mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Weight Agnostic Neural Networks

arXiv 1906.04358 ↗First posted 11 Jun 2019cs.LG cs.NE stat.MLcited by 71

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Not all neural network architectures are created equal, some perform much better than others for certain tasks. But how important are the weight parameters of a neural network compared to its architecture? In this work, we question to what extent neural network architectures alone, without learning any weight parameters, can encode solutions for a given task. We propose a search method for neural network architectures that can already perform a task without any explicit weight training. To evaluate these networks, we populate the connections with a single shared weight parameter sampled from a uniform random distribution, and measure the expected performance. We demonstrate that our method can find minimal neural network architectures that can perform several reinforcement learning tasks without weight training. On a supervised learning domain, we find network architectures that achieve much higher than chance accuracy on MNIST using random weights. Interactive version of this paper at https://weightagnostic.github.io/

Key facts. Cited by 71 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 11 Jun 2019.

Builds on

No reference list yet.

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2019: 2; 2020: 0; 2021: 27; 2022: 11; 2023: 14; 2024: 5; 2025: 7; 2026: 5.

71 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2023A Survey on Deep Neural Network Pruning-Taxonomy, Comparison, Analysis, and Recommendationscited by 200
  2. 2021State Entropy Maximization with Random Encoders for Efficient Explorationcited by 107
  3. 2022Automated Reinforcement Learning (AutoRL): A Survey and Open Problemscited by 69
  4. 2022Deep Differentiable Logic Gate Networkscited by 67
  5. 2022The State of Sparse Training in Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 60
  6. 2021Multi-Prize Lottery Ticket Hypothesis: Finding Accurate Binary Neural Networks by Pruning A Randomly Weighted Networkcited by 55
  7. 2021Rethinking and Improving the Robustness of Image Style Transfercited by 48
  8. 2025Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Foundation Modelscited by 43
  9. 2022Architectural Backdoors in Neural Networkscited by 24
  10. 2023Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning: A Surveycited by 24
  11. 2023ZeroRF: Fast Sparse View 360deg Reconstruction with Zero Pretrainingcited by 24
  12. 2021Minimum Description Length Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 23
38 more
  1. 2021Policy Manifold Search: Exploring the Manifold Hypothesis for Diversity-based Neuroevolutioncited by 20
  2. 2021TeachMyAgent: a Benchmark for Automatic Curriculum Learning in Deep RLcited by 18
  3. 2023NCP: Neural Correspondence Prior for Effective Unsupervised Shape Matchingcited by 18
  4. 2023Mitigating Task Interference in Multi-Task Learning via Explicit Task Routing with Non-Learnable Primitivescited by 18
  5. 2021MC-LSTM: Mass-Conserving LSTMcited by 17
  6. 2021Derivative-Free Reinforcement Learning: A Reviewcited by 15
  7. 2021Generic Perceptual Loss for Modeling Structured Output Dependenciescited by 9
  8. 2022Parameter-Efficient Masking Networkscited by 9
  9. 2021Proximal Policy Optimization with Continuous Bounded Action Space via the Beta Distributioncited by 8
  10. 2021Supervised training of spiking neural networks for robust deployment on mixed-signal neuromorphic processorscited by 7
  11. 2021Understanding and Accelerating Neural Architecture Search with Training-Free and Theory-Grounded Metricscited by 7
  12. 2019State Representation Learning from Demonstrationcited by 5
  13. 2021Slot Machines: Discovering Winning Combinations of Random Weights in Neural Networkscited by 5
  14. 2021Differentiable Architecture Search for Reinforcement Learningcited by 4
  15. 2022Meta-ticket: Finding optimal subnetworks for few-shot learning within randomly initialized neural networkscited by 4
  16. 2021What's Hidden in a One-layer Randomly Weighted Transformer?cited by 3
  17. 2021Accelerating Multi-Objective Neural Architecture Search by Random-Weight Evaluationcited by 3
  18. 2022Tuning Synaptic Connections instead of Weights by Genetic Algorithm in Spiking Policy Networkcited by 3
  19. 2024Evolution and learning in differentiable robotscited by 3
  20. 2025On the Interplay Between Sparsity and Training in Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
  21. 2025Evolutionary Policy Optimizationcited by 3
  22. 2021Assessing aesthetics of generated abstract images using correlation structurecited by 2
  23. 2021Deep Active Inference for Pixel-Based Discrete Control: Evaluation on the Car Racing Problemcited by 2
  24. 2021Exploratory State Representation Learningcited by 2
  25. 2022Learning to learn online with neuromodulated synaptic plasticity in spiking neural networkscited by 2
  26. 2023Zoo Guide to Network Embeddingcited by 2
  27. 2023Learning to Act through Evolution of Neural Diversity in Random Neural Networkscited by 2
  28. 2024Modular Growth of Hierarchical Networks: Efficient, General, and Robust Curriculum Learningcited by 2
  29. 2025Frozen Layers: Memory-efficient Many-fidelity Hyperparameter Optimizationcited by 2
  30. 2019Deep Innovation Protection: Confronting the Credit Assignment Problem in Training Heterogeneous Neural Architecturescited by 1
  31. 2021Self-Constructing Neural Networks Through Random Mutationcited by 1
  32. 2021Fixing the Teacher-Student Knowledge Discrepancy in Distillationcited by 1
  33. 2021Differentiable Architecture Pruning for Transfer Learningcited by 1
  34. 2021A Multi-channel Training Method Boost the Performancecited by 1
  35. 2022Evolving Pareto-Optimal Actor-Critic Algorithms for Generalizability and Stabilitycited by 1
  36. 2022Towards the Neuroevolution of Low-level Artificial General Intelligencecited by 1
  37. 2023Neural Architecture Search: Two Constant Shared Weights Initialisationscited by 1
  38. 2023Quantum Neuron Selection: Finding High Performing Subnetworks With Quantum Algorithmscited by 1

50 most cited of 71 All 71 (JSON)