Adaptive Trade-Offs in Off-Policy Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
A great variety of off-policy learning algorithms exist in the literature, and new breakthroughs in this area continue to be made, improving theoretical understanding and yielding state-of-the-art reinforcement learning algorithms. In this paper, we take a unifying view of this space of algorithms, and consider their trade-offs of three fundamental quantities: update variance, fixed-point bias, and contraction rate. This leads to new perspectives of existing methods, and also naturally yields novel algorithms for off-policy evaluation and control. We develop one such algorithm, C-trace, demonstrating that it is able to more efficiently make these trade-offs than existing methods in use, and that it can be scaled to yield state-of-the-art performance in large-scale environments.
Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 16 Oct 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2020: 1; 2021: 6; 2022: 5; 2023: 3; 2024: 3; 2025: 0; 2026: 2.
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- 2022Automated Reinforcement Learning (AutoRL): A Survey and Open Problemscited by 70
- 2021Offline Reinforcement Learning with Value-based Episodic Memorycited by 36
- 2021Revisiting Peng's Q(λ) for Modern Reinforcement Learningcited by 19
- 2022Grounding Aleatoric Uncertainty for Unsupervised Environment Designcited by 16
- 2021On component interactions in two-stage recommender systemscited by 14
- 2023The Statistical Benefits of Quantile Temporal-Difference Learning for Value Estimationcited by 14
- 2020Self-Imitation Learning via Generalized Lower Bound Q-learningcited by 13
- 2022The Nature of Temporal Difference Errors in Multi-step Distributional Reinforcement Learningcited by 10
- 2021Measuring Progress in Deep Reinforcement Learning Sample Efficiencycited by 8
- 2024Skill or Luck? Return Decomposition via Advantage Functionscited by 8
- 2023Trajectory-Aware Eligibility Traces for Off-Policy Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
- 2021Unifying Gradient Estimators for Meta-Reinforcement Learning via Off-Policy Evaluationcited by 5
8 more
- 2023Learning Curricula in Open-Ended Worldscited by 2
- 2024Highway Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2022Safe-FinRL: A Low Bias and Variance Deep Reinforcement Learning Implementation for High-Freq Stock Tradingcited by 1
- 2024Off-policy Distributional Q(λ): Distributional RL without Importance Samplingcited by 1
- 2021Improving the Efficiency of Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning by Accounting for Past Decisionscited by 0
- 2022Marginalized Operators for Off-policy Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Peng's Q(λ) for Conservative Value Estimation in Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026COPC: Coupled Off-Policy Correction for Asynchronous LLM Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026COPC: Coupled Off-Policy Correction for Asynchronous LLM Reinforcement Learning7 Oct 2026
- 2026Peng's Q(λ) for Conservative Value Estimation in Offline Reinforcement Learning14 May 2026
- 2024Highway Reinforcement Learning28 May 2024
- 2024Skill or Luck? Return Decomposition via Advantage Functions20 Feb 2024
- 2024Off-policy Distributional Q(λ): Distributional RL without Importance Sampling8 Feb 2024
- 2023Learning Curricula in Open-Ended Worlds3 Dec 2023
- 2023The Statistical Benefits of Quantile Temporal-Difference Learning for Value Estimation28 May 2023
- 2023Trajectory-Aware Eligibility Traces for Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning26 Jan 2023
- 2022The Nature of Temporal Difference Errors in Multi-step Distributional Reinforcement Learning15 Jul 2022
- 2022Grounding Aleatoric Uncertainty for Unsupervised Environment Design11 Jul 2022
- 2022Safe-FinRL: A Low Bias and Variance Deep Reinforcement Learning Implementation for High-Freq Stock Trading13 Jun 2022
- 2022Marginalized Operators for Off-policy Reinforcement Learning30 Mar 2022
8 more
- 2022Automated Reinforcement Learning (AutoRL): A Survey and Open Problems11 Jan 2022
- 2021Improving the Efficiency of Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning by Accounting for Past Decisions23 Dec 2021
- 2021Offline Reinforcement Learning with Value-based Episodic Memory19 Oct 2021
- 2021On component interactions in two-stage recommender systems28 Jun 2021
- 2021Unifying Gradient Estimators for Meta-Reinforcement Learning via Off-Policy Evaluation24 Jun 2021
- 2021Revisiting Peng's Q(λ) for Modern Reinforcement Learning27 Feb 2021
- 2021Measuring Progress in Deep Reinforcement Learning Sample Efficiency9 Feb 2021
- 2020Self-Imitation Learning via Generalized Lower Bound Q-learning12 Jun 2020
- 2024Skill or Luck? Return Decomposition via Advantage Functionscited by 8
- 2024Highway Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2024Highway Reinforcement Learning28 May 2024
- 2024Skill or Luck? Return Decomposition via Advantage Functions20 Feb 2024
- 2022Automated Reinforcement Learning (AutoRL): A Survey and Open Problemscited by 70
- 2021Revisiting Peng's Q(λ) for Modern Reinforcement Learningcited by 19
- 2022Grounding Aleatoric Uncertainty for Unsupervised Environment Designcited by 16
- 2021On component interactions in two-stage recommender systemscited by 14
- 2023The Statistical Benefits of Quantile Temporal-Difference Learning for Value Estimationcited by 14
- 2022The Nature of Temporal Difference Errors in Multi-step Distributional Reinforcement Learningcited by 10
- 2021Measuring Progress in Deep Reinforcement Learning Sample Efficiencycited by 8
- 2023Trajectory-Aware Eligibility Traces for Off-Policy Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
- 2021Unifying Gradient Estimators for Meta-Reinforcement Learning via Off-Policy Evaluationcited by 5
- 2023Learning Curricula in Open-Ended Worldscited by 2
- 2022Safe-FinRL: A Low Bias and Variance Deep Reinforcement Learning Implementation for High-Freq Stock Tradingcited by 1
- 2024Off-policy Distributional Q(λ): Distributional RL without Importance Samplingcited by 1
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026COPC: Coupled Off-Policy Correction for Asynchronous LLM Reinforcement Learning7 Oct 2026
- 2024Off-policy Distributional Q(λ): Distributional RL without Importance Sampling8 Feb 2024
- 2023Learning Curricula in Open-Ended Worlds3 Dec 2023
- 2023The Statistical Benefits of Quantile Temporal-Difference Learning for Value Estimation28 May 2023
- 2023Trajectory-Aware Eligibility Traces for Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning26 Jan 2023
- 2022The Nature of Temporal Difference Errors in Multi-step Distributional Reinforcement Learning15 Jul 2022
- 2022Grounding Aleatoric Uncertainty for Unsupervised Environment Design11 Jul 2022
- 2022Safe-FinRL: A Low Bias and Variance Deep Reinforcement Learning Implementation for High-Freq Stock Trading13 Jun 2022
- 2022Marginalized Operators for Off-policy Reinforcement Learning30 Mar 2022
- 2022Automated Reinforcement Learning (AutoRL): A Survey and Open Problems11 Jan 2022
- 2021Improving the Efficiency of Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning by Accounting for Past Decisions23 Dec 2021
- 2021On component interactions in two-stage recommender systems28 Jun 2021
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)