surveycited by 25
- 2021VisRuler: Visual Analytics for Extracting Decision Rules from Bagged and Boosted Decision Treescited by 8
- 2022XAutoML: A Visual Analytics Tool for Understanding and Validating Automated Machine Learningcited by 8
- 2023A Unified Interactive Model Evaluation for Classification, Object Detection, and Instance Segmentation in Computer Visioncited by 8
- 2023Class-constrained t-SNE: Combining Data Features and Class Probabilitiescited by 8
- 2022Calibrate: Interactive Analysis of Probabilistic Model Outputcited by 6
- 2024Compress and Compare: Interactively Evaluating Efficiency and Behavior Across ML Model Compression Experimentscited by 4
- 2024AI-Spectra: A Visual Dashboard for Model Multiplicity to Enhance Informed and Transparent Decision-Makingcited by 4
- 2023Are We Closing the Loop Yet? Gaps in the Generalizability of VIS4ML Researchcited by 3
- 2025DeepCAVE: A Visualization and Analysis Tool for Automated Machine Learningcited by 2
- 2026RAGExplorer: A Visual Analytics System for the Comparative Diagnosis of RAG Systemscited by 2
16 more
- 2022Black-box Error Diagnosis in Deep Neural Networks for Computer Vision: a Survey of Toolscited by 1
- 2022IMACS: Image Model Attribution Comparison Summariescited by 1
- 2023VISPUR: Visual Aids for Identifying and Interpreting Spurious Associations in Data-Driven Decisionscited by 1
- 2023TRIVEA: Transparent Ranking Interpretation using Visual Explanation of Black-Box Algorithmic Rankerscited by 1
- 2021SINGA-Easy: An Easy-to-Use Framework for MultiModal Analysiscited by 0
- 2021VisualTextRank: Unsupervised Graph-based Content Extraction for Automating Ad Text to Image Searchcited by 0
- 2021Text is NOT Enough: Integrating Visual Impressions into Open-domain Dialogue Generationcited by 0
- 2022Visual Identification of Problematic Bias in Large Label Spacescited by 0
- 2022Discovering Personalized Semantics for Soft Attributes in Recommender Systems using Concept Activation Vectorscited by 0
- 2022Reinforced MOOCs Concept Recommendation in Heterogeneous Information Networkscited by 0
- 2022Trinary Tools for Continuously Valued Binary Classifierscited by 0
- 2022Explanation-Guided Fairness Testing through Genetic Algorithmcited by 0
- 2022Using Graph Neural Networks for Program Terminationcited by 0
- 2023Tribe or Not? Critical Inspection of Group Differences Using TribalGramcited by 0
- 2023A Comparative Visual Analytics Framework for Evaluating Evolutionary Processes in Multi-objective Optimizationcited by 0
- 2025MLMC: Interactive multi-label multi-classifier evaluation without confusion matricescited by 0
- 2026RAGExplorer: A Visual Analytics System for the Comparative Diagnosis of RAG Systems19 Jan 2026
- 2025DeepCAVE: A Visualization and Analysis Tool for Automated Machine Learning1 Dec 2025
- 2025MLMC: Interactive multi-label multi-classifier evaluation without confusion matrices24 Jan 2025
- 2024AI-Spectra: A Visual Dashboard for Model Multiplicity to Enhance Informed and Transparent Decision-Making14 Nov 2024
- 2024Compress and Compare: Interactively Evaluating Efficiency and Behavior Across ML Model Compression Experiments6 Aug 2024
- 2024LLM Comparator: Visual Analytics for Side-by-Side Evaluation of Large Language Models16 Feb 2024
- 2023TRIVEA: Transparent Ranking Interpretation using Visual Explanation of Black-Box Algorithmic Rankers28 Aug 2023
- 2023Class-constrained t-SNE: Combining Data Features and Class Probabilities26 Aug 2023
- 2023Are We Closing the Loop Yet? Gaps in the Generalizability of VIS4ML Research10 Aug 2023
- 2023A Comparative Visual Analytics Framework for Evaluating Evolutionary Processes in Multi-objective Optimization10 Aug 2023
- 2023A Unified Interactive Model Evaluation for Classification, Object Detection, and Instance Segmentation in Computer Vision9 Aug 2023
- 2023VISPUR: Visual Aids for Identifying and Interpreting Spurious Associations in Data-Driven Decisions26 Jul 2023
16 more
- 2023Visual Analytics For Machine Learning: A Data Perspective Survey15 Jul 2023
- 2023Tribe or Not? Critical Inspection of Group Differences Using TribalGram16 Mar 2023
- 2022Using Graph Neural Networks for Program Termination28 Jul 2022
- 2022Calibrate: Interactive Analysis of Probabilistic Model Output27 Jul 2022
- 2022Explanation-Guided Fairness Testing through Genetic Algorithm16 May 2022
- 2022Trinary Tools for Continuously Valued Binary Classifiers18 Apr 2022
- 2022Reinforced MOOCs Concept Recommendation in Heterogeneous Information Networks8 Mar 2022
- 2022XAutoML: A Visual Analytics Tool for Understanding and Validating Automated Machine Learning24 Feb 2022
- 2022Discovering Personalized Semantics for Soft Attributes in Recommender Systems using Concept Activation Vectors6 Feb 2022
- 2022IMACS: Image Model Attribution Comparison Summaries26 Jan 2022
- 2022Black-box Error Diagnosis in Deep Neural Networks for Computer Vision: a Survey of Tools17 Jan 2022
- 2022Visual Identification of Problematic Bias in Large Label Spaces17 Jan 2022
- 2021VisRuler: Visual Analytics for Extracting Decision Rules from Bagged and Boosted Decision Trees1 Dec 2021
- 2021Text is NOT Enough: Integrating Visual Impressions into Open-domain Dialogue Generation13 Sep 2021
- 2021VisualTextRank: Unsupervised Graph-based Content Extraction for Automating Ad Text to Image Search5 Aug 2021
- 2021SINGA-Easy: An Easy-to-Use Framework for MultiModal Analysis3 Aug 2021
- 2024LLM Comparator: Visual Analytics for Side-by-Side Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 29
- 2023Visual Analytics For Machine Learning: A Data Perspective Surveycited by 25
- 2021VisRuler: Visual Analytics for Extracting Decision Rules from Bagged and Boosted Decision Treescited by 8
- 2022XAutoML: A Visual Analytics Tool for Understanding and Validating Automated Machine Learningcited by 8
- 2023A Unified Interactive Model Evaluation for Classification, Object Detection, and Instance Segmentation in Computer Visioncited by 8
- 2023Class-constrained t-SNE: Combining Data Features and Class Probabilitiescited by 8
- 2022Calibrate: Interactive Analysis of Probabilistic Model Outputcited by 6
- 2024Compress and Compare: Interactively Evaluating Efficiency and Behavior Across ML Model Compression Experimentscited by 4
- 2024AI-Spectra: A Visual Dashboard for Model Multiplicity to Enhance Informed and Transparent Decision-Makingcited by 4
- 2023Are We Closing the Loop Yet? Gaps in the Generalizability of VIS4ML Researchcited by 3
- 2025DeepCAVE: A Visualization and Analysis Tool for Automated Machine Learningcited by 2
- 2022Black-box Error Diagnosis in Deep Neural Networks for Computer Vision: a Survey of Toolscited by 1
12 most cited of 27 All 27 (JSON)
- 2025DeepCAVE: A Visualization and Analysis Tool for Automated Machine Learning1 Dec 2025
- 2025MLMC: Interactive multi-label multi-classifier evaluation without confusion matrices24 Jan 2025
- 2024AI-Spectra: A Visual Dashboard for Model Multiplicity to Enhance Informed and Transparent Decision-Making14 Nov 2024
- 2024Compress and Compare: Interactively Evaluating Efficiency and Behavior Across ML Model Compression Experiments6 Aug 2024
- 2024LLM Comparator: Visual Analytics for Side-by-Side Evaluation of Large Language Models16 Feb 2024
- 2023TRIVEA: Transparent Ranking Interpretation using Visual Explanation of Black-Box Algorithmic Rankers28 Aug 2023
- 2023Class-constrained t-SNE: Combining Data Features and Class Probabilities26 Aug 2023
- 2023Are We Closing the Loop Yet? Gaps in the Generalizability of VIS4ML Research10 Aug 2023
- 2023A Comparative Visual Analytics Framework for Evaluating Evolutionary Processes in Multi-objective Optimization10 Aug 2023
- 2023A Unified Interactive Model Evaluation for Classification, Object Detection, and Instance Segmentation in Computer Vision9 Aug 2023
- 2023VISPUR: Visual Aids for Identifying and Interpreting Spurious Associations in Data-Driven Decisions26 Jul 2023
- 2023Visual Analytics For Machine Learning: A Data Perspective Survey15 Jul 2023
12 newest of 27 All 27 (JSON)