mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Out-of-Domain Detection for Low-Resource Text Classification Tasks

arXiv 1909.05357 ↗First posted 31 Aug 2019cs.CL cs.LG stat.MLcited by 36

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Abstract (arXiv)

Out-of-domain (OOD) detection for low-resource text classification is a realistic but understudied task. The goal is to detect the OOD cases with limited in-domain (ID) training data, since we observe that training data is often insufficient in machine learning applications. In this work, we propose an OOD-resistant Prototypical Network to tackle this zero-shot OOD detection and few-shot ID classification task. Evaluation on real-world datasets show that the proposed solution outperforms state-of-the-art methods in zero-shot OOD detection task, while maintaining a competitive performance on ID classification task.

Key facts. Cited by 36 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 31 Aug 2019.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 10; 2023: 9; 2024: 4; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

36 papers.

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  1. 2022Delving into Out-of-Distribution Detection with Vision-Language Representationscited by 215
  2. 2022State-of-the-art generalisation research in NLP: A taxonomy and reviewcited by 97
  3. 2021Types of Out-of-Distribution Texts and How to Detect Themcited by 80
  4. 2024LLM Internal States Reveal Hallucination Risk Faced With a Querycited by 80
  5. 2021Contrastive Out-of-Distribution Detection for Pretrained Transformerscited by 70
  6. 2021Revisiting Mahalanobis Distance for Transformer-Based Out-of-Domain Detectioncited by 67
  7. 2023Uncertainty in Natural Language Processing: Sources, Quantification, and Applicationscited by 44
  8. 2021Out-of-Scope Intent Detection with Self-Supervision and Discriminative Trainingcited by 42
  9. 2023A Survey on Out-of-Distribution Detection in NLPcited by 31
  10. 2023Is Fine-tuning Needed? Pre-trained Language Models Are Near Perfect for Out-of-Domain Detectioncited by 29
  11. 2021Revisiting Few-shot Relation Classification: Evaluation Data and Classification Schemescited by 27
  12. 2022Meta Learning for Natural Language Processing: A Surveycited by 26
24 more
  1. 2022Exploring Predictive Uncertainty and Calibration in NLP: A Study on the Impact of Method & Data Scarcitycited by 24
  2. 2021Enhancing the Generalization for Intent Classification and Out-of-Domain Detection in SLUcited by 22
  3. 2021GOLD: Improving Out-of-Scope Detection in Dialogues using Data Augmentationcited by 20
  4. 2022Towards Textual Out-of-Domain Detection without In-Domain Labelscited by 14
  5. 2022A Survey of Intent Classification and Slot-Filling Datasets for Task-Oriented Dialogcited by 14
  6. 2022Estimating Soft Labels for Out-of-Domain Intent Detectioncited by 11
  7. 2021Alquist 4.0: Towards Social Intelligence Using Generative Models and Dialogue Personalizationcited by 9
  8. 2024SeTAR: Out-of-Distribution Detection with Selective Low-Rank Approximationcited by 9
  9. 2023Novel Intent Detection and Active Learning Based Classification (Student Abstract)cited by 6
  10. 2023Out-of-Domain Intent Detection Considering Multi-Turn Dialogue Contextscited by 6
  11. 2022Learning to Classify Open Intent via Soft Labeling and Manifold Mixupcited by 5
  12. 2024An Effective Deployment of Diffusion LM for Data Augmentation in Low-Resource Sentiment Classificationcited by 5
  13. 2021ProtoInfoMax: Prototypical Networks with Mutual Information Maximization for Out-of-Domain Detectioncited by 4
  14. 2023Meta-Tsallis-Entropy Minimization: A New Self-Training Approach for Domain Adaptation on Text Classificationcited by 4
  15. 2021Towards Confident Machine Reading Comprehensioncited by 3
  16. 2022A Framework to Generate High-Quality Datapoints for Multiple Novel Intent Detectioncited by 2
  17. 2024Can Humans Identify Domains?cited by 2
  18. 2022Exploring the Advantages of Dense-Vector to One-Hot Encoding of Intent Classes in Out-of-Scope Detection Taskscited by 1
  19. 2023Semantic Role Labeling Guided Out-of-distribution Detectioncited by 1
  20. 2023BED: Bi-Encoder-Based Detectors for Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 0
  21. 2023Latent Feature-based Data Splits to Improve Generalisation Evaluation: A Hate Speech Detection Case Studycited by 0
  22. 2025Valuable Hallucinations: Realizable Non-realistic Propositionscited by 0
  23. 2025IDALC: A Semi-Supervised Framework for Intent Detection and Active Learning based Correctioncited by 0
  24. 2026Telling Human and Machine Handwriting Apartcited by 0