The Two Regimes of Deep Network Training
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Abstract (arXiv)
Learning rate schedule has a major impact on the performance of deep learning models. Still, the choice of a schedule is often heuristical. We aim to develop a precise understanding of the effects of different learning rate schedules and the appropriate way to select them. To this end, we isolate two distinct phases of training, the first, which we refer to as the "large-step" regime, exhibits a rather poor performance from an optimization point of view but is the primary contributor to model generalization; the latter, "small-step" regime exhibits much more "convex-like" optimization behavior but used in isolation produces models that generalize poorly. We find that by treating these regimes separately-and em specializing our training algorithm to each one of them, we can significantly simplify learning rate schedules.
Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Feb 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 6; 2023: 7; 2024: 4; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
30 papers.
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- 2023TRAK: Attributing Model Behavior at Scalecited by 273
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- 2021A Generalizable Approach to Learning Optimizerscited by 23
- 2023Phase diagram of early training dynamics in deep neural networks: effect of the learning rate, depth, and widthcited by 19
18 more
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- 2021Provable Super-Convergence with a Large Cyclical Learning Ratecited by 10
- 2022Are Straight-Through gradients and Soft-Thresholding all you need for Sparse Training?cited by 9
- 2024Leveraging Continuous Time to Understand Momentum When Training Diagonal Linear Networkscited by 9
- 2022On generalization bounds for deep networks based on loss surface implicit regularizationcited by 5
- 2023Continuized Acceleration for Quasar Convex Functions in Non-Convex Optimizationcited by 5
- 2024Collective variables of neural networks: empirical time evolution and scaling lawscited by 3
- 2023Effective Neural Network L0 Regularization With BinMaskcited by 2
- 2024Can Optimization Trajectories Explain Multi-Task Transfer?cited by 2
- 2025Scaling depth capacity via zero/one-layer model expansioncited by 1
- 2026Dynamic Momentum Recalibration in Online Gradient Learningcited by 1
- 2026On Interpolation Formulas Describing Neural Network Generalizationcited by 1
- 2023Signal Processing Meets SGD: From Momentum to Filtercited by 0
- 2025Enlightenment Period Improving DNN Performancecited by 0
- 2025Heavy-Ball Momentum Method in Continuous Time and Discretization Error Analysiscited by 0
- 2026Large Spikes in Stochastic Gradient Descent: A Large-Deviations Viewcited by 0
- 2026On Interpolation Formulas Describing Neural Network Generalization14 Mar 2026
- 2026Large Spikes in Stochastic Gradient Descent: A Large-Deviations View10 Mar 2026
- 2026Dynamic Momentum Recalibration in Online Gradient Learning6 Mar 2026
- 2025Scaling depth capacity via zero/one-layer model expansion7 Nov 2025
- 2025Heavy-Ball Momentum Method in Continuous Time and Discretization Error Analysis3 Jun 2025
- 2025Enlightenment Period Improving DNN Performance2 Apr 2025
- 2024Collective variables of neural networks: empirical time evolution and scaling laws9 Oct 2024
- 2024The AdEMAMix Optimizer: Better, Faster, Older5 Sep 2024
- 2024Can Optimization Trajectories Explain Multi-Task Transfer?26 Aug 2024
- 2024Leveraging Continuous Time to Understand Momentum When Training Diagonal Linear Networks8 Mar 2024
- 2023Signal Processing Meets SGD: From Momentum to Filter6 Nov 2023
- 2023When and Why Momentum Accelerates SGD:An Empirical Study15 Jun 2023
18 more
- 2023A Rainbow in Deep Network Black Boxes29 May 2023
- 2023Effective Neural Network L0 Regularization With BinMask21 Apr 2023
- 2023TRAK: Attributing Model Behavior at Scale24 Mar 2023
- 2023Phase diagram of early training dynamics in deep neural networks: effect of the learning rate, depth, and width23 Feb 2023
- 2023Continuized Acceleration for Quasar Convex Functions in Non-Convex Optimization15 Feb 2023
- 2022Are Straight-Through gradients and Soft-Thresholding all you need for Sparse Training?2 Dec 2022
- 2022Spectral Evolution and Invariance in Linear-width Neural Networks11 Nov 2022
- 2022Towards understanding how momentum improves generalization in deep learning13 Jul 2022
- 2022Training Your Sparse Neural Network Better with Any Mask26 Jun 2022
- 2022High-dimensional Asymptotics of Feature Learning: How One Gradient Step Improves the Representation3 May 2022
- 2022On generalization bounds for deep networks based on loss surface implicit regularization12 Jan 2022
- 2021How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Retraining1 Nov 2021
- 2021Improved architectures and training algorithms for deep operator networks4 Oct 2021
- 2021A Generalizable Approach to Learning Optimizers2 Jun 2021
- 2021Noether's Learning Dynamics: Role of Symmetry Breaking in Neural Networks6 May 2021
- 2021Learning to Optimize: A Primer and A Benchmark23 Mar 2021
- 2021Pufferfish: Communication-efficient Models At No Extra Cost5 Mar 2021
- 2021Provable Super-Convergence with a Large Cyclical Learning Rate22 Feb 2021
- 2023TRAK: Attributing Model Behavior at Scalecited by 273
- 2021Learning to Optimize: A Primer and A Benchmarkcited by 206
- 2022High-dimensional Asymptotics of Feature Learning: How One Gradient Step Improves the Representationcited by 146
- 2021Improved architectures and training algorithms for deep operator networkscited by 85
- 2021Pufferfish: Communication-efficient Models At No Extra Costcited by 61
- 2021Noether's Learning Dynamics: Role of Symmetry Breaking in Neural Networkscited by 47
- 2024The AdEMAMix Optimizer: Better, Faster, Oldercited by 47
- 2022Towards understanding how momentum improves generalization in deep learningcited by 40
- 2022Spectral Evolution and Invariance in Linear-width Neural Networkscited by 30
- 2022Training Your Sparse Neural Network Better with Any Maskcited by 26
- 2021A Generalizable Approach to Learning Optimizerscited by 23
- 2023Phase diagram of early training dynamics in deep neural networks: effect of the learning rate, depth, and widthcited by 19
12 most cited of 30 All 30 (JSON)
- 2026On Interpolation Formulas Describing Neural Network Generalization14 Mar 2026
- 2026Large Spikes in Stochastic Gradient Descent: A Large-Deviations View10 Mar 2026
- 2026Dynamic Momentum Recalibration in Online Gradient Learning6 Mar 2026
- 2025Scaling depth capacity via zero/one-layer model expansion7 Nov 2025
- 2025Heavy-Ball Momentum Method in Continuous Time and Discretization Error Analysis3 Jun 2025
- 2025Enlightenment Period Improving DNN Performance2 Apr 2025
- 2024Collective variables of neural networks: empirical time evolution and scaling laws9 Oct 2024
- 2024The AdEMAMix Optimizer: Better, Faster, Older5 Sep 2024
- 2024Can Optimization Trajectories Explain Multi-Task Transfer?26 Aug 2024
- 2024Leveraging Continuous Time to Understand Momentum When Training Diagonal Linear Networks8 Mar 2024
- 2023Signal Processing Meets SGD: From Momentum to Filter6 Nov 2023
- 2023When and Why Momentum Accelerates SGD:An Empirical Study15 Jun 2023
12 newest of 30 All 30 (JSON)