Learning General Purpose Distributed Sentence Representations via Large Scale Multi-task Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
A lot of the recent success in natural language processing (NLP) has been driven by distributed vector representations of words trained on large amounts of text in an unsupervised manner. These representations are typically used as general purpose features for words across a range of NLP problems. However, extending this success to learning representations of sequences of words, such as sentences, remains an open problem. Recent work has explored unsupervised as well as supervised learning techniques with different training objectives to learn general purpose fixed-length sentence representations. In this work, we present a simple, effective multi-task learning framework for sentence representations that combines the inductive biases of diverse training objectives in a single model. We train this model on several data sources with multiple training objectives on over 100 million sentences. Extensive experiments demonstrate that sharing a single recurrent sentence encoder across weakly related tasks leads to consistent improvements over previous methods. We present substantial improvements in the context of transfer learning and low-resource settings using our learned general-purpose representations.
Key facts. Cited by 52 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 30 Mar 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 24; 2022: 9; 2023: 10; 2024: 2; 2025: 6; 2026: 1.
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- 2023Improving Conversational Recommendation Systems via Counterfactual Data Simulation5 Jun 2023
- 2023Best-Effort Adaptation10 May 2023
- 2023DeCap: Decoding CLIP Latents for Zero-Shot Captioning via Text-Only Training6 Mar 2023
- 2023GDOD: Effective Gradient Descent using Orthogonal Decomposition for Multi-Task Learning31 Jan 2023
- 2022Multi-Task Learning of Object State Changes from Uncurated Videos24 Nov 2022
- 2022PaCo: Parameter-Compositional Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning21 Oct 2022
- 2022Using Graph Algorithms to Pretrain Graph Completion Transformers14 Oct 2022
- 2022UFO: Unified Feature Optimization21 Jul 2022
- 2022MVP: Multi-task Supervised Pre-training for Natural Language Generation24 Jun 2022
- 2022Towards Unified Conversational Recommender Systems via Knowledge-Enhanced Prompt Learning19 Jun 2022
- 2022Textual Entailment for Event Argument Extraction: Zero- and Few-Shot with Multi-Source Learning3 May 2022
- 2022C2-CRS: Coarse-to-Fine Contrastive Learning for Conversational Recommender System4 Jan 2022
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- 2021Named entity recognition architecture combining contextual and global features15 Dec 2021
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- 2021Variation and generality in encoding of syntactic anomaly information in sentence embeddings12 Nov 2021
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- 2021Fast Line Search for Multi-Task Learning2 Oct 2021
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- 2021Exceeding the Limits of Visual-Linguistic Multi-Task Learning27 Jul 2021
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- 2021Pre-training Universal Language Representation30 May 2021
- 2021Predictive Representation Learning for Language Modeling29 May 2021
- 2021Paraphrastic Representations at Scale30 Apr 2021
- 2021MT-Opt: Continuous Multi-Task Robotic Reinforcement Learning at Scale16 Apr 2021
- 2021Disentangling Semantics and Syntax in Sentence Embeddings with Pre-trained Language Models11 Apr 2021
- 2021Persistence Homology of TEDtalk: Do Sentence Embeddings Have a Topological Shape?25 Mar 2021
- 2021Identifying Machine-Paraphrased Plagiarism22 Mar 2021
- 2021SILT: Efficient transformer training for inter-lingual inference17 Mar 2021
- 2021Category Aware Explainable Conversational Recommendation15 Mar 2021
- 2021Majority Voting with Bidirectional Pre-translation For Bitext Retrieval10 Mar 2021
- 2021Multiple Instance Captioning: Learning Representations from Histopathology Textbooks and Articles8 Mar 2021
50 newest of 52 All 52 (JSON)
- 2021MT-Opt: Continuous Multi-Task Robotic Reinforcement Learning at Scalecited by 229
- 2022Towards Unified Conversational Recommender Systems via Knowledge-Enhanced Prompt Learningcited by 86
- 2023DeCap: Decoding CLIP Latents for Zero-Shot Captioning via Text-Only Trainingcited by 84
- 2021Multi-Task Learning in Natural Language Processing: An Overviewcited by 62
- 2021Multiple Instance Captioning: Learning Representations from Histopathology Textbooks and Articlescited by 58
- 2022PaCo: Parameter-Compositional Multi-Task Reinforcement Learningcited by 46
- 2022Textual Entailment for Event Argument Extraction: Zero- and Few-Shot with Multi-Source Learningcited by 25
- 2022C2-CRS: Coarse-to-Fine Contrastive Learning for Conversational Recommender Systemcited by 24
- 2021Disentangling Semantics and Syntax in Sentence Embeddings with Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 22
- 2021Paraphrastic Representations at Scalecited by 21
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- 2024Multi-Task Contrastive Learning for 8192-Token Bilingual Text Embeddingscited by 21
12 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
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- 2025Characterization of Transfer Using Multi-task Learning Curves31 Dec 2025
- 2025BandiK: Efficient Multi-Task Decomposition Using a Multi-Bandit Framework31 Dec 2025
- 2025Multi-task Learning for Heterogeneous Multi-source Block-Wise Missing Data30 May 2025
- 2025Domain Adaptation for Japanese Sentence Embeddings with Contrastive Learning based on Synthetic Sentence Generation12 Mar 2025
- 2025FAS: Fast ANN-SNN Conversion for Spiking Large Language Models6 Feb 2025
- 2024SWE2: SubWord Enriched and Significant Word Emphasized Framework for Hate Speech Detection25 Sep 2024
- 2024Multi-Task Contrastive Learning for 8192-Token Bilingual Text Embeddings26 Feb 2024
- 2023Deep Learning-based Sentiment Classification: A Comparative Survey12 Dec 2023
- 2023SPICED: News Similarity Detection Dataset with Multiple Topics and Complexity Levels21 Sep 2023
- 2023The Daunting Dilemma with Sentence Encoders: Success on Standard Benchmarks, Failure in Capturing Basic Semantic Properties7 Sep 2023
- 2023Alleviating the Long-Tail Problem in Conversational Recommender Systems21 Jul 2023
12 newest of 51 All 51 (JSON)