EASSE: Easier Automatic Sentence Simplification Evaluation
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce EASSE, a Python package aiming to facilitate and standardise automatic evaluation and comparison of Sentence Simplification (SS) systems. EASSE provides a single access point to a broad range of evaluation resources: standard automatic metrics for assessing SS outputs (e.g. SARI), word-level accuracy scores for certain simplification transformations, reference-independent quality estimation features (e.g. compression ratio), and standard test data for SS evaluation (e.g. TurkCorpus). Finally, EASSE generates easy-to-visualise reports on the various metrics and features above and on how a particular SS output fares against reference simplifications. Through experiments, we show that these functionalities allow for better comparison and understanding of the performance of SS systems.
Key facts. Cited by 50 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 13 Aug 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 9; 2023: 18; 2024: 9; 2025: 5; 2026: 5.
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- 2023HelpSteer: Multi-attribute Helpfulness Dataset for SteerLMcited by 140
- 2022PEER: A Collaborative Language Modelcited by 86
- 2022Making Science Simple: Corpora for the Lay Summarisation of Scientific Literaturecited by 54
- 2023BLESS: Benchmarking Large Language Models on Sentence Simplificationcited by 34
- 2022EditEval: An Instruction-Based Benchmark for Text Improvementscited by 30
- 2021Text Simplification by Taggingcited by 27
- 2023Revisiting non-English Text Simplification: A Unified Multilingual Benchmarkcited by 27
- 2021Control Prefixes for Parameter-Efficient Text Generationcited by 23
- 2021Rethinking Automatic Evaluation in Sentence Simplificationcited by 17
- 2023APPLS: Evaluating Evaluation Metrics for Plain Language Summarizationcited by 15
- 2023DEPLAIN: A German Parallel Corpus with Intralingual Translations into Plain Language for Sentence and Document Simplificationcited by 14
- 2024mEdIT: Multilingual Text Editing via Instruction Tuningcited by 13
38 more
- 2023Learning to Paraphrase Sentences to Different Complexity Levelscited by 11
- 2025Reference-free Evaluation Metrics for Text Generation: A Surveycited by 9
- 2023Investigating Large Language Models and Control Mechanisms to Improve Text Readability of Biomedical Abstractscited by 8
- 2021Language Model Augmented Relevance Scorecited by 7
- 2022GRS: Combining Generation and Revision in Unsupervised Sentence Simplificationcited by 6
- 2023Exploiting Summarization Data to Help Text Simplificationcited by 5
- 2023Split and Rephrase with Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2022(Psycho-)Linguistic Features Meet Transformer Models for Improved Explainable and Controllable Text Simplificationcited by 4
- 2023A New Dataset and Empirical Study for Sentence Simplification in Chinesecited by 4
- 2024An In-depth Evaluation of Large Language Models in Sentence Simplification with Error-based Human Assessmentcited by 4
- 2023Context-Aware Document Simplificationcited by 3
- 2023Metric-Based In-context Learning: A Case Study in Text Simplificationcited by 3
- 2023Medical Text Simplification: Optimizing for Readability with Unlikelihood Training and Reranked Beam Search Decodingcited by 3
- 2023Creating a silver standard for patent simplificationcited by 3
- 2024REFeREE: A REference-FREE Model-Based Metric for Text Simplificationcited by 3
- 2025Aligning Sentence Simplification with ESL Learner's Proficiency for Language Acquisitioncited by 3
- 2022Unsupervised Sentence Simplification via Dependency Parsingcited by 2
- 2022Cognitive Simplification Operations Improve Text Simplificationcited by 2
- 2024On the Benefits of Fine-Grained Loss Truncation: A Case Study on Factuality in Summarizationcited by 2
- 2024WikiSplit++: Easy Data Refinement for Split and Rephrasecited by 2
- 2025Are LLM-generated plain language summaries truly understandable? A large-scale crowdsourced evaluationcited by 2
- 2025APIO: Automatic Prompt Induction and Optimization for Grammatical Error Correction and Text Simplificationcited by 2
- 2022SimpleBERT: A Pre-trained Model That Learns to Generate Simple Wordscited by 1
- 2023A Novel Dataset for Financial Education Text Simplification in Spanishcited by 1
- 2024Readability-guided Idiom-aware Sentence Simplification (RISS) for Chinesecited by 1
- 2024Large Language Models for Biomedical Text Simplification: Promising But Not There Yetcited by 1
- 2024Edit-Constrained Decoding for Sentence Simplificationcited by 1
- 2025Policy-based Sentence Simplification: Replacing Parallel Corpora with LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 1
- 2026Simplify-This: A Comparative Analysis of Prompt-Based and Fine-Tuned LLMscited by 1
- 2022Automatic Text Simplification of News Articles in the Context of Public Broadcastingcited by 0
- 2023Sentence Simplification Using Paraphrase Corpus for Initializationcited by 0
- 2023MCTS: A Multi-Reference Chinese Text Simplification Datasetcited by 0
- 2023LC-Score: Reference-less estimation of Text Comprehension Difficultycited by 0
- 2024EASSE-DE: Easier Automatic Sentence Simplification Evaluation for Germancited by 0
- 2026Profiling German Text Simplification with Interpretable Model-Fingerprintscited by 0
- 2026MuTSE: A Human-in-the-Loop Multi-use Text Simplification Evaluatorcited by 0
- 2026Translate or Simplify First: An Analysis of Cross-lingual Text Simplification in English and Frenchcited by 0
- 2026SimpCue: Cue-Based Prompting for Multilingual Text Simplificationcited by 0
- 2026SimpCue: Cue-Based Prompting for Multilingual Text Simplification28 Aug 2026
- 2026Translate or Simplify First: An Analysis of Cross-lingual Text Simplification in English and French26 Apr 2026
- 2026MuTSE: A Human-in-the-Loop Multi-use Text Simplification Evaluator10 Apr 2026
- 2026Profiling German Text Simplification with Interpretable Model-Fingerprints19 Jan 2026
- 2026Simplify-This: A Comparative Analysis of Prompt-Based and Fine-Tuned LLMs9 Jan 2026
- 2025Policy-based Sentence Simplification: Replacing Parallel Corpora with LLM-as-a-Judge6 Dec 2025
- 2025APIO: Automatic Prompt Induction and Optimization for Grammatical Error Correction and Text Simplification12 Aug 2025
- 2025Are LLM-generated plain language summaries truly understandable? A large-scale crowdsourced evaluation15 May 2025
- 2025Aligning Sentence Simplification with ESL Learner's Proficiency for Language Acquisition17 Feb 2025
- 2025Reference-free Evaluation Metrics for Text Generation: A Survey21 Jan 2025
- 2024Edit-Constrained Decoding for Sentence Simplification28 Sep 2024
- 2024Large Language Models for Biomedical Text Simplification: Promising But Not There Yet7 Aug 2024
38 more
- 2024Readability-guided Idiom-aware Sentence Simplification (RISS) for Chinese5 Jun 2024
- 2024WikiSplit++: Easy Data Refinement for Split and Rephrase13 Apr 2024
- 2024EASSE-DE: Easier Automatic Sentence Simplification Evaluation for German4 Apr 2024
- 2024REFeREE: A REference-FREE Model-Based Metric for Text Simplification26 Mar 2024
- 2024On the Benefits of Fine-Grained Loss Truncation: A Case Study on Factuality in Summarization9 Mar 2024
- 2024An In-depth Evaluation of Large Language Models in Sentence Simplification with Error-based Human Assessment8 Mar 2024
- 2024mEdIT: Multilingual Text Editing via Instruction Tuning26 Feb 2024
- 2023Split and Rephrase with Large Language Models18 Dec 2023
- 2023A Novel Dataset for Financial Education Text Simplification in Spanish15 Dec 2023
- 2023HelpSteer: Multi-attribute Helpfulness Dataset for SteerLM16 Nov 2023
- 2023BLESS: Benchmarking Large Language Models on Sentence Simplification24 Oct 2023
- 2023Creating a silver standard for patent simplification24 Oct 2023
- 2023Medical Text Simplification: Optimizing for Readability with Unlikelihood Training and Reranked Beam Search Decoding17 Oct 2023
- 2023LC-Score: Reference-less estimation of Text Comprehension Difficulty4 Oct 2023
- 2023Investigating Large Language Models and Control Mechanisms to Improve Text Readability of Biomedical Abstracts22 Sep 2023
- 2023Learning to Paraphrase Sentences to Different Complexity Levels4 Aug 2023
- 2023Metric-Based In-context Learning: A Case Study in Text Simplification27 Jul 2023
- 2023A New Dataset and Empirical Study for Sentence Simplification in Chinese7 Jun 2023
- 2023MCTS: A Multi-Reference Chinese Text Simplification Dataset5 Jun 2023
- 2023Sentence Simplification Using Paraphrase Corpus for Initialization31 May 2023
- 2023DEPLAIN: A German Parallel Corpus with Intralingual Translations into Plain Language for Sentence and Document Simplification30 May 2023
- 2023Revisiting non-English Text Simplification: A Unified Multilingual Benchmark25 May 2023
- 2023APPLS: Evaluating Evaluation Metrics for Plain Language Summarization23 May 2023
- 2023Context-Aware Document Simplification10 May 2023
- 2023Exploiting Summarization Data to Help Text Simplification14 Feb 2023
- 2022Automatic Text Simplification of News Articles in the Context of Public Broadcasting26 Dec 2022
- 2022(Psycho-)Linguistic Features Meet Transformer Models for Improved Explainable and Controllable Text Simplification19 Dec 2022
- 2022Cognitive Simplification Operations Improve Text Simplification16 Nov 2022
- 2022Making Science Simple: Corpora for the Lay Summarisation of Scientific Literature18 Oct 2022
- 2022EditEval: An Instruction-Based Benchmark for Text Improvements27 Sep 2022
- 2022PEER: A Collaborative Language Model24 Aug 2022
- 2022Unsupervised Sentence Simplification via Dependency Parsing10 Jun 2022
- 2022SimpleBERT: A Pre-trained Model That Learns to Generate Simple Words16 Apr 2022
- 2022GRS: Combining Generation and Revision in Unsupervised Sentence Simplification18 Mar 2022
- 2021Control Prefixes for Parameter-Efficient Text Generation15 Oct 2021
- 2021Language Model Augmented Relevance Score19 Aug 2021
- 2021Rethinking Automatic Evaluation in Sentence Simplification15 Apr 2021
- 2021Text Simplification by Tagging8 Mar 2021
- 2023HelpSteer: Multi-attribute Helpfulness Dataset for SteerLMcited by 140
- 2022PEER: A Collaborative Language Modelcited by 86
- 2022Making Science Simple: Corpora for the Lay Summarisation of Scientific Literaturecited by 54
- 2023BLESS: Benchmarking Large Language Models on Sentence Simplificationcited by 34
- 2022EditEval: An Instruction-Based Benchmark for Text Improvementscited by 30
- 2021Text Simplification by Taggingcited by 27
- 2023Revisiting non-English Text Simplification: A Unified Multilingual Benchmarkcited by 27
- 2021Control Prefixes for Parameter-Efficient Text Generationcited by 23
- 2021Rethinking Automatic Evaluation in Sentence Simplificationcited by 17
- 2023APPLS: Evaluating Evaluation Metrics for Plain Language Summarizationcited by 15
- 2023DEPLAIN: A German Parallel Corpus with Intralingual Translations into Plain Language for Sentence and Document Simplificationcited by 14
- 2024mEdIT: Multilingual Text Editing via Instruction Tuningcited by 13
12 most cited of 50 All 50 (JSON)
- 2026SimpCue: Cue-Based Prompting for Multilingual Text Simplification28 Aug 2026
- 2026Translate or Simplify First: An Analysis of Cross-lingual Text Simplification in English and French26 Apr 2026
- 2026MuTSE: A Human-in-the-Loop Multi-use Text Simplification Evaluator10 Apr 2026
- 2026Profiling German Text Simplification with Interpretable Model-Fingerprints19 Jan 2026
- 2026Simplify-This: A Comparative Analysis of Prompt-Based and Fine-Tuned LLMs9 Jan 2026
- 2025Policy-based Sentence Simplification: Replacing Parallel Corpora with LLM-as-a-Judge6 Dec 2025
- 2025APIO: Automatic Prompt Induction and Optimization for Grammatical Error Correction and Text Simplification12 Aug 2025
- 2025Are LLM-generated plain language summaries truly understandable? A large-scale crowdsourced evaluation15 May 2025
- 2025Aligning Sentence Simplification with ESL Learner's Proficiency for Language Acquisition17 Feb 2025
- 2025Reference-free Evaluation Metrics for Text Generation: A Survey21 Jan 2025
- 2024Edit-Constrained Decoding for Sentence Simplification28 Sep 2024
- 2024Large Language Models for Biomedical Text Simplification: Promising But Not There Yet7 Aug 2024
12 newest of 50 All 50 (JSON)