Data to 7 Oct 2026

Deep Pixel-wise Binary Supervision for Face Presentation Attack Detection

arXiv 1907.04047 ↗First posted 9 Jul 2019cs.CV cs.CRcited by 76

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Abstract (arXiv)

Face recognition has evolved as a prominent biometric authentication modality. However, vulnerability to presentation attacks curtails its reliable deployment. Automatic detection of presentation attacks is essential for secure use of face recognition technology in unattended scenarios. In this work, we introduce a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based framework for presentation attack detection, with deep pixel-wise supervision. The framework uses only frame level information making it suitable for deployment in smart devices with minimal computational and time overhead. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in public datasets for both intra as well as cross-dataset experiments. The proposed approach achieves an HTER of 0% in Replay Mobile dataset and an ACER of 0.42% in Protocol-1 of OULU dataset outperforming state of the art methods.

Key facts. Cited by 76 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Jul 2019.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 26; 2022: 13; 2023: 17; 2024: 10; 2025: 5; 2026: 5.

76 papers.

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2021Deep Learning for Face Anti-Spoofing: A Surveycited by 64
2021Dual-Cross Central Difference Network for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 47
2022Privacy-friendly Synthetic Data for the Development of Face Morphing Attack Detectorscited by 47
2023Rethinking Domain Generalization for Face Anti-spoofing: Separability and Alignmentcited by 47
2021Contrastive Context-Aware Learning for 3D High-Fidelity Mask Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 43
2021Cross Modal Focal Loss for RGBD Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 41
2021Biometrics: Trust, but Verifycited by 39
2021Detect and Locate: Exposing Face Manipulation by Semantic- and Noise-level Telltalescited by 39
2024SHIELD : An Evaluation Benchmark for Face Spoofing and Forgery Detection with Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 39
2024CFPL-FAS: Class Free Prompt Learning for Generalizable Face Anti-spoofingcited by 39
2021Meta-Teacher For Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 33
2021PW-MAD: Pixel-wise Supervision for Generalized Face Morphing Attack Detectioncited by 29

38 more

2021Learning Meta Pattern for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 29
2022Seeing is Living? Rethinking the Security of Facial Liveness Verification in the Deepfake Eracited by 26
2024Gradient Alignment for Cross-Domain Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 26
2022Benchmarking Joint Face Spoofing and Forgery Detection with Visual and Physiological Cuescited by 24
2023FM-ViT: Flexible Modal Vision Transformers for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 22
2021Real Masks and Spoof Faces: On the Masked Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 20
2021Dual Spoof Disentanglement Generation for Face Anti-spoofing with Depth Uncertainty Learningcited by 20
2023Rethinking Vision Transformer and Masked Autoencoder in Multimodal Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 19
2021Learnable Multi-level Frequency Decomposition and Hierarchical Attention Mechanism for Generalized Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 18
2023MA-ViT: Modality-Agnostic Vision Transformers for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 18
2022Digital and Physical Face Attacks: Reviewing and One Step Furthercited by 17
2023SynthASpoof: Developing Face Presentation Attack Detection Based on Privacy-friendly Synthetic Datacited by 17
2021Iris Presentation Attack Detection by Attention-based and Deep Pixel-wise Binary Supervision Networkcited by 15
2022Fairness in Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 13
2022One-Class Knowledge Distillation for Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 12
2023Surveillance Face Anti-spoofingcited by 12
2025Exploring ChatGPT for Face Presentation Attack Detection in Zero and Few-Shot in-Context Learningcited by 12
2023S-Adapter: Generalizing Vision Transformer for Face Anti-Spoofing with Statistical Tokenscited by 11
2021Disentangled Representation with Dual-stage Feature Learning for Face Anti-spoofingcited by 10
2021Partial Attack Supervision and Regional Weighted Inference for Masked Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 10
2021Consistency Regularization for Deep Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 10
2021Camera Invariant Feature Learning for Generalized Face Anti-spoofingcited by 9
2023Visual Prompt Flexible-Modal Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 9
2021On the Generalisation Capabilities of Fisher Vector based Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 8
2021FRT-PAD: Effective Presentation Attack Detection Driven by Face Related Taskcited by 7
2022A Comprehensive Evaluation on Multi-channel Biometric Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 7
2023Face Presentation Attack Detection by Excavating Causal Clues and Adapting Embedding Statisticscited by 7
2024DiffFAS: Face Anti-Spoofing via Generative Diffusion Modelscited by 7
2023Domain Generalization via Ensemble Stacking for Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 6
2021Taming Self-Supervised Learning for Presentation Attack Detection: De-Folding and De-Mixingcited by 5
2022Self-Supervised Face Presentation Attack Detection with Dynamic Grayscale Snippetscited by 5
2023M3FAS: An Accurate and Robust MultiModal Mobile Face Anti-Spoofing Systemcited by 5
2023Surveillance Face Presentation Attack Detection Challengecited by 5
2023SynFacePAD 2023: Competition on Face Presentation Attack Detection Based on Privacy-aware Synthetic Training Datacited by 5
2025Benchmarking Unified Face Attack Detection via Hierarchical Prompt Tuningcited by 5
2021Asymmetric Modality Translation For Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 4
2023Fine-Grained Annotation for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 4
2021Shuffled Patch-Wise Supervision for Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 3

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