mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Lung and Colon Cancer Histopathological Image Dataset (LC25000)

arXiv 1912.12142 ↗First posted 16 Dec 2019eess.IV cs.CV q-bio.QMcited by 89

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Cited by 32 in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

The field of Machine Learning, a subset of Artificial Intelligence, has led to remarkable advancements in many areas, including medicine. Machine Learning algorithms require large datasets to train computer models successfully. Although there are medical image datasets available, more image datasets are needed from a variety of medical entities, especially cancer pathology. Even more scarce are ML-ready image datasets. To address this need, we created an image dataset (LC25000) with 25,000 color images in 5 classes. Each class contains 5,000 images of the following histologic entities: colon adenocarcinoma, benign colonic tissue, lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and benign lung tissue. All images are de-identified, HIPAA compliant, validated, and freely available for download to AI researchers.

Key facts. Cited by 89 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 16 Dec 2019.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 7; 2023: 14; 2024: 15; 2025: 30; 2026: 19.

89 papers.

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  1. 2023Quilt-1M: One Million Image-Text Pairs for Histopathologycited by 194
  2. 2024OmniMedVQA: A New Large-Scale Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Medical LVLMcited by 184
  3. 2024GMAI-MMBench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Evaluation Benchmark Towards General Medical AIcited by 96
  4. 2023PathAsst: A Generative Foundation AI Assistant Towards Artificial General Intelligence of Pathologycited by 57
  5. 2024PathMMU: A Massive Multimodal Expert-Level Benchmark for Understanding and Reasoning in Pathologycited by 43
  6. 2025Patho-R1: A Multimodal Reinforcement Learning-Based Pathology Expert Reasonercited by 40
  7. 2025QoQ-Med: Building Multimodal Clinical Foundation Models with Domain-Aware GRPO Trainingcited by 38
  8. 2024CPath-Omni: A Unified Multimodal Foundation Model for Patch and Whole Slide Image Analysis in Computational Pathologycited by 34
  9. 2025BIOMEDICA: An Open Biomedical Image-Caption Archive, Dataset, and Vision-Language Models Derived from Scientific Literaturecited by 34
  10. 2023Domain Generalization in Computational Pathology: Survey and Guidelinescited by 29
  11. 2024PathGen-1.6M: 1.6 Million Pathology Image-text Pairs Generation through Multi-agent Collaborationcited by 28
  12. 2023Medical Vision Language Pretraining: A surveycited by 24
38 more
  1. 2024Knowledge-enhanced Pretraining for Vision-language Pathology Foundation Model on Cancer Diagnosiscited by 21
  2. 2022FHIST: A Benchmark for Few-shot Classification of Histological Imagescited by 20
  3. 2023Holistic Evaluation of GPT-4V for Biomedical Imagingcited by 19
  4. 2023Adapter Learning in Pretrained Feature Extractor for Continual Learning of Diseasescited by 18
  5. 2024Benchmarking Pathology Foundation Models: Adaptation Strategies and Scenarioscited by 17
  6. 2024Knowledge-enhanced Visual-Language Pretraining for Computational Pathologycited by 14
  7. 2022Machine Learning-based Lung and Colon Cancer Detection using Deep Feature Extraction and Ensemble Learningcited by 13
  8. 2025CLIMB: Data Foundations for Large Scale Multimodal Clinical Foundation Modelscited by 13
  9. 2023Non-Smooth Weakly-Convex Finite-sum Coupled Compositional Optimizationcited by 10
  10. 2024A New Era in Computational Pathology: A Survey on Foundation and Vision-Language Modelscited by 9
  11. 2025Multi-Modal Foundation Models for Computational Pathology: A Surveycited by 9
  12. 2025PathOrchestra: A Comprehensive Foundation Model for Computational Pathology with Over 100 Diverse Clinical-Grade Taskscited by 9
  13. 2024ProtoS-ViT: Visual foundation models for sparse self-explainable classificationscited by 8
  14. 2024Boosting Vision-Language Models for Histopathology Classification: Predict all at oncecited by 8
  15. 2025How Good is my Histopathology Vision-Language Foundation Model? A Holistic Benchmarkcited by 8
  16. 2021Prediction of lung and colon cancer through analysis of histopathological images by utilizing Pre-trained CNN models with visualization of class activation and saliency mapscited by 7
  17. 2021PDBL: Improving Histopathological Tissue Classification with Plug-and-Play Pyramidal Deep-Broad Learningcited by 7
  18. 2022Rethinking Machine Learning Model Evaluation in Pathologycited by 6
  19. 2022Random Data Augmentation based Enhancement: A Generalized Enhancement Approach for Medical Datasetscited by 6
  20. 2025Multi-Resolution Pathology-Language Pre-training Model with Text-Guided Visual Representationcited by 6
  21. 2025SOTA: Self-adaptive Optimal Transport for Zero-Shot Classification with Multiple Foundation Modelscited by 6
  22. 2025Toward Medical Deepfake Detection: A Comprehensive Dataset and Novel Methodcited by 6
  23. 2023Harnessing Transformers: A Leap Forward in Lung Cancer Image Detectioncited by 5
  24. 2024VLM-CPL: Consensus Pseudo Labels from Vision-Language Models for Annotation-Free Pathological Image Classificationcited by 5
  25. 2025Delving into Out-of-Distribution Detection with Medical Vision-Language Modelscited by 5
  26. 2021Classification of Histopathology Images of Lung Cancer Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)cited by 4
  27. 2025An Explainable Biomedical Foundation Model via Large-Scale Concept-Enhanced Vision-Language Pre-trainingcited by 4
  28. 2026Histopath-C: Towards Realistic Domain Shifts for Histopathology Vision-Language Adaptationcited by 4
  29. 2023Provable Multi-instance Deep AUC Maximization with Stochastic Poolingcited by 3
  30. 2025vMFCoOp: Towards Equilibrium on a Unified Hyperspherical Manifold for Prompting Biomedical VLMscited by 3
  31. 2025PathFound: An Agentic Multimodal Model Activating Evidence-seeking Pathological Diagnosiscited by 3
  32. 2022Zero-Shot and Few-Shot Learning for Lung Cancer Multi-Label Classification using Vision Transformercited by 2
  33. 2024Towards Generative Class Prompt Learning for Fine-grained Visual Recognitioncited by 2
  34. 2024Class Incremental Learning with Task-Specific Batch Normalization and Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 2
  35. 2025MedicalNarratives: Connecting Medical Vision and Language with Localized Narrativescited by 2
  36. 2026Project Imaging-X: A Survey of 1000+ Open-Access Medical Imaging Datasets for Foundation Model Developmentcited by 2
  37. 2023Domain-Adaptive Learning: Unsupervised Adaptation for Histology Images with Improved Loss Function Combinationcited by 1
  38. 2025MedForge: Building Medical Foundation Models Like Open Source Software Developmentcited by 1

50 most cited of 89 All 89 (JSON)