Real-World Single Image Super-Resolution: A Brief Review
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Abstract (arXiv)
Single image super-resolution (SISR), which aims to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) image from a low-resolution (LR) observation, has been an active research topic in the area of image processing in recent decades. Particularly, deep learning-based super-resolution (SR) approaches have drawn much attention and have greatly improved the reconstruction performance on synthetic data. Recent studies show that simulation results on synthetic data usually overestimate the capacity to super-resolve real-world images. In this context, more and more researchers devote themselves to develop SR approaches for realistic images. This article aims to make a comprehensive review on real-world single image super-resolution (RSISR). More specifically, this review covers the critical publically available datasets and assessment metrics for RSISR, and four major categories of RSISR methods, namely the degradation modeling-based RSISR, image pairs-based RSISR, domain translation-based RSISR, and self-learning-based RSISR. Comparisons are also made among representative RSISR methods on benchmark datasets, in terms of both reconstruction quality and computational efficiency. Besides, we discuss challenges and promising research topics on RSISR.
Key facts. Cited by 65 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 60 of its 159 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Mar 2021.
Builds on
60 of 159 references.
References · 60
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38 more
- 2017"Zero-Shot" Super-Resolution using Deep Internal Learningcited by 285
- 2020Component Divide-and-Conquer for Real-World Image Super-Resolutioncited by 243
- 2019Depth-Aware Video Frame Interpolationcited by 232
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- 2017Video Frame Interpolation via Adaptive Separable Convolutioncited by 211
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- 2018Deep Learning for Single Image Super-Resolution: A Brief Reviewcited by 158
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- 2018The Contextual Loss for Image Transformation with Non-Aligned Datacited by 135
- 2018Unsupervised Image Super-Resolution using Cycle-in-Cycle Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 133
- 2020Unfolding the Alternating Optimization for Blind Super Resolutioncited by 129
- 2020Meta-Transfer Learning for Zero-Shot Super-Resolutioncited by 116
- 2019Frequency Separation for Real-World Super-Resolutioncited by 115
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- 2018MEMC-Net: Motion Estimation and Motion Compensation Driven Neural Network for Video Interpolation and Enhancementcited by 111
- 2018To learn image super-resolution, use a GAN to learn how to do image degradation firstcited by 94
- 2020Closed-loop Matters: Dual Regression Networks for Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 90
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50 most cited of 60 All 60 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 10; 2023: 12; 2024: 21; 2025: 10; 2026: 8.
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- 2024A Survey on All-in-One Image Restoration: Taxonomy, Evaluation and Future Trendscited by 58
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- 2021A Systematic Survey of Deep Learning-based Single-Image Super-Resolutioncited by 19
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- 2026Training-Free Model Ensemble for Single-Image Super-Resolution via Strong-Branch Compensationcited by 6
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- 2021Kernel Adversarial Learning for Real-world Image Super-resolutioncited by 0
- 2022Improving trajectory calculations using deep learning inspired single image superresolutioncited by 0
- 2022Transferring learned patterns from ground-based field imagery to predict UAV-based imagery for crop and weed semantic segmentation in precision crop farmingcited by 0
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- 2026DPAMixerSR: An Efficient Degradation-Pattern-Aware Model for Image Super-Resolution26 Sep 2026
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- 2026MSIQ: Moment-based Scale-Invariant Quality Measure for Single Image Super-Resolution17 May 2026
- 2026Multispectral Blind Image Super-Resolution for Standing Dead Tree Segmentation4 May 2026
- 2026Training-Free Model Ensemble for Single-Image Super-Resolution via Strong-Branch Compensation13 Apr 2026
- 2026Beyond Model Design: Data-Centric Training and Self-Ensemble for Gaussian Color Image Denoising13 Apr 2026
- 2026Self-Supervised Image Super-Resolution Quality Assessment based on Content-Free Multi-Model Oriented Representation Learning11 Feb 2026
- 2025MRI Super-Resolution with Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Survey20 Nov 2025
- 2025Deep Learning Empowered Super-Resolution: A Comprehensive Survey and Future Prospects19 Sep 2025
- 2025Unsupervised Real-World Super-Resolution via Rectified Flow Degradation Modelling10 Aug 2025
- 2025Task-driven real-world super-resolution of document scans8 Jun 2025
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- 2025A Survey of Deep Learning Video Super-Resolution3 Jun 2025
- 2025Beyond Pretty Pictures: Combined Single- and Multi-Image Super-resolution for Sentinel-2 Images30 May 2025
- 2025Text2CT: Towards 3D CT Volume Generation from Free-text Descriptions Using Diffusion Model7 May 2025
- 2025Fusing Foveal Fixations Using Linear Retinal Transformations and Bayesian Experimental Design2 May 2025
- 2025DSPO: Direct Semantic Preference Optimization for Real-World Image Super-Resolution21 Apr 2025
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- 2024A Single-Frame and Multi-Frame Cascaded Image Super-Resolution Method13 Dec 2024
- 2024Test-time Cost-and-Quality Controllable Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolution with Variable Fourier Components7 Dec 2024
- 2024S3Mamba: Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolution via Scaleable State Space Model16 Nov 2024
- 2024Unveiling Hidden Details: A RAW Data-Enhanced Paradigm for Real-World Super-Resolution16 Nov 2024
- 2024A Modular Conditional Diffusion Framework for Image Reconstruction8 Nov 2024
- 2024A Survey on All-in-One Image Restoration: Taxonomy, Evaluation and Future Trends19 Oct 2024
- 2024Enhanced Super-Resolution Training via Mimicked Alignment for Real-World Scenes7 Oct 2024
- 2024EarthGen: Generating the World from Top-Down Views2 Sep 2024
- 2024Task-driven single-image super-resolution reconstruction of document scans12 Jul 2024
- 2024SR-CACO-2: A Dataset for Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy Image Super-Resolution13 Jun 2024
- 2024Towards Realistic Data Generation for Real-World Super-Resolution11 Jun 2024
- 2024SuperGaussian: Repurposing Video Models for 3D Super Resolution2 Jun 2024
- 2024Efficient Real-world Image Super-Resolution Via Adaptive Directional Gradient Convolution11 May 2024
- 2024Swin2-MoSE: A New Single Image Super-Resolution Model for Remote Sensing29 Apr 2024
- 2024DCAE-SR: Design of a Denoising Convolutional Autoencoder for reconstructing Electrocardiograms signals at Super Resolution29 Mar 2024
- 2024Self-STORM: Deep Unrolled Self-Supervised Learning for Super-Resolution Microscopy25 Mar 2024
- 2024Adaptive Semantic-Enhanced Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution17 Mar 2024
- 2024Image Super-resolution Inspired Electron Density Prediction19 Feb 2024
- 2024Learning Position-Aware Implicit Neural Network for Real-World Face Inpainting19 Jan 2024
- 2024No-Clean-Reference Image Super-Resolution: Application to Electron Microscopy16 Jan 2024
- 2024City Scene Super-Resolution via Geometric Error Minimization14 Jan 2024
- 2023Learn From Orientation Prior for Radiograph Super-Resolution: Orientation Operator Transformer27 Dec 2023
- 2023Infrared Image Super-Resolution via GAN1 Dec 2023
- 2023Ultra-Range Gesture Recognition using a Web-Camera in Human-Robot Interaction26 Nov 2023
- 2023Learning Many-to-Many Mapping for Unpaired Real-World Image Super-resolution and Downscaling8 Oct 2023
- 2023Self-Supervised Super-Resolution Approach for Isotropic Reconstruction of 3D Electron Microscopy Images from Anisotropic Acquisition19 Sep 2023
- 2023MetaF2N: Blind Image Super-Resolution by Learning Efficient Model Adaptation from Faces15 Sep 2023
- 2023CMISR: Circular Medical Image Super-Resolution15 Aug 2023
- 2023Physics-Informed Computer Vision: A Review and Perspectives29 May 2023
- 2023Quantum Annealing for Single Image Super-Resolution18 Apr 2023
- 2023Extremal Domain Translation with Neural Optimal Transport30 Jan 2023
- 2023Multitemporal and multispectral data fusion for super-resolution of Sentinel-2 images26 Jan 2023
50 newest of 65 All 65 (JSON)
- 2025DSPO: Direct Semantic Preference Optimization for Real-World Image Super-Resolutioncited by 13
- 2025Text2CT: Towards 3D CT Volume Generation from Free-text Descriptions Using Diffusion Modelcited by 13
- 2024Adaptive Semantic-Enhanced Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolutioncited by 2
- 2024A Modular Conditional Diffusion Framework for Image Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2025Unsupervised Real-World Super-Resolution via Rectified Flow Degradation Modellingcited by 0
- 2026TUDSR: Twice Upsampling-Diffusion for Higher Super-Resolutioncited by 0
- 2026Perceptually Regularized Diffusion Model for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 0
- 2026Perceptually Regularized Diffusion Model for Image Super-Resolution2 Sep 2026
- 2026TUDSR: Twice Upsampling-Diffusion for Higher Super-Resolution8 Jun 2026
- 2025Unsupervised Real-World Super-Resolution via Rectified Flow Degradation Modelling10 Aug 2025
- 2025Text2CT: Towards 3D CT Volume Generation from Free-text Descriptions Using Diffusion Model7 May 2025
- 2025DSPO: Direct Semantic Preference Optimization for Real-World Image Super-Resolution21 Apr 2025
- 2024A Modular Conditional Diffusion Framework for Image Reconstruction8 Nov 2024
- 2024Adaptive Semantic-Enhanced Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution17 Mar 2024
- 2024A Survey on All-in-One Image Restoration: Taxonomy, Evaluation and Future Trendscited by 58
- 2024Towards Realistic Data Generation for Real-World Super-Resolutioncited by 56
- 2021Text Prior Guided Scene Text Image Super-resolutioncited by 37
- 2024Efficient Real-world Image Super-Resolution Via Adaptive Directional Gradient Convolutioncited by 36
- 2023Physics-Informed Computer Vision: A Review and Perspectivescited by 28
- 2024Unveiling Hidden Details: A RAW Data-Enhanced Paradigm for Real-World Super-Resolutioncited by 25
- 2024SuperGaussian: Repurposing Video Models for 3D Super Resolutioncited by 22
- 2021A Systematic Survey of Deep Learning-based Single-Image Super-Resolutioncited by 19
- 2022MuS2: A Real-World Benchmark for Sentinel-2 Multi-Image Super-Resolutioncited by 13
- 2023Extremal Domain Translation with Neural Optimal Transportcited by 12
- 2022Infrared Image Super-Resolution: Systematic Review, and Future Trendscited by 10
- 2021Impact of deep learning-based image super-resolution on binary signal detectioncited by 9
12 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2026DPAMixerSR: An Efficient Degradation-Pattern-Aware Model for Image Super-Resolution26 Sep 2026
- 2026MSIQ: Moment-based Scale-Invariant Quality Measure for Single Image Super-Resolution17 May 2026
- 2026Multispectral Blind Image Super-Resolution for Standing Dead Tree Segmentation4 May 2026
- 2026Training-Free Model Ensemble for Single-Image Super-Resolution via Strong-Branch Compensation13 Apr 2026
- 2026Beyond Model Design: Data-Centric Training and Self-Ensemble for Gaussian Color Image Denoising13 Apr 2026
- 2026Self-Supervised Image Super-Resolution Quality Assessment based on Content-Free Multi-Model Oriented Representation Learning11 Feb 2026
- 2025MRI Super-Resolution with Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Survey20 Nov 2025
- 2025Deep Learning Empowered Super-Resolution: A Comprehensive Survey and Future Prospects19 Sep 2025
- 2025Task-driven real-world super-resolution of document scans8 Jun 2025
- 2025A Survey of Deep Learning Video Super-Resolution3 Jun 2025
- 2025Beyond Pretty Pictures: Combined Single- and Multi-Image Super-resolution for Sentinel-2 Images30 May 2025
- 2025Fusing Foveal Fixations Using Linear Retinal Transformations and Bayesian Experimental Design2 May 2025
12 newest of 57 All 57 (JSON)