Unsupervised Image Super-Resolution using Cycle-in-Cycle Generative Adversarial Networks
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Abstract (arXiv)
We consider the single image super-resolution problem in a more general case that the low-/high-resolution pairs and the down-sampling process are unavailable. Different from traditional super-resolution formulation, the low-resolution input is further degraded by noises and blurring. This complicated setting makes supervised learning and accurate kernel estimation impossible. To solve this problem, we resort to unsupervised learning without paired data, inspired by the recent successful image-to-image translation applications. With generative adversarial networks (GAN) as the basic component, we propose a Cycle-in-Cycle network structure to tackle the problem within three steps. First, the noisy and blurry input is mapped to a noise-free low-resolution space. Then the intermediate image is up-sampled with a pre-trained deep model. Finally, we fine-tune the two modules in an end-to-end manner to get the high-resolution output. Experiments on NTIRE2018 datasets demonstrate that the proposed unsupervised method achieves comparable results as the state-of-the-art supervised models.
Key facts. Cited by 133 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 Sep 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 38; 2022: 32; 2023: 33; 2024: 13; 2025: 9; 2026: 8.
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- 2024HoliSDiP: Image Super-Resolution via Holistic Semantics and Diffusion Priorcited by 8
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- 2026WarpI2I: Image Warping for Image-to-Image Translation30 Jun 2026
- 2025HeadsUp! High-Fidelity Portrait Image Super-Resolution10 Oct 2025
- 2025Unsupervised Real-World Super-Resolution via Rectified Flow Degradation Modelling10 Aug 2025
- 2024HoliSDiP: Image Super-Resolution via Holistic Semantics and Diffusion Prior27 Nov 2024
- 2024DreamClear: High-Capacity Real-World Image Restoration with Privacy-Safe Dataset Curation24 Oct 2024
- 2023Diffusion Models for Image Restoration and Enhancement: A Comprehensive Survey18 Aug 2023
- 2023Generative Diffusion Prior for Unified Image Restoration and Enhancement3 Apr 2023
- 2021Real-ESRGAN: Training Real-World Blind Super-Resolution with Pure Synthetic Datacited by 961
- 2021Designing a Practical Degradation Model for Deep Blind Image Super-Resolutioncited by 524
- 2021Investigating Tradeoffs in Real-World Video Super-Resolutioncited by 133
- 2021Image-to-Image Translation: Methods and Applicationscited by 116
- 2022Efficient and Degradation-Adaptive Network for Real-World Image Super-Resolutioncited by 96
- 2021Blind Image Super-Resolution: A Survey and Beyondcited by 93
- 2023A Complete Survey on Generative AI (AIGC): Is ChatGPT from GPT-4 to GPT-5 All You Need?cited by 84
- 2023CoSeR: Bridging Image and Language for Cognitive Super-Resolutioncited by 66
- 2021Real-World Single Image Super-Resolution: A Brief Reviewcited by 65
- 2021Dual Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translationcited by 65
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- 2026Spectral Property-Driven Data Augmentation for Hyperspectral Single-Source Domain Generalization17 Mar 2026
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- 2026AlignVAR: Towards Globally Consistent Visual Autoregression for Image Super-Resolution28 Feb 2026
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