Variable Rate Deep Image Compression With a Conditional Autoencoder
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we propose a novel variable-rate learned image compression framework with a conditional autoencoder. Previous learning-based image compression methods mostly require training separate networks for different compression rates so they can yield compressed images of varying quality. In contrast, we train and deploy only one variable-rate image compression network implemented with a conditional autoencoder. We provide two rate control parameters, i.e., the Lagrange multiplier and the quantization bin size, which are given as conditioning variables to the network. Coarse rate adaptation to a target is performed by changing the Lagrange multiplier, while the rate can be further fine-tuned by adjusting the bin size used in quantizing the encoded representation. Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme provides a better rate-distortion trade-off than the traditional variable-rate image compression codecs such as JPEG2000 and BPG. Our model also shows comparable and sometimes better performance than the state-of-the-art learned image compression models that deploy multiple networks trained for varying rates.
Key facts. Cited by 109 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 11 Sep 2019.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 30; 2022: 20; 2023: 21; 2024: 15; 2025: 14; 2026: 9.
109 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2021Checkerboard Context Model for Efficient Learned Image Compressioncited by 193
- 2021Implicit Neural Representations for Image Compressioncited by 161
- 2022The Devil Is in the Details: Window-based Attention for Image Compressioncited by 141
- 2022An Introduction to Neural Data Compressioncited by 78
- 2021ELF-VC: Efficient Learned Flexible-Rate Video Codingcited by 68
- 2021Variable-Rate Deep Image Compression through Spatially-Adaptive Feature Transformcited by 56
- 2023EVC: Towards Real-Time Neural Image Compression with Mask Decaycited by 46
- 2021Differentiable Model Compression via Pseudo Quantization Noisecited by 44
- 2021Slimmable Compressive Autoencoders for Practical Neural Image Compressioncited by 38
- 2021Perceptual Learned Video Compression with Recurrent Conditional GANcited by 38
- 2021Algorithms for the Communication of Samplescited by 31
- 2021Extending Neural P-frame Codecs for B-frame Codingcited by 30
38 more
- 2021DPICT: Deep Progressive Image Compression Using Trit-Planescited by 25
- 2021Progressive Neural Image Compression with Nested Quantization and Latent Orderingcited by 24
- 2022Deep Lossy Plus Residual Coding for Lossless and Near-lossless Image Compressioncited by 21
- 2023Context-Based Trit-Plane Coding for Progressive Image Compressioncited by 21
- 2021ANFIC: Image Compression Using Augmented Normalizing Flowscited by 20
- 2022Flexible Neural Image Compression via Code Editingcited by 19
- 2023LVQAC: Lattice Vector Quantization Coupled with Spatially Adaptive Companding for Efficient Learned Image Compressioncited by 19
- 2023Adaptive Communications in Collaborative Perception with Domain Alignment for Autonomous Drivingcited by 19
- 2021Learning Scalable ℓ_∞-constrained Near-lossless Image Compression via Joint Lossy Image and Residual Compressioncited by 16
- 2022Selective compression learning of latent representations for variable-rate image compressioncited by 16
- 2024Controlling Rate, Distortion, and Realism: Towards a Single Comprehensive Neural Image Compression Modelcited by 16
- 2023Dynamic Path-Controllable Deep Unfolding Network for Compressive Sensingcited by 15
- 2024Once-for-All: Controllable Generative Image Compression with Dynamic Granularity Adaptationcited by 15
- 2022Learning-Driven Lossy Image Compression; A Comprehensive Surveycited by 13
- 2023ProgDTD: Progressive Learned Image Compression with Double-Tail-Drop Trainingcited by 13
- 2024VRVVC: Variable-Rate NeRF-Based Volumetric Video Compressioncited by 13
- 2021Interpolation variable rate image compressioncited by 12
- 2021LC-FDNet: Learned Lossless Image Compression with Frequency Decomposition Networkcited by 12
- 2021Learning Cross-Scale Weighted Prediction for Efficient Neural Video Compressioncited by 12
- 2022Bottlenecks CLUB: Unifying Information-Theoretic Trade-offs Among Complexity, Leakage, and Utilitycited by 12
- 2022Universal Deep Image Compression via Content-Adaptive Optimization with Adapterscited by 11
- 2023QVRF: A Quantization-error-aware Variable Rate Framework for Learned Image Compressioncited by 11
- 2024Rate-Distortion-Cognition Controllable Versatile Neural Image Compressioncited by 11
- 2021Insights from Generative Modeling for Neural Video Compressioncited by 9
- 2021Functional Neural Networks for Parametric Image Restoration Problemscited by 9
- 2022Bit Allocation using Optimizationcited by 9
- 2023Beyond Learned Metadata-based Raw Image Reconstructioncited by 9
- 2024Variable-Rate Learned Image Compression with Multi-Objective Optimization and Quantization-Reconstruction Offsetscited by 9
- 2022High-Fidelity Variable-Rate Image Compression via Invertible Activation Transformationcited by 8
- 2023Mixed Traffic Control and Coordination from Pixelscited by 8
- 2024Learning Optimal Lattice Vector Quantizers for End-to-end Neural Image Compressioncited by 8
- 2025UniPCGC: Towards Practical Point Cloud Geometry Compression via an Efficient Unified Approachcited by 8
- 2022Joint Image Compression and Denoising via Latent-Space Scalabilitycited by 7
- 2023Prompt-ICM: A Unified Framework towards Image Coding for Machines with Task-driven Promptscited by 7
- 2021CBANet: Towards Complexity and Bitrate Adaptive Deep Image Compression using a Single Networkcited by 6
- 2021Rate Distortion Characteristic Modeling for Neural Image Compressioncited by 6
- 2021Universal Efficient Variable-rate Neural Image Compressioncited by 6
- 2022Disparity-based Stereo Image Compression with Aligned Cross-View Priorscited by 6
50 most cited of 109 All 109 (JSON)
- 2026Tree-VQ: Progressive Image Compression from Pretrained Vector Quantizers3 Sep 2026
- 2026MixCompress: Mixture of Experts for Variable Rate Learned Image Compression15 Jul 2026
- 2026MoECodec: Image Compression for joint human and machine perception via Mixture-of-Experts19 Jun 2026
- 2026Learned Image Compression for Vision-Language-Action Models15 Jun 2026
- 2026Variable-Rate Deep Image Compression based on Low-Rank Adaptation by Progressive Learning15 Jun 2026
- 2026CodecSplat: Ultra-Compact Latent Coding for Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting25 May 2026
- 2026Adaptive Fused Prior Transfer for Controllable Generative Image Compression16 May 2026
- 2026Joint Degradation-Aware Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolution for Variable-Rate Extreme Image Compression18 Mar 2026
- 2026TinySense: Effective CSI Compression for Scalable and Accurate Wi-Fi Sensing22 Jan 2026
- 2025Error-Propagation-Free Learned Video Compression With Dual-Domain Progressive Temporal Alignment11 Dec 2025
- 2025HyperVQ: Enabling Hyperprior Entropy Modeling for VQ-Based Generative Image Compression8 Dec 2025
- 2025Machines Serve Human: A Novel Variable Human-machine Collaborative Compression Framework12 Nov 2025
38 more
- 2025Training-Free Adaptive Quantization for Variable Rate Image Coding for Machines8 Nov 2025
- 2025Deeply-Conditioned Image Compression via Self-Generated Priors28 Oct 2025
- 2025TerraCodec: Compressing Optical Earth Observation Data14 Oct 2025
- 2025Comp-X: On Defining an Interactive Learned Image Compression Paradigm With Expert-driven LLM Agent21 Aug 2025
- 2025Self-supervised Latent Space Optimization with Nebula Variational Coding2 Jun 2025
- 2025Generative Image Compression by Estimating Gradients of the Rate-variable Feature Distribution27 May 2025
- 2025All-in-One Transferring Image Compression from Human Perception to Multi-Machine Perception17 Apr 2025
- 2025DeCompress: Denoising via Neural Compression27 Mar 2025
- 2025Multi-Scale Invertible Neural Network for Wide-Range Variable-Rate Learned Image Compression27 Mar 2025
- 2025UniPCGC: Towards Practical Point Cloud Geometry Compression via an Efficient Unified Approach24 Mar 2025
- 2025Remote Inference over Dynamic Links via Adaptive Rate Deep Task-Oriented Vector Quantization5 Jan 2025
- 2024VRVVC: Variable-Rate NeRF-Based Volumetric Video Compression16 Dec 2024
- 2024Is JPEG AI going to change image forensics?4 Dec 2024
- 2024Learning Optimal Lattice Vector Quantizers for End-to-end Neural Image Compression25 Nov 2024
- 2024Toward Scalable Image Feature Compression: A Content-Adaptive and Diffusion-Based Approach8 Oct 2024
- 2024STanH : Parametric Quantization for Variable Rate Learned Image Compression1 Oct 2024
- 2024Rate-Distortion-Cognition Controllable Versatile Neural Image Compression16 Jul 2024
- 2024Rethinking Learned Image Compression: Context is All You Need16 Jul 2024
- 2024Once-for-All: Controllable Generative Image Compression with Dynamic Granularity Adaptation2 Jun 2024
- 2024Controlling Rate, Distortion, and Realism: Towards a Single Comprehensive Neural Image Compression Model27 May 2024
- 2024Rate-Adaptive Quantization: A Multi-Rate Codebook Adaptation for Vector Quantization-based Generative Models23 May 2024
- 2024Survey on Visual Signal Coding and Processing with Generative Models: Technologies, Standards and Optimization23 May 2024
- 2024Variable-Rate Learned Image Compression with Multi-Objective Optimization and Quantization-Reconstruction Offsets29 Feb 2024
- 2024Bit Rate Matching Algorithm Optimization in JPEG-AI Verification Model27 Feb 2024
- 2024Bit Distribution Study and Implementation of Spatial Quality Map in the JPEG-AI Standardization27 Feb 2024
- 2024End-to-End Optimized Image Compression with the Frequency-Oriented Transform16 Jan 2024
- 2023Corner-to-Center Long-range Context Model for Efficient Learned Image Compression29 Nov 2023
- 2023Progressive Learning with Visual Prompt Tuning for Variable-Rate Image Compression23 Nov 2023
- 2023Adaptive Communications in Collaborative Perception with Domain Alignment for Autonomous Driving15 Sep 2023
- 2023COMPASS: High-Efficiency Deep Image Compression with Arbitrary-scale Spatial Scalability11 Sep 2023
- 2023Regression-free Blind Image Quality Assessment with Content-Distortion Consistency18 Jul 2023
- 2023Neural Image Compression: Generalization, Robustness, and Spectral Biases17 Jul 2023
- 2023Joint Hierarchical Priors and Adaptive Spatial Resolution for Efficient Neural Image Compression5 Jul 2023
- 2023Dynamic Path-Controllable Deep Unfolding Network for Compressive Sensing28 Jun 2023
- 2023Beyond Learned Metadata-based Raw Image Reconstruction21 Jun 2023
- 2023Exploring Resolution Fields for Scalable Image Compression with Uncertainty Guidance15 Jun 2023
- 2023Exploring the Rate-Distortion-Complexity Optimization in Neural Image Compression12 May 2023
- 2023Prompt-ICM: A Unified Framework towards Image Coding for Machines with Task-driven Prompts4 May 2023
50 newest of 109 All 109 (JSON)
- 2024Toward Scalable Image Feature Compression: A Content-Adaptive and Diffusion-Based Approachcited by 6
- 2025Generative Image Compression by Estimating Gradients of the Rate-variable Feature Distributioncited by 1
- 2026Joint Degradation-Aware Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolution for Variable-Rate Extreme Image Compressioncited by 0
- 2026Joint Degradation-Aware Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolution for Variable-Rate Extreme Image Compression18 Mar 2026
- 2025Generative Image Compression by Estimating Gradients of the Rate-variable Feature Distribution27 May 2025
- 2024Toward Scalable Image Feature Compression: A Content-Adaptive and Diffusion-Based Approach8 Oct 2024
- 2026Learned Image Compression for Vision-Language-Action Models15 Jun 2026
- 2021Checkerboard Context Model for Efficient Learned Image Compressioncited by 193
- 2021Implicit Neural Representations for Image Compressioncited by 161
- 2022The Devil Is in the Details: Window-based Attention for Image Compressioncited by 141
- 2022An Introduction to Neural Data Compressioncited by 78
- 2021ELF-VC: Efficient Learned Flexible-Rate Video Codingcited by 68
- 2021Variable-Rate Deep Image Compression through Spatially-Adaptive Feature Transformcited by 56
- 2023EVC: Towards Real-Time Neural Image Compression with Mask Decaycited by 46
- 2021Differentiable Model Compression via Pseudo Quantization Noisecited by 44
- 2021Slimmable Compressive Autoencoders for Practical Neural Image Compressioncited by 38
- 2021Perceptual Learned Video Compression with Recurrent Conditional GANcited by 38
- 2021Algorithms for the Communication of Samplescited by 31
- 2021Extending Neural P-frame Codecs for B-frame Codingcited by 30
12 most cited of 102 All 102 (JSON)
- 2026Tree-VQ: Progressive Image Compression from Pretrained Vector Quantizers3 Sep 2026
- 2026Variable-Rate Deep Image Compression based on Low-Rank Adaptation by Progressive Learning15 Jun 2026
- 2026CodecSplat: Ultra-Compact Latent Coding for Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting25 May 2026
- 2026Adaptive Fused Prior Transfer for Controllable Generative Image Compression16 May 2026
- 2026TinySense: Effective CSI Compression for Scalable and Accurate Wi-Fi Sensing22 Jan 2026
- 2025Error-Propagation-Free Learned Video Compression With Dual-Domain Progressive Temporal Alignment11 Dec 2025
- 2025HyperVQ: Enabling Hyperprior Entropy Modeling for VQ-Based Generative Image Compression8 Dec 2025
- 2025Machines Serve Human: A Novel Variable Human-machine Collaborative Compression Framework12 Nov 2025
- 2025Training-Free Adaptive Quantization for Variable Rate Image Coding for Machines8 Nov 2025
- 2025Deeply-Conditioned Image Compression via Self-Generated Priors28 Oct 2025
- 2025TerraCodec: Compressing Optical Earth Observation Data14 Oct 2025
- 2025Self-supervised Latent Space Optimization with Nebula Variational Coding2 Jun 2025
12 newest of 102 All 102 (JSON)