mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Real-time 2D Multi-Person Pose Estimation on CPU: Lightweight OpenPose

arXiv 1811.12004 ↗First posted 29 Nov 2018cs.CVcited by 42

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this work we adapt multi-person pose estimation architecture to use it on edge devices. We follow the bottom-up approach from OpenPose, the winner of COCO 2016 Keypoints Challenge, because of its decent quality and robustness to number of people inside the frame. With proposed network design and optimized post-processing code the full solution runs at 28 frames per second (fps) on IntelunicodexAE NUC 6i7KYB mini PC and 26 fps on CoreTM i7-6850K CPU. The network model has 4.1M parameters and 9 billions floating-point operations (GFLOPs) complexity, which is just ~15% of the baseline 2-stage OpenPose with almost the same quality. The code and model are available as a part of IntelunicodexAE OpenVINOTM Toolkit.

Key facts. Cited by 42 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 29 Nov 2018.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 13; 2022: 11; 2023: 10; 2024: 6; 2025: 0; 2026: 2.

42 papers.

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  1. 2021FrankMocap: A Monocular 3D Whole-Body Pose Estimation System via Regression and Integrationcited by 168
  2. 2021Online Knowledge Distillation for Efficient Pose Estimationcited by 55
  3. 2022DeciWatch: A Simple Baseline for 10x Efficient 2D and 3D Pose Estimationcited by 29
  4. 2022PPT: token-Pruned Pose Transformer for monocular and multi-view human pose estimationcited by 27
  5. 2021A Lightweight Graph Transformer Network for Human Mesh Reconstruction from 2D Human Posecited by 21
  6. 2023Vision-Based Human Pose Estimation via Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 20
  7. 2022Lite Pose: Efficient Architecture Design for 2D Human Pose Estimationcited by 16
  8. 2024Efficient Heatmap-Guided 6-Dof Grasp Detection in Cluttered Scenescited by 11
  9. 2023PresSim: An End-to-end Framework for Dynamic Ground Pressure Profile Generation from Monocular Videos Using Physics-based 3D Simulationcited by 9
  10. 2022Fast and Robust Video-Based Exercise Classification via Body Pose Tracking and Scalable Multivariate Time Series Classifierscited by 8
  11. 2024GTPT: Group-based Token Pruning Transformer for Efficient Human Pose Estimationcited by 6
  12. 2021Towards Fast and Accurate Multi-Person Pose Estimation on Mobile Devicescited by 5
30 more
  1. 2023Human Body Pose Estimation for Gait Identification: A Comprehensive Survey of Datasets and Modelscited by 5
  2. 2023VSViG: Real-time Video-based Seizure Detection via Skeleton-based Spatiotemporal ViGcited by 5
  3. 2022Multitask Network for Joint Object Detection, Semantic Segmentation and Human Pose Estimation in Vehicle Occupancy Monitoringcited by 4
  4. 2022Occupancy Planes for Single-view RGB-D Human Reconstructioncited by 4
  5. 2024DIR-BHRNet: A Lightweight Network for Real-time Vision-based Multi-person Pose Estimation on Smartphonescited by 4
  6. 2024Your Turn: At Home Turning Angle Estimation for Parkinson's Disease Severity Assessmentcited by 3
  7. 2021Towards Automated and Marker-less Parkinson Disease Assessment: Predicting UPDRS Scores using Sit-stand videoscited by 2
  8. 2021ARShoe: Real-Time Augmented Reality Shoe Try-on System on Smartphonescited by 2
  9. 2022ADG-Pose: Automated Dataset Generation for Real-World Human Pose Estimationcited by 2
  10. 2022Binarizing by Classification: Is soft function really necessary?cited by 2
  11. 2023Real-time Addressee Estimation: Deployment of a Deep-Learning Model on the iCub Robotcited by 2
  12. 2021Orderly Dual-Teacher Knowledge Distillation for Lightweight Human Pose Estimationcited by 1
  13. 2021MotionInput v2.0 supporting DirectX: A modular library of open-source gesture-based machine learning and computer vision methods for interacting and controlling existing software with a webcamcited by 1
  14. 2022MARIO: Modular and Extensible Architecture for Computing Visual Statistics in RoboCup SPLcited by 1
  15. 2023A Video-based Detector for Suspicious Activity in Examination with OpenPosecited by 1
  16. 2023A webcam-based machine learning approach for three-dimensional range of motion evaluationcited by 1
  17. 2023Efficient, Self-Supervised Human Pose Estimation with Inductive Prior Tuningcited by 1
  18. 2021A Global to Local Double Embedding Method for Multi-person Pose Estimationcited by 0
  19. 2021Efficient Realistic Data Generation Framework leveraging Deep Learning-based Human Digitizationcited by 0
  20. 2021Multi-label Classification of Aircraft Heading Changes Using Neural Network to Resolve Conflictscited by 0
  21. 2021A Review on Human Pose Estimationcited by 0
  22. 2021Rethinking Deconvolution for 2D Human Pose Estimation Light yet Accurate Model for Real-time Edge Computingcited by 0
  23. 2022DF-Captcha: A Deepfake Captcha for Preventing Fake Callscited by 0
  24. 2022InFi: End-to-End Learning to Filter Input for Resource-Efficiency in Mobile-Centric Inferencecited by 0
  25. 2023P=uioio: On-device Real-Time Smartphone-Based Automated Exercise Repetition Counting Systemcited by 0
  26. 2023Improved TokenPose with Sparsitycited by 0
  27. 2024Estimating Human Poses Across Datasets: A Unified Skeleton and Multi-Teacher Distillation Approachcited by 0
  28. 2024A Multi-Modal Explainability Approach for Human-Aware Robots in Multi-Party Conversationcited by 0
  29. 2026Variational Encoder--Multi-Decoder (VE-MD) for Privacy-by-functional-design (Group) Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
  30. 2026Unsupervised Keypoints for Real-Time Fall Detection: Comparative Analysis Under Real-world Conditions with Predictive Bandwidth Reductioncited by 0