mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Uncovering Coordinated Networks on Social Media: Methods and Case Studies

arXiv 2001.05658 ↗First posted 16 Jan 2020cs.SI physics.soc-phcited by 49

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Abstract (arXiv)

Coordinated campaigns are used to influence and manipulate social media platforms and their users, a critical challenge to the free exchange of information online. Here we introduce a general, unsupervised network-based methodology to uncover groups of accounts that are likely coordinated. The proposed method constructs coordination networks based on arbitrary behavioral traces shared among accounts. We present five case studies of influence campaigns, four of which in the diverse contexts of U.S. elections, Hong Kong protests, the Syrian civil war, and cryptocurrency manipulation. In each of these cases, we detect networks of coordinated Twitter accounts by examining their identities, images, hashtag sequences, retweets, or temporal patterns. The proposed approach proves to be broadly applicable to uncover different kinds of coordination across information warfare scenarios.

Key facts. Cited by 49 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 16 Jan 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 8; 2023: 6; 2024: 8; 2025: 8; 2026: 12.

49 papers.

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  1. 2023Factuality Challenges in the Era of Large Language Modelscited by 125
  2. 2022BOND: Benchmarking Unsupervised Outlier Node Detection on Static Attributed Graphscited by 80
  3. 2021A Survey on Multimodal Disinformation Detectioncited by 47
  4. 2023Anatomy of an AI-powered malicious social botnetcited by 35
  5. 2025How malicious AI swarms can threaten democracy: The fusion of agentic AI and LLMs marks a new frontier in information warfarecited by 20
  6. 2021VigDet: Knowledge Informed Neural Temporal Point Process for Coordination Detection on Social Mediacited by 14
  7. 2024Characteristics and prevalence of fake social media profiles with AI-generated facescited by 14
  8. 2021The Spread of Propaganda by Coordinated Communities on Social Mediacited by 10
  9. 2026The Moltbook Illusion: Separating Human Influence from Emergent Behavior in AI Agent Societiescited by 9
  10. 2021COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation Campaigns and Social Media Narrativescited by 7
  11. 2023Demystifying Misconceptions in Social Bots Researchcited by 7
  12. 2023Temporal Dynamics of Coordinated Online Behavior: Stability, Archetypes, and Influencecited by 6
37 more
  1. 2025Emergent Coordinated Behaviors in Networked LLM Agents: Modeling the Strategic Dynamics of Information Operationscited by 6
  2. 2022Sequence-Based Target Coin Prediction for Cryptocurrency Pump-and-Dumpcited by 4
  3. 2024IOHunter: Graph Foundation Model to Uncover Online Information Operationscited by 4
  4. 2025Community Moderation and the New Epistemology of Fact Checking on Social Mediacited by 4
  5. 2024Navigating the Post-API Dilemma | Search Engine Results Pages Present a Biased View of Social Media Datacited by 3
  6. 2024Coordinated Reply Attacks in Influence Operations: Characterization and Detectioncited by 3
  7. 2023Analyzing the Strategy of Propaganda using Inverse Reinforcement Learning: Evidence from the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukrainecited by 2
  8. 2024Unmasking Social Bots: How Confident Are We?cited by 2
  9. 2025AIMM: An AI-Driven Multimodal Framework for Detecting Social-Media-Influenced Stock Market Manipulationcited by 1
  10. 2021SINGA-Easy: An Easy-to-Use Framework for MultiModal Analysiscited by 0
  11. 2021VisualTextRank: Unsupervised Graph-based Content Extraction for Automating Ad Text to Image Searchcited by 0
  12. 2021Text is NOT Enough: Integrating Visual Impressions into Open-domain Dialogue Generationcited by 0
  13. 2022Discovering Personalized Semantics for Soft Attributes in Recommender Systems using Concept Activation Vectorscited by 0
  14. 2022Automated clustering of COVID-19 anti-vaccine discourse on Twittercited by 0
  15. 2022Reinforced MOOCs Concept Recommendation in Heterogeneous Information Networkscited by 0
  16. 2022Detection of Dangerous Events on Social Media: A Perspective Reviewcited by 0
  17. 2022Explanation-Guided Fairness Testing through Genetic Algorithmcited by 0
  18. 2022Using Graph Neural Networks for Program Terminationcited by 0
  19. 2023Tribe or Not? Critical Inspection of Group Differences Using TribalGramcited by 0
  20. 2024Large Language Models Reveal Information Operation Goals, Tactics, and Narrative Framescited by 0
  21. 2024SoMeR: Multi-View User Representation Learning for Social Mediacited by 0
  22. 2024The Veracity Problem: Detecting False Information and its Propagation on Online Social Media Networkscited by 0
  23. 2025ChestyBot: Detecting and Disrupting Chinese Communist Party Influence Stratagemscited by 0
  24. 2025Multimodal Coordinated Online Behavior: Trade-offs and Strategiescited by 0
  25. 2025Bots Don't Sit Still: A Longitudinal Study of Bot Behaviour Change, Temporal Drift, and Feature-Structure Evolutioncited by 0
  26. 2025Characterising Behavioural Families and Dynamics of Promotional Twitter Bots via Sequence-Based Modellingcited by 0
  27. 2026Beyond Content: Behavioral Policies Reveal Actors in Information Operationscited by 0
  28. 2026Community Concealment from Graph Neural Networkscited by 0
  29. 2026LLM Agents Make Collective Belief Dynamics Programmable: Challenges and Research Directionscited by 0
  30. 2026From 50K to 8.2 Million in 24 Hours: Vozinha's Algorithmic Consecration and the Multilingual Making of World Cup Visibilitycited by 0
  31. 2026Modeling Social Dynamics with an LLM-Enabled Agent Based Network-Dynamic (LAND) Modelcited by 0
  32. 2026IO Factory: Simulating AI-Enabled Influence Campaigns at Scalecited by 0
  33. 2026Predicting, Evaluating, and Explaining Top Misinformation Spreaders via Archetypal User Behaviorcited by 0
  34. 2026Counter-Swarm Doctrine: Containing Coordinated Agent Intrusionscited by 0
  35. 2026Not All Duplicates Are Coordination: Generic vs. Non-Generic Duplicate Campaigns in Information Operationscited by 0
  36. 2026FISSION: Label Augmentation for Bot Detectioncited by 0
  37. 2026Memetic Trojans: Social Contagions as Carriers of Adversarial Payloads in Agent Networkscited by 0