Learning Actionable Representations from Visual Observations
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this work we explore a new approach for robots to teach themselves about the world simply by observing it. In particular we investigate the effectiveness of learning task-agnostic representations for continuous control tasks. We extend Time-Contrastive Networks (TCN) that learn from visual observations by embedding multiple frames jointly in the embedding space as opposed to a single frame. We show that by doing so, we are now able to encode both position and velocity attributes significantly more accurately. We test the usefulness of this self-supervised approach in a reinforcement learning setting. We show that the representations learned by agents observing themselves take random actions, or other agents perform tasks successfully, can enable the learning of continuous control policies using algorithms like Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) using only the learned embeddings as input. We also demonstrate significant improvements on the real-world Pouring dataset with a relative error reduction of 39.4% for motion attributes and 11.1% for static attributes compared to the single-frame baseline. Video results are available at https://sites.google.com/view/actionablerepresentations .
Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 2 Aug 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2019: 1; 2020: 0; 2021: 12; 2022: 11; 2023: 6; 2024: 2; 2025: 3.
35 papers.
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- 2022Reinforcement Learning with Action-Free Pre-Training from Videoscited by 107
- 2021XIRL: Cross-embodiment Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 101
- 2019Recent Advances in Imitation Learning from Observationcited by 92
- 2022Audio Self-supervised Learning: A Surveycited by 65
- 2025Embodied AI Agents: Modeling the Worldcited by 57
- 2022Reinforcement Learning with Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 43
- 2021Mine Your Own vieW: Self-Supervised Learning Through Across-Sample Predictioncited by 36
- 2021Return-Based Contrastive Representation Learning for Reinforcement Learningcited by 36
- 2022Stabilizing Off-Policy Deep Reinforcement Learning from Pixelscited by 32
- 2023Lossless Adaptation of Pretrained Vision Models For Robotic Manipulationcited by 28
- 2022K-VIL: Keypoints-based Visual Imitation Learningcited by 27
- 2022Contrastive UCB: Provably Efficient Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning in Online Reinforcement Learningcited by 26
23 more
- 2021Value Function Spaces: Skill-Centric State Abstractions for Long-Horizon Reasoningcited by 25
- 2025ViPRA: Video Prediction for Robot Actionscited by 24
- 2021Self-Supervised Disentangled Representation Learning for Third-Person Imitation Learningcited by 23
- 2022Visuomotor Control in Multi-Object Scenes Using Object-Aware Representationscited by 21
- 2021There Is No Turning Back: A Self-Supervised Approach for Reversibility-Aware Reinforcement Learningcited by 17
- 2021Shaping embodied agent behavior with activity-context priors from egocentric videocited by 17
- 2023SNeRL: Semantic-aware Neural Radiance Fields for Reinforcement Learningcited by 16
- 2021Recent Advances in Leveraging Human Guidance for Sequential Decision-Making Taskscited by 13
- 2022Learning Viewpoint-Agnostic Visual Representations by Recovering Tokens in 3D Spacecited by 13
- 2023Off-Policy RL Algorithms Can be Sample-Efficient for Continuous Control via Sample Multiple Reusecited by 12
- 2024Hierarchical Consensus-Based Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Robot Cooperation Taskscited by 12
- 2024Reinforcement Learning with Generalizable Gaussian Splattingcited by 11
- 2021Improving Context-Based Meta-Reinforcement Learning with Self-Supervised Trajectory Contrastive Learningcited by 8
- 2022Consensus Learning for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 8
- 2021Self-Supervised Motion Retargeting with Safety Guaranteecited by 6
- 2021Seeing All the Angles: Learning Multiview Manipulation Policies for Contact-Rich Tasks from Demonstrationscited by 5
- 2022Multi-View Dreaming: Multi-View World Model with Contrastive Learningcited by 5
- 2021Self-Supervised Metric Learning in Multi-View Data: A Downstream Task Perspectivecited by 3
- 2022Learning List-wise Representation in Reinforcement Learning for Ads Allocation with Multiple Auxiliary Taskscited by 3
- 2023Active Vision Reinforcement Learning under Limited Visual Observabilitycited by 0
- 2023Model-Based Reinforcement Learning with Multi-Task Offline Pretrainingcited by 0
- 2023Tracking Object Positions in Reinforcement Learning: A Metric for Keypoint Detection (extended version)cited by 0
- 2025rQdia: Regularizing Q-Value Distributions With Image Augmentationcited by 0
- 2025ViPRA: Video Prediction for Robot Actions11 Nov 2025
- 2025Embodied AI Agents: Modeling the World27 Jun 2025
- 2025rQdia: Regularizing Q-Value Distributions With Image Augmentation26 Jun 2025
- 2024Hierarchical Consensus-Based Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Robot Cooperation Tasks11 Jul 2024
- 2024Reinforcement Learning with Generalizable Gaussian Splatting18 Mar 2024
- 2023Tracking Object Positions in Reinforcement Learning: A Metric for Keypoint Detection (extended version)1 Dec 2023
- 2023Model-Based Reinforcement Learning with Multi-Task Offline Pretraining6 Jun 2023
- 2023Active Vision Reinforcement Learning under Limited Visual Observability1 Jun 2023
- 2023Off-Policy RL Algorithms Can be Sample-Efficient for Continuous Control via Sample Multiple Reuse29 May 2023
- 2023Lossless Adaptation of Pretrained Vision Models For Robotic Manipulation13 Apr 2023
- 2023SNeRL: Semantic-aware Neural Radiance Fields for Reinforcement Learning27 Jan 2023
- 2022K-VIL: Keypoints-based Visual Imitation Learning7 Sep 2022
23 more
- 2022Contrastive UCB: Provably Efficient Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning in Online Reinforcement Learning29 Jul 2022
- 2022Stabilizing Off-Policy Deep Reinforcement Learning from Pixels3 Jul 2022
- 2022Learning Viewpoint-Agnostic Visual Representations by Recovering Tokens in 3D Space23 Jun 2022
- 2022Consensus Learning for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning6 Jun 2022
- 2022Reinforcement Learning with Neural Radiance Fields3 Jun 2022
- 2022Visuomotor Control in Multi-Object Scenes Using Object-Aware Representations12 May 2022
- 2022Learning List-wise Representation in Reinforcement Learning for Ads Allocation with Multiple Auxiliary Tasks2 Apr 2022
- 2022Reinforcement Learning with Action-Free Pre-Training from Videos25 Mar 2022
- 2022Multi-View Dreaming: Multi-View World Model with Contrastive Learning15 Mar 2022
- 2022Audio Self-supervised Learning: A Survey2 Mar 2022
- 2021Value Function Spaces: Skill-Centric State Abstractions for Long-Horizon Reasoning4 Nov 2021
- 2021Shaping embodied agent behavior with activity-context priors from egocentric video14 Oct 2021
- 2021Self-Supervised Disentangled Representation Learning for Third-Person Imitation Learning2 Aug 2021
- 2021Recent Advances in Leveraging Human Guidance for Sequential Decision-Making Tasks13 Jul 2021
- 2021Self-Supervised Metric Learning in Multi-View Data: A Downstream Task Perspective14 Jun 2021
- 2021There Is No Turning Back: A Self-Supervised Approach for Reversibility-Aware Reinforcement Learning8 Jun 2021
- 2021XIRL: Cross-embodiment Inverse Reinforcement Learning7 Jun 2021
- 2021Seeing All the Angles: Learning Multiview Manipulation Policies for Contact-Rich Tasks from Demonstrations28 Apr 2021
- 2021Self-Supervised Motion Retargeting with Safety Guarantee11 Mar 2021
- 2021Improving Context-Based Meta-Reinforcement Learning with Self-Supervised Trajectory Contrastive Learning10 Mar 2021
- 2021Return-Based Contrastive Representation Learning for Reinforcement Learning22 Feb 2021
- 2021Mine Your Own vieW: Self-Supervised Learning Through Across-Sample Prediction19 Feb 2021
- 2019Recent Advances in Imitation Learning from Observation30 May 2019
- 2021XIRL: Cross-embodiment Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 101
- 2019Recent Advances in Imitation Learning from Observationcited by 92
- 2022K-VIL: Keypoints-based Visual Imitation Learningcited by 27
- 2021Self-Supervised Disentangled Representation Learning for Third-Person Imitation Learningcited by 23
- 2022K-VIL: Keypoints-based Visual Imitation Learning7 Sep 2022
- 2021Self-Supervised Disentangled Representation Learning for Third-Person Imitation Learning2 Aug 2021
- 2021XIRL: Cross-embodiment Inverse Reinforcement Learning7 Jun 2021
- 2019Recent Advances in Imitation Learning from Observation30 May 2019
- 2022Reinforcement Learning with Action-Free Pre-Training from Videoscited by 107
- 2022Audio Self-supervised Learning: A Surveycited by 65
- 2022Reinforcement Learning with Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 43
- 2021Mine Your Own vieW: Self-Supervised Learning Through Across-Sample Predictioncited by 36
- 2021Return-Based Contrastive Representation Learning for Reinforcement Learningcited by 36
- 2022Stabilizing Off-Policy Deep Reinforcement Learning from Pixelscited by 32
- 2023Lossless Adaptation of Pretrained Vision Models For Robotic Manipulationcited by 28
- 2022Contrastive UCB: Provably Efficient Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning in Online Reinforcement Learningcited by 26
- 2021Value Function Spaces: Skill-Centric State Abstractions for Long-Horizon Reasoningcited by 25
- 2025ViPRA: Video Prediction for Robot Actionscited by 24
- 2022Visuomotor Control in Multi-Object Scenes Using Object-Aware Representationscited by 21
- 2021There Is No Turning Back: A Self-Supervised Approach for Reversibility-Aware Reinforcement Learningcited by 17
12 most cited of 28 All 28 (JSON)
- 2025ViPRA: Video Prediction for Robot Actions11 Nov 2025
- 2025rQdia: Regularizing Q-Value Distributions With Image Augmentation26 Jun 2025
- 2024Hierarchical Consensus-Based Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Robot Cooperation Tasks11 Jul 2024
- 2024Reinforcement Learning with Generalizable Gaussian Splatting18 Mar 2024
- 2023Tracking Object Positions in Reinforcement Learning: A Metric for Keypoint Detection (extended version)1 Dec 2023
- 2023Active Vision Reinforcement Learning under Limited Visual Observability1 Jun 2023
- 2023Off-Policy RL Algorithms Can be Sample-Efficient for Continuous Control via Sample Multiple Reuse29 May 2023
- 2023Lossless Adaptation of Pretrained Vision Models For Robotic Manipulation13 Apr 2023
- 2023SNeRL: Semantic-aware Neural Radiance Fields for Reinforcement Learning27 Jan 2023
- 2022Contrastive UCB: Provably Efficient Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning in Online Reinforcement Learning29 Jul 2022
- 2022Stabilizing Off-Policy Deep Reinforcement Learning from Pixels3 Jul 2022
- 2022Learning Viewpoint-Agnostic Visual Representations by Recovering Tokens in 3D Space23 Jun 2022
12 newest of 28 All 28 (JSON)