Neural Argument Generation Augmented with Externally Retrieved Evidence
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Abstract (arXiv)
High quality arguments are essential elements for human reasoning and decision-making processes. However, effective argument construction is a challenging task for both human and machines. In this work, we study a novel task on automatically generating arguments of a different stance for a given statement. We propose an encoder-decoder style neural network-based argument generation model enriched with externally retrieved evidence from Wikipedia. Our model first generates a set of talking point phrases as intermediate representation, followed by a separate decoder producing the final argument based on both input and the keyphrases. Experiments on a large-scale dataset collected from Reddit show that our model constructs arguments with more topic-relevant content than a popular sequence-to-sequence generation model according to both automatic evaluation and human assessments.
Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 25 May 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 2; 2023: 9; 2024: 9; 2025: 3; 2026: 4.
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- 2021Towards Knowledge-Grounded Counter Narrative Generation for Hate Speechcited by 42
- 2023Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models in Computational Argumentationcited by 42
- 2024Debate-to-Write: A Persona-Driven Multi-Agent Framework for Diverse Argument Generationcited by 29
- 2024RAG and RAU: A Survey on Retrieval-Augmented Language Model in Natural Language Processingcited by 25
- 2021Argument Undermining: Counter-Argument Generation by Attacking Weak Premisescited by 22
- 2024NLP for Counterspeech against Hate: A Survey and How-To Guidecited by 22
- 2021Scientia Potentia Est -- On the Role of Knowledge in Computational Argumentationcited by 17
- 2021MultiOpEd: A Corpus of Multi-Perspective News Editorialscited by 13
- 2023Argue with Me Tersely: Towards Sentence-Level Counter-Argument Generationcited by 12
- 2021DYPLOC: Dynamic Planning of Content Using Mixed Language Models for Text Generationcited by 11
- 2024Is Safer Better? The Impact of Guardrails on the Argumentative Strength of LLMs in Hate Speech Counteringcited by 11
- 2023AMERICANO: Argument Generation with Discourse-driven Decomposition and Agent Interactioncited by 8
22 more
- 2023ArgU: A Controllable Factual Argument Generatorcited by 7
- 2024A Logical Fallacy-Informed Framework for Argument Generationcited by 7
- 2021Knowledge-Enhanced Evidence Retrieval for Counterargument Generationcited by 6
- 2023HiTZ@Antidote: Argumentation-driven Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Digital Medicinecited by 5
- 2024NLAS-multi: A Multilingual Corpus of Automatically Generated Natural Language Argumentation Schemescited by 5
- 2024ConQRet: Benchmarking Fine-Grained Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Argumentation with LLM Judgescited by 5
- 2025R-Debater: Retrieval-Augmented Debate Generation through Argumentative Memorycited by 4
- 2025Dynamic Knowledge Integration for Evidence-Driven Counter-Argument Generation with Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2022LPAttack: A Feasible Annotation Scheme for Capturing Logic Pattern of Attacks in Argumentscited by 2
- 2023A Deeper (Autoregressive) Approach to Non-Convergent Discourse Parsingcited by 2
- 2023Generating Explanations in Medical Question-Answering by Expectation Maximization Inference over Evidencecited by 2
- 2024Overview of AI-Debater 2023: The Challenges of Argument Generation Taskscited by 2
- 2022ArgSciChat: A Dataset for Argumentative Dialogues on Scientific Paperscited by 1
- 2023Conclusion-based Counter-Argument Generationcited by 1
- 2023Revisiting the Role of Similarity and Dissimilarity in Best Counter Argument Retrievalcited by 1
- 2025Integrating Machine Learning into Belief-Desire-Intention Agents: Current Advances and Open Challengescited by 1
- 2026ArgBench: Benchmarking LLMs on Computational Argumentation Taskscited by 1
- 2021An Empirical Study on Measuring the Similarity of Sentential Arguments with Language Model Domain Adaptationcited by 0
- 2024FinGen: A Dataset for Argument Generation in Financecited by 0
- 2026SAD: A Large-Scale Strategic Argumentative Dialogue Datasetcited by 0
- 2026ARGUS: Theory-of-Mind Guided Argument Generation with Strategy-Aware Planning and Knowledge Groundingcited by 0
- 2026PTCG: Persona-guided Tree-based Counterargument Generationcited by 0
- 2026PTCG: Persona-guided Tree-based Counterargument Generation7 Sep 2026
- 2026ARGUS: Theory-of-Mind Guided Argument Generation with Strategy-Aware Planning and Knowledge Grounding6 Aug 2026
- 2026ArgBench: Benchmarking LLMs on Computational Argumentation Tasks19 Apr 2026
- 2026SAD: A Large-Scale Strategic Argumentative Dialogue Dataset12 Jan 2026
- 2025R-Debater: Retrieval-Augmented Debate Generation through Argumentative Memory31 Dec 2025
- 2025Integrating Machine Learning into Belief-Desire-Intention Agents: Current Advances and Open Challenges23 Oct 2025
- 2025Dynamic Knowledge Integration for Evidence-Driven Counter-Argument Generation with Large Language Models7 Mar 2025
- 2024ConQRet: Benchmarking Fine-Grained Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Argumentation with LLM Judges6 Dec 2024
- 2024Is Safer Better? The Impact of Guardrails on the Argumentative Strength of LLMs in Hate Speech Countering4 Oct 2024
- 2024A Logical Fallacy-Informed Framework for Argument Generation7 Aug 2024
- 2024Overview of AI-Debater 2023: The Challenges of Argument Generation Tasks20 Jul 2024
- 2024Debate-to-Write: A Persona-Driven Multi-Agent Framework for Diverse Argument Generation28 Jun 2024
22 more
- 2024FinGen: A Dataset for Argument Generation in Finance31 May 2024
- 2024RAG and RAU: A Survey on Retrieval-Augmented Language Model in Natural Language Processing30 Apr 2024
- 2024NLP for Counterspeech against Hate: A Survey and How-To Guide29 Mar 2024
- 2024NLAS-multi: A Multilingual Corpus of Automatically Generated Natural Language Argumentation Schemes22 Feb 2024
- 2023Argue with Me Tersely: Towards Sentence-Level Counter-Argument Generation21 Dec 2023
- 2023Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models in Computational Argumentation15 Nov 2023
- 2023AMERICANO: Argument Generation with Discourse-driven Decomposition and Agent Interaction31 Oct 2023
- 2023Generating Explanations in Medical Question-Answering by Expectation Maximization Inference over Evidence2 Oct 2023
- 2023HiTZ@Antidote: Argumentation-driven Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Digital Medicine9 Jun 2023
- 2023A Deeper (Autoregressive) Approach to Non-Convergent Discourse Parsing21 May 2023
- 2023ArgU: A Controllable Factual Argument Generator9 May 2023
- 2023Revisiting the Role of Similarity and Dissimilarity in Best Counter Argument Retrieval18 Apr 2023
- 2023Conclusion-based Counter-Argument Generation24 Jan 2023
- 2022LPAttack: A Feasible Annotation Scheme for Capturing Logic Pattern of Attacks in Arguments4 Apr 2022
- 2022ArgSciChat: A Dataset for Argumentative Dialogues on Scientific Papers14 Feb 2022
- 2021Knowledge-Enhanced Evidence Retrieval for Counterargument Generation19 Sep 2021
- 2021Scientia Potentia Est -- On the Role of Knowledge in Computational Argumentation1 Jul 2021
- 2021Towards Knowledge-Grounded Counter Narrative Generation for Hate Speech22 Jun 2021
- 2021MultiOpEd: A Corpus of Multi-Perspective News Editorials4 Jun 2021
- 2021DYPLOC: Dynamic Planning of Content Using Mixed Language Models for Text Generation1 Jun 2021
- 2021Argument Undermining: Counter-Argument Generation by Attacking Weak Premises25 May 2021
- 2021An Empirical Study on Measuring the Similarity of Sentential Arguments with Language Model Domain Adaptation19 Feb 2021
- 2024RAG and RAU: A Survey on Retrieval-Augmented Language Model in Natural Language Processingcited by 25
- 2024ConQRet: Benchmarking Fine-Grained Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Argumentation with LLM Judgescited by 5
- 2025R-Debater: Retrieval-Augmented Debate Generation through Argumentative Memorycited by 4
- 2025R-Debater: Retrieval-Augmented Debate Generation through Argumentative Memory31 Dec 2025
- 2024ConQRet: Benchmarking Fine-Grained Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Argumentation with LLM Judges6 Dec 2024
- 2024RAG and RAU: A Survey on Retrieval-Augmented Language Model in Natural Language Processing30 Apr 2024
- 2021Towards Knowledge-Grounded Counter Narrative Generation for Hate Speechcited by 42
- 2023Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models in Computational Argumentationcited by 42
- 2021Argument Undermining: Counter-Argument Generation by Attacking Weak Premisescited by 22
- 2024NLP for Counterspeech against Hate: A Survey and How-To Guidecited by 22
- 2021Scientia Potentia Est -- On the Role of Knowledge in Computational Argumentationcited by 17
- 2021MultiOpEd: A Corpus of Multi-Perspective News Editorialscited by 13
- 2023Argue with Me Tersely: Towards Sentence-Level Counter-Argument Generationcited by 12
- 2021DYPLOC: Dynamic Planning of Content Using Mixed Language Models for Text Generationcited by 11
- 2023ArgU: A Controllable Factual Argument Generatorcited by 7
- 2021Knowledge-Enhanced Evidence Retrieval for Counterargument Generationcited by 6
- 2023HiTZ@Antidote: Argumentation-driven Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Digital Medicinecited by 5
- 2024NLAS-multi: A Multilingual Corpus of Automatically Generated Natural Language Argumentation Schemescited by 5
12 most cited of 27 All 27 (JSON)
- 2026PTCG: Persona-guided Tree-based Counterargument Generation7 Sep 2026
- 2026ARGUS: Theory-of-Mind Guided Argument Generation with Strategy-Aware Planning and Knowledge Grounding6 Aug 2026
- 2026ArgBench: Benchmarking LLMs on Computational Argumentation Tasks19 Apr 2026
- 2026SAD: A Large-Scale Strategic Argumentative Dialogue Dataset12 Jan 2026
- 2025Integrating Machine Learning into Belief-Desire-Intention Agents: Current Advances and Open Challenges23 Oct 2025
- 2025Dynamic Knowledge Integration for Evidence-Driven Counter-Argument Generation with Large Language Models7 Mar 2025
- 2024Overview of AI-Debater 2023: The Challenges of Argument Generation Tasks20 Jul 2024
- 2024FinGen: A Dataset for Argument Generation in Finance31 May 2024
- 2024NLP for Counterspeech against Hate: A Survey and How-To Guide29 Mar 2024
- 2024NLAS-multi: A Multilingual Corpus of Automatically Generated Natural Language Argumentation Schemes22 Feb 2024
- 2023Argue with Me Tersely: Towards Sentence-Level Counter-Argument Generation21 Dec 2023
- 2023Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models in Computational Argumentation15 Nov 2023
12 newest of 27 All 27 (JSON)